Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 March 1940 — Page 3

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ended two PAE but people are still ask-.

y could

have collapsed suddenly after such

battlefield. In the following dispatch, Edward s there and who had seen other armies and

B; EDWARD w. | nited Press Staff |

EATTIE Jr.

orrespondent

M, March 28 SofFinian 1 lost her war with

aten into surrender—Ethiopia, Czecho-

sloyakia, China, Poland.

| 1 J

But never< until Finland—have I seen a country’ whose armies have defended it] as forcefully as the Finns > did accept defeat and agree to ( merous, terms of peace.

Why did it happen in Finland?

nn,

Because the Finns knew that a battle was in the

waves of Russian troops.

de! The Finnish commanders knew they were z ing to

lose that battle.

They made

ace before the desperation

and hopelessness of that impending catastrophe compelled

them to take even stiffer te

ms from the Russians than

they Becepten two weeks 820.

Green Defend: Urionism

In Reply fo

: Editor's Note—President William Green of the American Federadion of Labor has asked The Times fo print a series of articles answering recent columns written by Westbrook Pegler—a request with which

The Times is glad to comply. The

soon.

By WILLIAM GREEN

President, American

I want to submit a full reply to the charges against the’ American Federation of Labor made by Westbrook Pegler in| the columns of this

newspaper.

In its 60 years of existence, the. American Federation of Labor has

earned the respect, confidence and - the American people as a whole. termined to retain that respect, confidence and good-will. Therefore, reluctant as I am to enter into a controversy with a columnist, I feel compelled to present the facts as an answer to anyone who assails the

‘good name of the American Federa-

tion: of Labor. Summary of Charges

\ Mr. Pegler’s charges can be sum- - marized as follows: : 1. That organized labor is a racket because, he alleges, it coerces workers and levies an ‘income tax * against them in the form of dues. 2. That unions affiliated | with the A. F. of L. are a racket use, he

‘has discovered. two men once convicted of crimes have attained posi- ‘ tions of leadership in two unions. | 3. That the American Federation of Labor is a racket, because, Mr. | Pegler says, it has not| forced the | two unions to oust these men. I will discuss these |charges in the order I have listed them in | three articles, of which | this is the first. » The coercion argument against unions is actually an argument against the closed shop, Every intelligent person realizes that coer- | cion of workers is not the object or | general practicé of the [trade union] movement. Organized labor was born out of suffering and oppres- | sion. It is an understatement to say

unions were voluntary, associations

of workingmen. They ate associations. Workers joined together into unions found they were helpless as individuals to protect their own interests and obtain their just share/of

for labor It is their only justification now.

Protective Measure

It is needless for me to recite the fearful conditions under which men were forced to labor and the pitifully low pay they received before the advent of unions. | It requires no great exertion off memory to recall the tremendous|g economic, legislative | and social: progress effectuated by organized labor in the past 60 years. And conditions are far from perfect yet. Even today the Federal Government is experiencing| serious difficulty in. enforcing law setting minimum wage standards and maximum hour provisions for millions of unorganized workers. | -The closed shop, or the union shop, is not a device to compel workers to join a union. It is a protective measure adopted |: by workers to prevent employers from destroying’ advantages gained by union organization. Union workers have established by their combined efforts high American standards of living and work. They refuse ‘to work side-by-side with non-union men because they are determined to maintain and. improve their working and living standards.

Pegler in High Brackets

But Mr. Pegler says he is forced! to be.a member of his union to hold| his job. It is easy %to understand Mr. Pcgler’s feelings because he

Columnist Pegler is now on vacation but will resume his column

profession and strengthen the union

egler Charges

first of Mr. Green's articles follows.

