Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 March 1940 — Page 11

VEDNESDAY, MARCH 20, 1940

¥ ¥ ts oi ile 5

Hoosier Vagabond

GUATEMALA oITY. March 20.—Now that the In Gugismais. is in Mexico, you get a terrific : rud er on our: magic carpet is fixed, and we've got mingling of the old and the new. On the streets it: the thing headed back north again, what is it you'd is about half-and-half between people as modern be: wanting to know about Guatemala, I wonder? and well-dressed as you of I (better in my case), and’ Welly for one. thing, it has no gambling. | Not even the Indians in from | ithe country in their vivid dresses, friendly games. President Jorge barefooted, and carrying huge loads on their heads. | Ubico is death on gambling. Guatemala City has about 120,000 people. There are | People are even afraid to match sevetal hundred Americans here, working for big | coins to see who pays. for the companies or in business for themselves. In nearly | dinner. (I''have a friend who every shop or: store downtown you'll find somebody | spent the night in jail for play- who can speak English. . ing bridge at his club. Yet there _ {But the Germans predominate. With all due-dis-is a national lottery, as in all regard for Mr. Hitler, I must say that the Germans | Latin countries. have done the most to make Guatemala ity the 4 "This nation is firmly under swell place it is. ’ Feeling here is pro-Ally| in the '®he thumb of President Ubico. war, but it doesn’t seem to extend to the local Ger- | He is. a dictator, even if I get mans as individuals. _ kicked out of the country for 2 =» \ |

+ | saying so. He has tat ’ 4 © | dictatorship in Central America. A9 0 Clock To own J | T Ana: the best ane.

| Guatemala is really progressing. | More than any other country down here. When We Guatemala has always been a land of earthquakes. | were here four years ago this was a lovely city. But This city was more than half destroyed in [1617 by < ‘in those four years so much building and improving earthquake. We've had a couple of little shakes since ; has been fone you can hardly believe it. our arrival. But nothing as strong as we| had in President Ubico is honest. Not only is he honest, Nicaragua. | | but he keeps the’ people under him honest. They Guatemala has two seasons—wet and dry. The e | the only Central American ruler strong rainy season is during our summer, but they call it | enough ‘to do that, When he appoints a person to winter down here. | March’ and April are - office, th person has to sign an affidavit of how est months. But even so, since it is 5000 feet high . much he is worth. Frequently he is investigated. If here, the nights get mighty cold and we've had our | he seems to be getting along too well financially, he fireplace going. | bas some tall ‘explaining to do. The unit of money in Guatemala is the quetzal, 2.» 2 and it is pegged by law Re ‘our American do Jai and) - e exactly the same. value. One guetzal, on ollar Scenery Is Attractive American money is acceptable. I believe prices are Guatemala City is modern, and pretty, and clean a little higher than at home. American cigarets 8s a hound’s tooth. By all odds the cleanest city in" cost 35 cents a pack. ' Central America. Our own cities are no cleaner. Guatemala.City {is- dlovedlup. tight by 9 p. . There The city swarms with putt-putt bicycles. | They are are only twa or three. places where you can go to of German make; the smallest ones cost about $85, drink and dance. That's all right with me, for|I'm nd if I lived here I'd sure have one. They are all allergic to night clubs anyhow. But some friends of 0 e-cylinder, and the exhaust goes fast, like an out- ours, travelers from Panama, insisted [fe have a board motor only not very loud. The sound is sort fling. They had heard of a “doubtful” , Where of soothing you really saw, the “other side” of ® iy life in Th oetral highlands of Guatemala are astound- Guatemala. So I grouched for a couple of hours and ingly picturesque with volcanoes, destroyed cities, old finally went. , The joke was on our friends. The place villages, magnificent lakes, Mayan ruins, tribes of was as dead as a mausoleim, The few people there Indians all different, ‘marvelous weaving, and craft- were sedate. The only oe was a phonograph, . |work of many kinds. Glatemala has nearly every- yawned until we had sore jaws, and wenf home gt 10 “ thing Mexico has—except oil trouble, oc lock.

