Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 June 1940 — Page 16
ow CITES NEED FOR
SELF-SACRIFICE
Frasioi May Be Making Last. Stand Against Dictators, Jr..C. of C. Told.
WASHINGTON, June 20 (U. P). —Admiral Harold R. Stark, Chief of Naval Operations, called today for self-sacrifice and strengthening of “moral fiber” to prepare the United ‘States for what he said may be the ‘last stand against “the vaunted efficiency and Tuthless methods ‘of: dictatership.” = - ~ : Speaking before the national convention of the Junior Chamber of ‘Commerce, Admiral Stark said that a successful - defense program de- _ pended as much upon “planning, calculated daring and willingness to endure hardships in peace prior to *war,” as upno economic strength; a powerful army and navy, ang. a strong air force. “It is from the. courage, stamina, fortitude and determination of the people of the nation,” he said, “that the Army and Navy will derive the spiritual as well as the Hocessay material -and physical strength to preserve [us as a nation.
‘We Are Forewarned’
“Here human dignity, freedom of speech, of the press, and of religion may make their last stand against the vaunted efficiency and ruthless methods] of dictatorship: Here we already have subversive agents who go about their treacherous assignments under the protective cleak of our cherished freedoms. But: we have been forewarned. “A virile national spirit: cannot “be maintained by an easy way of life and |a sheltered existence. That - existence is now not so .sheltered, and it may become less 50.” He said that the Army and Navy today were not as strong as existing world conditions demand, but that the defense program is proceeding along well planned lines.
| Need Unselfish ‘Co-operation “We need the combined and unselfish [co-operation of business, labor and capital . , . Our national
. glefense program . . . can only be achieved by national unity, national will and national discipline.” - Assistant Secretary of State Henry G. Grady, addressing the same meeting, ‘called for a more realistic ‘attitude toward foreign relations. A third’ ‘Speaker—James S. Kemper, president: of the U. S. Chamber of Commerce — cautioned against ‘letting unwarranted: hysteria plunge the nation into ‘war. :
AL STARK |
How Saf Generals Fight Faults Shown
(Eighth of a Series)
: mi— ; / By CHARLES T. LUCEY and LEE G. MILLER Times Special Writers
WASHINGTON, J une 20.— Faults which its commanding officers term tragic and disastrous, and which in warfare would mean heavy casualties, are being: revealed: in battlefield maneuvers the United States Army i§ conducting this summer. Soldiers are moving away from map strategy into stiff field tests in which they seek to stimualte, as fully as possible, combat conditions. The parade-ground drill perfection of other days, experienced military leaders agree, is less important than sound knowledge of field tactics. The Army, perhaps inclined to gloss over weaknesses in the past, is taking a frankly critical look at its operations/ ' Critiques being written pull no punches. The War Department believes the maneuvers constitute an exceedingly important phase @f preparedness. It says plainly that it is better to make the mistakes now—and correct them —than to make them in wartime. The Louisiana maneuvers, bringing together troops from 33 states, were unprecedented for this country in distances traveled and the number of soldiers engaged. They ranged over 2400 square miles and cost nearly $2,000,000,
Trained Two Large Corps
They trained two large corps in concentrations over long distances against a mobile enemy, and in combat tactics employing aviation and mechanized forces. The high, command spoke plainly after the “battle” had raged for three weeks. Sarcastically, Maj. Gen. H. J. Brees, commanding officer of the Eighth Corps, seid of the artillery: “Phe lack of support Ww heavy weapons, including artillery, was painfully evident in many actions. There seemed to be a rather general idea that when contact occurred all that was hecessary was to go ahead until stopped by an umpire, and that there was no need for maneuver or for support by heavy weapons intended just for that purpose.. 3
\
“If these weapons are not needed
In Manuevers||
we are wasting money in purchasing them and in training in their use. If the results would not have been so tragic, some of the so-called attacks without the use of supporting weapons were so absurd as to be farcical. In. most cases the fault lies with our senior officers.” Of another action: “Road reconnaissance by motor columns was noticeably poor. Motor columns barged ahead regardless of security, road conditions or terrain until stopped by direct order of an umpire. This can only result in disastrous losses, especially when motor columns come within range of hostile fire, both artillery and infantry, and when confronted by an active and alert enemy.’ There were numerous other sharp cyiticisms: Because so much time has- been spent on map maneuvers and command post exercises, the Army has lost sight, to a large degree, of the difficulties in terrain. Training of intelligence officers should be more objective; there were instances of more attention being paid to keeping forms in the proper manner than to analyzing]. information received. At times little use was made of observation aviation, and "opportunities to gain vital information were overlooked. Many bridges were reported “destroyed” when such destruction was impossible with the time and means available; many “demolitions” were made without judgment, and subsequently handicapped operations of the demolishing units.
Times-Acme Photo.