Federation of Labor

good-will of American workers and |. The Pederation is anxious and de-

probably makes from $30,000 to $50,000 a year and he figures the union cannot help him a great deal. But how about the young newspaperman who is making $25 or $30 a week? How about the veteran newspaperman whose pay has been cut once, twice or three times? | Surely, Mr. Pegler instead of feeling | resentful because he is forced in his union under a unionshop contract with his employer, should try to help his fellow-work-ers, improve the standards’ of his

“rather than destroy it. Perhaps Mr. Peg] er cannot afford the $1 a month dues he pays, but surely he should not, begrudge it if it is being used to help uplift the standards of his fellow workers. Mr. Pegler objects to the policies of his union. So do I. It is a C. I. O. union and its policies are radical, to put it mildly. But there are a large ‘number of newspaper-|c men who feel th: same way about these policies as Mr. Pegler. Why doesn’t he join with them: to reform these policies rather than condemn the union?

Should Take Active Part

If members of a union are indifferent, then the union may nat‘urally fail to be responsive to their needs. But if the members of a union take an active part in its affairs. as they should, then they can run their own organization as the majority wishes. The same principle holds true of: government in our cities, states and nation. When Mr. Pegler charges unions are coercive, my reply to him is —ask. the carpenter, ask the bricklayer, ask the plumber, ask the railroad worker, ask the printer in the composing room of your own newspaper, and find out whether they are members of their union by choice or by compulsion. - | Now as to union dues. These dues are fixed by the members of the union. The money is necessary to run the union. Vast amounts paid out by unions each year strike benefits. In 1938 unions iated with the A. F. of Li paid th ir members a total of |$25,586,288.58 in death, sickness, old age, disability and miscellaneous 'benefits. « These are worthy and ecessary activities. hen Mr. Pegler implies that union dues are exacted from |workers to support a lot of labo leaders in idleness and luxury, 'he is repeating the same old charge that enemies of labor have made from time immemorial. . Let me assure Mr. Pegler that the members of organized labor are not pusillanimous puppets but upstanding independent Americans. They know their union dues are a small investment in selfprotection and security. In my experience in organized labor I have found that any official so |untrue to his trust as to misapply| union funds is promptly and effectively punished. I have found far/ fewer cases of this kind in labor unions than in any other kind of organiza‘tion in the nation. :

(Mr. Green’s second ‘article will |

be published tomorrow.)

'| Japanese-American has expired, signed an important

Battle

“The suddehness of the ViaPwinh peace startled many Finns and many observers outside Finland ‘who had seen ‘in the series of Finnish successes (especially north

of Lake Ladoga) a portent possibly even a stalemate.

of extended Tesistance sad

Stent which the Finnish censorship possibly obs cured abroad. The damage wrought by Russian air raids had been tremendous. Communications were kept. opel but

only at great effort. The Finns up to the end of J spusry

‘What was obscured, however, was that despite the small ‘losses of the Finns as compared with the total of

Russian killed and wounded ties severely weakened the ~ Army. :

even those fractional casualsmall but compact Finnish

. Estimates by reporters who were there and by Scandinavian observers indicate the Finns killed 150,000 -to

200,000 Russians and wounded an: equal number.

The

same sources place the Finnish killed ‘at ‘around 30,000 ‘with possibly 10,000 more wounded so severely that they

. were out of the war for good.

(Gen. Baron Carl Gustav

Mannerheim in the only official Finnish “estimate placed his dead at “more than 15,000.”) : Whether the casualties were 40, 000 or 25,000 in all they knocked a big hole in an army that never totaled more than 450,000 of whom probably not 350,000 effec-

tives were. ever in the field at one time.

One casualty in

every 10 or 12 men is a huge percentage, militarily speaking, when the per cent applies to, an entire army,

HOLLAND DOWNS ENGLISH PLANE

Norway Interns Crew of Nazi Sub; Air War Is More Intense.

(Continued from Page One)

waters by reason of bad weather and disablement. The Norwegians, however, rejected this thesis, asserting the only cause of the grounding was bad navigation by the German U-boat commander.