Py Sil rd es ee

| Our Town oi

By Anton Scherrer

The meetings were ‘held in | private homes until 1841

Samuel G. Mitchell in 1839, was the first Negro in In heh a itl frame house, called Bethel Chap, yas dianapolis. Unless, perchance, it was a boy brought by Gahai There wasn't a sign of a Di or a fence . Gen. Tipton ‘when he came to select a site for the petween it and the river at the time. \ eapital. The second Negro to arrive was~a woman, In 1857 when the first Episcopal Church on the ; | Chaney Lively, who kept house Circle was removed to make way for the present Christ Tor Alexander Ralston, the bach- Church, it was bought by Bethel Chapel and brought, elor surveyor who thought up the stick by stick, to the Georgia St. site. It was used ingenious’ plan of Indianapolis. until it was destroyed by dre in 1852. Almost imme- - Mr. Ralston had: his house diately, another frame hofise was built to replace it. and his garden on W. Maryland All during this time, Bethel Church was the only St., 3 half block west of what is Negro ghurch in Indianapglis. ‘now Capitol Ave. Here he raised ‘The second Negro church, the Allen Missiop on the first tomatoes grown in Ins Broadway, was built in (1866; the third, Simpson dianapolis; the first roses, t00. Chapel, in 1875. After that, the number of - ‘He lived there until the day of churches increased and kept pace with the population. . his death in | 1827. “Aunt Today, the Negroes have something 18 70 churches Chaney,” as she was called, lived . in Liidiatipotis, ; at least 20 years longer and after Mr. Ralston’s death 2 2 = had her home at the northwest corner of Meridian . , | and Maryland Sts. It is generally believed that Mr. "N eg 1 0€s H elped by Quaker $s Ralston remembered his housekeeper in his will, and | 14 tig connection it may not be amiss to_tell what it may just be possible that, Aunt Chaney spent her the Quakers did to help the Negroes of early Indianlast days in a house which or iginglly belonged to Mr. polis. After the Emancipation Proclamation, Negroes Ralston. began coming North in increasing numbers and many found employment. There was a shortage of labor s- around here at the time, especially of agricultural‘and «unskilled /labor. Many, however, came without a nickel in their pockets and the first organized measures for

eovmane ENSAW, a boy ‘brought here by br,

i 2 = =» Tough on Reporters

The, third Negro to arrive was David Mallory, the

first professional ‘barber to turn up in Indianapolis. their relief, until they found work, was by the Freed-|

He planted his shop opposite George Smith's orchard men’s Aid Society, an Insitutions thought up by the which stretched ‘along what is now known as W. Quakers. Georgia St. A year later, in 1822, Mr. Smith set up a It had an office on Pennsylania St., north of printing press if his orchard and with the help of Washington in a one-story building where ‘Jacob Wilhis stepson, Nathaniel Bolton, published The Gazette, letts and his son,| Penn, gave relief to the refugees. the first newspaper in Indianapolis. The fact that Mr. It was on petition of these Aid Societies of which there Smith started his paper.opposite a barbef shop struck were 13 ih the country that Congress established the everyhody as just about the cheapest way of gathéring Freedmen’s Bureau in 1863. It was a grand piece of news ever heard of. "work and moved Jacob P. Dunn, the historian, to deWith such a beginning, Indianapolis had 58 Negroes clare that “the Negro owes as great or greater debt in 1827; 73 in 1835. It was enough to start a church. than the Indian to the Quaker.”

By Raymond Clapper

4, i | Ed ° : i Washington WASHINGTON, March 20.—Well-informed persons be glad, no doubt, to make peace on the basis of the here find little in the European situation that points situation as it now stands.

The British Government, appears -to be firmly set to early peace. There is much talk about peace, and against any such acceptance of the status quo. To one can wish ‘that there was as much prospect. of stop the war now by recognizing the acquisitions getting it. More likely than peace js two or three more Which Germany has made in the Jast few years— years of war. That is the fear of Augtria, Czechosldvakia, Poland—would be, so the ; those who are fairly close to some British and ‘French think, nething more than an of the realities. armistice, after which Hitler would résume his march. it Thote realities are Sieh mai is possible that Mr. Roosevelt may go through some them. It makes one sad to think Peace motions. Whether it is probable, I don’t know. that ' although this generation The President's denunciation of the peace which knows from ghastly experience Soviet Russia imposed on Finland is a good indication something about the cost of war, ©f how he would look upon a European peace which it may be forced to pay the price merely recognized .Germany’s recent conquests.

again.” Human affairs in Europe 5 #2.»

are so hopelessly tangled that Block de No $ E fee five

there seems no escape. The bel- * Mes jon Soomes Jo fg | Hitler would hardly accept anything less than that. He is under no pressure.. He still holds air superiority agony ae cos einer in i or i Runges gra probably will continue to hold it for another year. Probably oe lon. i. er a wists God oY ows. is back door is safer than ever now, that Russia ably chaos. Possibly revolution. Certdinly bank- }.¢ ended the war with Finland. Britain is going to have a hard time making the blockade effective. We

ruptey, exhaustion and a long and hard recuperation are shipping across the Pacific goods which the