U. S. Army engineers construct a 680-foot pontoois bridge during ' maneuvers, .
There were ‘many weaknesses in camouflage. .. Infantry and eavalry were too “road-bound” and disinclined to cross-country operations; infantry must learn that it cannot fight in trucks but must take to the ground and travel under its own power. Weaknesses in manpower and equipment were as glaring as in tactical maneuvers. The Army expects further weaknesses to be revealed at the ap-= proaching maneuvers. But while it
is discovering these weaknesses, and |:
trying to correct them, it also is confirming the' wisdom of the streamlining that has been done to improve field organization. Experiences in the Louisiana maneuvers showed that the organization of the new triangular (threeregiment) division of about 9000 men, compared to the old square. (four-regiment) division of some 13,500 men, is tactically sound. They also showed; Army men say, that present proportions of the various arms of the service are “about right.” And officers- have been generous in their praise of the quality of the American soldier of 1940. But none of the Army high command blinks the fact that vast quantities of material of all kinds is needed, and that this actual training under combat conditions must be on a wider scale than ever before, to meet the kind of armed pigh developed elsewhere in the world.
NEXT—Our bigge biggest ‘business.
Hard- Parking Mrs. Dorothy Helen Wiles, 31, is pitching hay today on her farm near Mars Hill after completing the census wok of three
persons. Mrs. Wiles finished her census
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Mars Hill Wife Makes Hay After Triple Census Job
enumeration district so quickly that she was assigned @ second district by E. C. Burkert, 12th District supervisor. When she completed the second . district, she was assigned to help finish a third district and then for two weeks she did clerical work in the 12th District office.
She earned about $200 during her census work. She used most of her earnings to buy a lot in Mars Hill on which to build. a home for herself, her husband and five children. Before work could be started on the house, she sold .that: lot at a $50, profit and then had enough money for the purchase of another lot and the down payment on a small new house. ° E. D. Sampson, 12th District office chief clerk, said that on several evenings after she had finished work in the Federal Building, she went home and operated a tractor on the farm until dark. - The new job she has outlined for herself, her husband and her oldest son is “putting up” 20 tons of hay
did on it, was just a sort of vacation for her, she says.
STATE ESSAY TOUR AT HALF-WAY MARK
20.—Winners of the “Greater Indiana” essay contest reached the half‘way mark in their tour of the state yesterday. . Dr. Edward C. Elliott, president of Purdue = University addressed the
‘group on the campus where they
were overnight guests. Among the points already visited are Vincennes, the George Rogers
Cemetery and the William Henry Harrison home. The group went to the home of Lew Wallace, famous Indiana au thor. in Crawfordswille, The Wabash’ College campus also was visited and a. welcome address was given by Louis B. Hopkins. -
{civilization to.
The census, hard work that she
. WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind, June
Clark Memorial, Lincoln Memorial |§ Bridge, the old Cathedral, French
FEN
Lust for Tyrannical Power ‘Menaces Civilization, He Says at Harvard.
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., June 20 (U. P.) —Secretary of State Cordell Hull said today that the “massed forces of lust for tyrannical power” menace modern: ci ition but “however great the hardships and the trials « « « the cause of human freedom will triumph. » " He spoke af’
ard University’s s
| commencement | Where he received.
an honorary- dey : In all history ee said, there. never
“| has been a “more desperate need for
who love freedom tenets of modern ather into an unconquerable: defensive force every element” of their spiritual and material resources and their moral and physical strength. nation has been
men ‘and natio and cherish t
: Mention No Names
He did not however mention Germany and Italy by name. An shakable faith in the American, way of lifd and “an immutable determination to give our all, if need be, for its preservation,” he said, is necessary to meet the challenge of
the dictatorshi : “Without" t| faith and that determination, no material’ means of defense will sue ” he said. “With them, we need fear no enemy outside or within jour borders.” He cautioned against the “dangerous folly” of isolationism. “In times of grave crises there are always some who fall a prey to doubt and unreasonable fear; some who seek refuge in cynicism and narrow self-interest; some who wrap themselves in the treacherous cloak of complacency,” he said. “All these are dangers that lie within us. All these impair the faith and. weaken the termination without which freedom cannot prevail.”
Americans Face Real Test
The totalitarian conquests, he said, confront| the American people with the fk vital test they ever have face
in gravity and danger rests upon each and every one of us,” he said. “Neglect or delay in assuming it, willingly and fully, would place in mortal danger our way. of life and the sacred c Juse of human freedom. “Were we to fail in that respon= sibility, we should fail ourselves; we would fail the generations that went before us; we should fail the generations that are to come after us; we should fail mankind; we should fail God. | “I am supremely confident,” he continued, “that we shall not Z#ail . .. I am certain that, however great the hardships| and the trials which loom ‘ahead, our America will endure and the cause of human freedom will triumph.”
PHIL LA err ON AIR
MADISON, Wis., June 20 (U. P.), —Former Governor Philip PF. La Follette will speak on “Defense of America” at 6:15 p. m. (Indianapolis Time) tonight over the Mutual network, broadcasting from WGN,
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