The war in the air took on more intensity with British fighter craft shooting down a German plane off Scotland and a 22-minute air raid alarm at the Shetland Islands. British aviation was active on all fronts. The Air Ministry reported that two reconnaissance planes failed to return from northwest Germany where extensive flights were made last night. on Berlin a High Command comique announced that German figh ter planes yesterday shot down a British Blenheim bomber during British attempts to raid German patrol vessels. Another British plane, the communique said, - was shot down while attempting to penetrate German territory. A German airplane flew over the Shetland Islands causing the lengthy raid. alarm.” British fighters took off in a pursuit of the German maNo bombs were believed to ee en dropped. There was no ante whether the German ship shot down off Scotland was the same involved in the Shetland alarm.

Germans Deny Loss of Ship The British reported that one

plane failed to return from a raid: in the vicinity of Helgoland Bight |

yesterday in which it was said a German patrol vessel was sunk. The Germans denied loss of the ship. On the Western Front the Royal Air Corps reported that seven Hurricane fighters had: attacked 31 German planes yesterday in a series of engagements, shooting down five and possibly seven German craft. The British report was denied by German sources. The French military reported that Allied troops at half a dozen points east of the Saar-Vosges sectors were shelled heavily by German artillery. A spy round-up was launched in London, especially designed to weed out alien agents among the thousands of refugees from Central Europe. :

Japan Woos South America

In Tokyo, it was said that Japanese Ambassadors and minis ters in South America will meet at Rio De Janeiro or Buenos Aires late in May or early in June to discuss mutual problems and efforts to effect closer relations between Japan and South American nations. Newspapers reported that Sotomatsu Kato, ambassador-at-large to China, would visit Central and South America soon to accelerate the conclusion of trade agreements with Latin American nations. Of this report, the Foreign Office said Kato might make the trip.

Attendants at the South Ameri-

can conference would be the Japanese Ambassadors and ministers to Argentina, Brazil, |Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela, it was understood, and the Consul General at Brazil's important port of Sao Paulo. Only two weeks ago Japan, watching for signs of an American trade embargo now that the trade treaty

| trade pact with Sraeniing

IN INDIANAPOLIS

Here Is the Traffic Record DEATHS TO DATE County City Total 8 7 15 18

1929 ... 13

1 {Arrests | irgieasil | Accidents

CR 15

12 15 4 p 13 2 22

5 . 22 31

$278 De

| MEETINGS TODAY

3 EE Real Estate Board, Colum2

hi Bonye [of Trade, aon. Club, Murat Semple, Inoon.

Severin,

Caray Construction ea ue of india apolis, Columbia Bt ’ ins pos :

iis. Camera Club, E. Ninth

110 Po, eta Pi, Canary - nooa.

eta "ie

1 1 apa TRAFFIC an

Adverts ng Club of Indianapolis, Indian-|

Lambda Chi Alpha Mu Russet Catsterte noon mni Association, anapolis Motor Tran rtati s Ine., Pox’s Steak House on os Clap Sigma Nu, Hotel Nachinaton. noon. Indianapolis Association of Life UnderWriters, | aypool Hotel, noon.

MEETINGS TOMORROW

Exchange Club, Hotel Severin, noon. Optimist Club, Columbia Club, noon. Officers’ Association, Board of

oon. Jelta Theta. Canary Cottage, Jijon. | T! Colum is GI ub: n

‘ederation o Go Hoe Washington, 7 om unity Givi c Clubs, ma, Canary Cottage, noon. Fier Convention, 00! Hotel,

5| mii A Symphony Oréhestry, Murat

MARRIAGE LICENSES (These lists are from official rerarda in the Countv Court House. The Times therefore. 's not responsible for errors n names and addresses.) 1 ——

oS ell Wooley Achéson. 21, Wilmington, alritia Jameson, 21, of 8 Central. ald 31, 1041 30th; Mars 3, of Coal. Sty Ho Ly arrick, 39. of Osceola, Osceoln Helen Louise Huffman, 28, of

~ BIRTHS | Girls © |’

at St. Vincent's. at ht Co yacanes.