af best. 8-82 British -say are filtering. to Germany and nullifying her blockade. Ger, many Ahead So Far. Time is not necessarily with the British. Maybe The fundamental reality is that Great Britain and they can't starve Germany. And it isn’t certain that Germany have decided the world, is not big enough Britain is immune from being starved out by German for them both! One or the other must go. One or submarine and air warfare. She badly wants more the other must be a second-rate power and must re- merchant tonnage now and is trying to get it here. main so. Neither, of course, will voluntarily accept In another year or two the Allies will be wanting that status. Either Germany will be reorganized so credit here. This war is so costly that it is a question that she will no longer menace the rest of Europe, or whether the Allies, even if they win it. will be able to -else the power of the British fleet will be. broken and cling to orthodox money economy. The (chances are the Empire cut up in pieces for convenient serving about as good that. they will be forced by conditions among (i¥rmany and her associated powers. into completly managed economies, as Russia, Italy Ee to now Qemmeny bs the gainer. Germany would and ‘Germany were.

4°

| WASHING N, Tuesday—I had a few visitors In New York City I said that the Frontier Nursing Fore afternoon and went out in the evening for Service was participating in a’ thrift shop called a half an hour to speak to a group here in the “The Bargain Box,” but I should have added other district. This morning was free, and I went for the organizations have been working in the same cause first ride I have had in months.” It was good to get much longer. They are the Association for Aid to out again, even if the ground Crippled Children; the Henry Street Visiting Nursing was rather soft in spots. The Service, the New York Infirmary for Women and thought that I could not ride Children, the Lincoln “Hospital, ard the Metropolitan again until Friday made me feel | Hospital. that I had better be very con- 1 have been familiar with all these charities for servative, so as not to be com- ga long time, and there is no excuse for my not pletely stiffened up tomorrow. | knowing that they were the ones who founded this Today I have had a delight- now well established thrift op. I apologize for not ful luncheon with Mrs. Robert | having mentioned them becatise, of course, orie wants Jackson, wife of the Attorney | to stimulate the interests of people from every group. General, and I have no further Thrift shops can only flourish’ when they have a official engagements. : wide clientele of Peoris who bring ‘them things fo 1 find that quite inadvertent- sell, and people w he come to buy. - ly I made two statements which Mr. ‘Robert S.“Bowen, the scrapbook editor of were not true in this column, the Madison Enterprise Recorder, Madison, Fla., begs . and ands must correct them. Both of them were about me to urge every thern poet to-send his poetry in shops, one in Washington and/one in New to him. He is planning to publish a Suwanee River ane City. When I mentioned the thrift shop ball Anthology of Southern poets, and he wants to'inI attended, I said it was the = thrift shop clude the work of as many writers as possible. The As a matter of fact, the 's League for South should bring forth many poets, for it is a land, has a thrift shop the District of where the countryside and other sonditions opie for two years.’ 8 : poetic expression,

By Eleanor Roosevelt

By Ernie Pyle

Very few buildings tere go above two Ho ies. “For

We |

After Undersecretary of State Welles returns it

| : (Huge armies await the melting of snow in the Caucasus Mountains. ‘Where will they march? That's the enigma now existing in the' Near East. The nossi- [ bilities are explored in a series of articles. of which this is the first.)

By Walter Leckrone

Times Special Writer : | : ARMY tanks today clattéred thfough the Garden of Eden and flying carpets with machine uns - droned over ancient dad.

Troop - transports from .|clear around the world poured an|endless stream of soldiers into| Asia Minor, where the biggest army since Darius was king of Persia .in the Caucasus Mountains. , Just what they will do then is, of course, still. a military and diplomatic secret—hinted only darkly by Turkey’s Prime Minister Sarracoglu who explained it only by saying, “Spring is coming.” A. few weeks ago the British ,and French admitted they had ‘500,000 soldiers in Egypt and Syria, and were sending more. Today ‘furkey had under arms - the 350,000 men of the régular army, and the Turkish Parliament had passed all the emergency war laws needed for ‘swift mobilization of 1,000,000 more. There is a potential army of two million men in the Near East— 2000 miles from the war zone. They could be there just as a - “troop reservoir’—which is unlikely and does not explain Turkey’s. warlike activities. They could be there as a threat to anyone who might think of invading the Balkans. Or they could be assembling to resume the war which England, France and Turkey, as allies, fought against Russia 85 years ago —a hard and bloody war -which produced. a famous poem, otherhs. a in a draw.