. Soancis. Francis,

Edgar, Bethsheba hAIcNay, at Methodist. Charles, Thelma at Methodist. James, Gladys Porn 1 at . Methodist. Louis, Iva Tracy, at 436 W. 30th. Boys Charles, Amelia Dumas, at St. yincenvs, Margaret Payne, Ci Irmadel Wheeling, St.

Herman, ecile Drake, at Methodi El Mary Po pe, at Methodist. Frat, Lillian FSirattman, at 515 N.

o Welter. Bernice Griffith, at 852 S. AdMack, Rosie Ross, at 2153 Kenwood,

DEATHS le 3 Pasch, 92, at 1621 S. East, arteriote Meyer, #5, at Methodist, cerebral

Minn hemorrhage. 84, at 3245 N. Tinos,

John DeBra, anemia, Elmer Leon Coleman, 21, atl City, acute oliomye litis, Leroy Rankin, 79. at 2946 Rader, chronic myocarditis. Thomas Elzey. 25. at Methodist, brain

abscess ward H. Smith, 73, nephritis.

obstruct

Pearl Ferguson, 44, at Long, citrhosis ]

of liver.

Willett Niblack, 69. at Methodist, ‘cere- M

bral hemorrhage. nie Keep, 64, at Central Indiana, ly Clyde H. Worley, 50. lobar pneumonia. Nathan Bowman, 63, at 1653 Carrollton, gorohary occ] occlusion.

Davis, 55, at ‘Methodist, chronic s

Lotshar, 80, at 2125 N. - vania, chronic myocarditia Pennayl

«and central po:

tonight and

at "Methodist, " Alfred M Miller, 62, at St. Vincent's, bowel | Littl

at 1932 Parker, L

Light Blown Out"

German bombing = of ‘ coastal lightships, traditionally immune as safeguards to neutral navigation, aroused anger in Great Britain. Above, an officer goes aloft to inspect the shattered lantern of a lightship “blacked out” by a Nazi raider off England’s east coast.

Adams (D. Calo), would have allowed Federal Jobholders to run for office, up to the point of nominaon, without resigning. The original Hatch bill forces the employe to leave the Federal pay roll before beming a candidate. | The second amendment killed by the subcommittee would have exempted employees of educational institutions from the ban on political activity. The subcommittee adopted an amendment setting July 1 as the effective date of the bill. This

would make the law inoperative in

the spring primaries. | Senator Hatch said he had no objection to the change if it was ‘honestly intended to let the people

become familiar with the bill's provisions before they take effect.”

OFFICIAL WEATHER

U. 8. Weather Burean eee!

INDIANAPOLIS FORECAST—Cloudy with showers tonight and tomorrow; continued moderate temperatures tonight; somewhat colder tomorrow.

"Sunrise PROGR + :35 | Sunset ....... 6:05

TEMPERATURE : =—March 28, 1939— 8 a. ;

[8:30 8. m..... .30.03

Breciptiation 24 hrs. fnge Jan. 1 8 m....: 13 precipi tation Shoe an on 4:38 Deficiency since J

MIDWEST WEATHER INDIANA—Cloudy with showers tonight and tomorrow; warmer in north rtion tonight; somewhat colder in: soutl central portions tomorrow.

Illinois—Mostly cloudy with showers tonight and tomorrow forenoon, followed by partly aoudy nd warmer in north porPa tonight; mewhat colder in south ions tomorrow.

Lower Michigan—Cloudy, Jiowers to-

igh ne tomorrow; somewhat warmer

Ohio—Cloudy with occasional rain totemperature portion

night and tomorrow; rising in extreme east tomorrow. to Sntucky-Ocrasional rain tonight and tomorrow; mer in central and east portions | tonight: colder in west portion

WEATHER IN OTHER CITIES, 6:30 A. M

‘Station WwW y Amarillo, Tex. .. cers PORTS 3045 Te: Bismarck,

50 | were injured critically today when

| older Curtiss P-40.

sna luncheon and is expected to con-

6 "| Albert J. Young, 1224 E. Tabor St., . |ccllided at Ohio and Noble Sts. Dr.

"| pole after the crash and the car

had suffered no major defeats. They had yielded | some ground on the Karelian Isthmus but only at terrifi cost e

to the Russians. The fact that Russian bombardment was

damaging Finnish concrete forts had not been revealed. The Finns had inflicted terrific casualties and rolled up Soviet attacks north of Lake Ladoga. Elsewhere and in the Far North their lines were holding well. [| From the military standpoint only one Finnish front is important in the story of how Finland met fotep:. That is the Karelian Isthmus front. There the Finns defended the mis-called Mannerheim Line, actually a zone system of pillboxes and sancrete positions, many of them improvised. There the Russian artillery outranged the Finnish artillery which was accurately handled but often antiquated. The Russian big guns out-ranged the Finnish guns by 1000 yards. The Finns were short on ‘shells. The Russians could, and did, safely concentrate their guns hub-to-hub and pour constant. fire on the Finnish position;. :

ALLIES TO TEST ALLISON MOTOR

Locally Made Engines. to Power Planes for Use at Front. (Continued from Page. One)

Airacobra, single-engined Bell Aircraft “flying cannén,” and the

(Continued from Page One)

mother of John Jacob Astor VI (a British cousin .got the title] John Jacob Astor V) and grandmother to John Jacob Astor VII. | Her honeymoon with the fourth John Jacob Astor began on his yacht Nourmahal and ! continued with a prolonged tour of Europe. It ended on the Titanic, which was: bringing them home. | Some of the 712 survivors among the 2224 aboard the ill-fated ship recalled having seen Col. Astor gallantly escort his bride to a lifeboat, «| bow, tip his cap in farewell. and reMr. Kreusser said the War De-\ tire to join the men waiting in the partment still will have control over | smoking room to drown. the number of planes American Friends said that the young bride, | manufacturers may. ship to the then" with - child. did not |recover Allies and over secret devices and |from the shock of the disaster for armaments fitted on the planes. years, but four years later she mar-

eved

Yet even apainet those odds the Fine held out | against the Russian offensive until the big one started :

Feb. 2. It was the biggest artillery barrage to rock the

earth since Verdun. The Russian guns pounded, pounded,

- pounded. Finally on Feb. 10 a break through occurred. It

‘was said that a battalion of untried troops sent in to re-

lieve the dog-tired Finnish furious bombardment.

defenders broke under the

Civil morale remained high. Few Finnish civilians ;

wanted to halt fighting. But few Finns knew the plai

{

military fac that no matter what foreign help was dis- i

patched it

vould not arrive in time to halt the Russia

advance in ime to make defense of more than a nub

Finland possible.

The Army chiefs knew that reinforcements in nun bers. adequate enough to bolster their fading troops cou

not arrive in time. They had

some foreign planes and re-- -

liable estimates indicated they might have 400 by the end of March, But: the Finns lacked the ground crews and facilities to keep their planes aloft. And it wou d ta ei ga to train the necessary men.

meant defeat and disaster. |

I - [8

grandson of William Dick, the sugar refiner, sacrificing thereby much of her claim to Astor wealth. Her husband’s will had provided that if she remarried, she was to lose the income ‘from a $5,000,000 trust fund and the use of the famous Astor Fifth Avenue home in New York. Mr. Dick’s fortune at the time of their marriage was estimated at $5,000 000 but when she divorced him in 1933, to marry Mr." Fiermonte, who| had been middleweight boxing champion of Italy, she relinquished di laims to any share in his proper iscord | first entered oe Fiermonte household a year after the m ITiage land there was a long series’ of separations and reconciliations. He plied the country from Hollywood to swanky Newport and

Mrs. Astor. Dick Flhrmente Dies in "Florid

“| ried Mr. Dic ik, a childhood chum and

Palm Beach for a time, then /went to Italy in 1935 ‘without his wife. The Italian Government forbade to leave the country. but he surmounted that obstacle in time, returned to America and then took his wife back to Italy for a visit. | : There she met the first Mrs, Fier monte, whom her husband had divorced in 1933, and it was reported’ that there was a financial settlement on Mrs. Fiermonte No. 1 and her child. § The first Mrs. Fiermonte -vas not. appeased, however, and pursued het’ former husband and his new wife. into France when they continued from Italy to the French Riviera for a “second honeymoon.” | The romance continued its course for three more years, Mrs. Fiermonte ended it in a |

rocky. until

orida divorce court. ]

New Devices Left Off

Under the War Department policy, the military devices, including newly developed guns, will be left off the planes. Air Corps and Allison experts consider the Allison-powered warplanes America’s, bid for World Air supremacy—they will be watching closely the performance of modi« fied versions of Uncle Sam’s fighters when they meet Germany's best.

Senate Group Volss

Against Investigation

WASHINGTON, March 28 (U.P.) —The Senate Military Affairs Committee gave inferential approval today of the War Department’s new policy permitting foreign powers to buy late model U. S. warplanes. The committee voted 5 to 4 against a proposed investigation of foreign purchases of arms, ammunition and implements of war.— including aircraft—which had been |® asked by Senator Robert M. La Follette - (Prog. Wis.). The Senate group vote came 24 hours after War Secretary Harry H. Woodring and other high Army officials had explained their policy to the House Military Affairs Cornmittéé, which then dropped its inquiry without objection. The Administration thus appeared to have a “go ahead” on mass sales abroad.

RICHARDSON CLAIMS REPUBLICANS UNITED

(Continued® from Page One)

S TRAUSS.. SA Ys:

any longer has the power to guarantee controlled candidates any position on the ticket, he added that “in the last analysis this rumor and threat of a factional fight within our party as applied to the citizens and membership at large is pure fiction. It is fostered by only a few persons. who still .think it possible to, manufacture influence, create pressure groups: and control candidates by the expenditure of large sums of money in their behalf and on ‘election day. “If any factional disturbance by such small groups develops before primary day the voter may be assured that such a fight will not be effective. It will not be prompted by any desire to place better men and women on the ticket. It will be the dying gasp of a few unreconstructed politicians of the old regime who do not speak for or represent the great majority of Republisans. :

STATE G. 0. P. TO SET CONVENTION DATE

The time of the Republican State Convention will be set at a Republican State Committee meeting to be held a week from tomorrow at the Columbia Club, Arch N. Bobbitt, committee chairman, announeed today. The meeting will start with a

THESE COLORS:

White Beach Silver Twilight Pigeon - Monel Oxtord Desert / Pecan Chocolate / Danube Monterey {| Bluegrass |

tinue through the afternoon. Com- Elfin

mittee members also are expected |. to discuss Indiana’s role in the Republican National Convention. i] Miss Eileen O’Daniel, field repre-| 4 - sentative of the women’s division io of the National Committee, will speak on the Indiana women's part in the State and National campaigns,

2 HURT CRITICALLY IN AUTO COLLISION

Robert Ketcham, 510 E. 10th St., and Kenneth Davis, 1930 Park Ave.

their car and-a car driven by Dr.

Young was unhurt. The injured were taken to Methodist Hospital. Dr. Young's car struck a utility

driven by ‘Mr. Ketcham went | through a vacant lot and struck the| foundation of a house at 101 N.| | Noble St., owned by Emil Bana,

230 Masachusetis Ave, |

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