# 8 »

T IE reason for such a move is \obvious—possibly too obvious. Across the Black Sea runs Germany’s prineipal “life line” to Rus- . | From Batum, and Taupse, e easternbshore, oil tankers pass|in endless procession. to Constanza, and ‘Sevastopol, on the western shore, there to load their cargoes intg tank cars for Germany. The oil comes from the great Russian fields on the west shore of the Caspian Sea by pipe line from Baku and Grozny. Two 12inch lines, one eight-inch line, pour a stéady stream of petroleum out of which high- -test aviation gas can be refined, toward Germany | out. of the Caucasus Mountains, too, come isome 600,000 tons of manganese a ‘year, many needs for tempering the | steel in big guns, and airplane motors, and a hundred other i war uses. - It, too, flows mostly across the Black Sea! to railroads on the coast of Rumania and the Cri+ mean ‘Peninsula. Under : the newest German Russian trade agreement Hitler is supposed to send German technicians to Russia to help Sy sia produce more such materials to ship to Germany. Weak spot in the chain is the Black Sea. Turkey holds the en‘trance—the narrow, heavily fortified Dardanelles. Here, during ‘the first World War, the British tried to crash through, and failed. The paweriul British fleet sir

ag- "

sat waiting for the snow to melt .

x skyline view of the oil fields at Baku—the great reservoir of

fuel on the west shore of the Cas-

pian Sea is shown in photo above. Lower, the Ossetian military highway in the Cangasus Mountains of ‘Russia which Turkey may use it military force is employed to snip the “life line.” maa

which Ger- i

. though Russia is most of the inconsequential Red

tacked by water, and the British Army, composed chiefly of Aus-

. tralian and New Zealand troops, * tried to move

in alongside the Navy, on land. Both were |hurled tabk-the Army with such frightful losses that Winston |Ghurchill, blamed for the campaign, lost his post as First Lord of the Admiralty—the office he holds|again in this war.

” ” ” UT. this time Turkey isiapparently an |ally—so nearly fin the war that responsible Turkish officials announce that the. coun-

try “is not neutral, only not" gctively at war, yet. Pl German engineers have been fired from Turkish jobs, German citizens have |been fleeing from Turkey in| large numbers, Turkish newspapers haye been carrying on a growing campaign against Germans and German But the Turkish troops are massing along the Russian frontier. , Once inside the Black ‘Sea the Allied, navy—or probably either the French or British navy alone, could cut the sea line from Germany to the Baku oil fields.

he wished, could defy either Ge many or Russia, or both, and handle the Rumanian oil supply as he chose, not as Hitler chooses. Neither Russia nor Germany apparently could put a fleet into

It also could back up Rumapia to the point where King’ a This map shows the pipe lines that tarry oil from Baku to Grozny and the

the Black Sea strong enough to

offer any protection to the oil tankers that now cross it—alaid to have

navy there now. . Many’ of the tankers, by the way, .are Italian. Scores of them have been leased by- Germany from Italian owners to carry the oil, many of them taken out of

“their regular run from Batum to

Italy because the Germans offered a higher price. Italy’s part in the whole picture continues obscure—but probably not of vital importance. Italy owns, and has heavily fortified, the Dodecanese Islands just off the coast of Turkey, and these, while they lasted, could be used as air bases against the Allies, if Italy decided to join

THE STORY OF DEMOCRACY

Med\ter ranean NSeal

§ I {

WRN

Batum to Odessa

vhere the oil is taken from tankers and loaded ‘on railroad cars

aon g lanes fro or. Gers any...

Russia and Germany. It is not likely they could last long in their exposed location—and Turkey has wanted them anyway for a dozen years, never felt the time was Suite ripe to go and take them. 8 8 F 2 HE realistic Turks, while rattling the sword against Germany, keep looking toward Russia. . Russia’s great oil fields are dangerously exposed to attack from the Turkish side. Last fall when England sought a treaty with Turkey the Turkish government carefully. put in a clause to let them out of a possible Allied war against Russia. But since Russia had such a time defeating Finland, the Turks have grown ward the Red Colossus to their north. { Turkish Rewspapers today point out that the Finns and the Turks

bolder and bolder to-/ .

—and the Hungarians, too, for that matter—are basically all of the same race. If Russia had trouble deféating tiny Finland, cut off from allied help, and only a cannon shot from the industrial heart ‘of Russia, what chance has a Soviet army against a powerful’ Turkey, with a million allied “soldiers at her back, and 4000 miles from Russia’s ship bases? The Turks are asking the question quite openly, and finding the answer quite encouraging: : The vital pipe lines are only a

few miles from: the Turkish bor-

der—<and the whole Baku oil: field. is much nearer Turkey than it is to ithe rest of Russia, A peninsula only about 300 miles wide separates the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea—and;

that peninsula is a long, narrow -

neck of Russia that extends south of it liké Florida extends south | v

By Hendrik Willem van Loon

(ILLUSTRATED :BY THE AUTHOR)

CHAPTER NINE

medicine. Both of them existed in name at least in ancient times as

they do today and therefore we. talk glibly about the Democracy of the Greeks and the medicine of the Middle Ages as if they could really be compared to our.own brand. But although the labels are the same, the contents of the packages which they sfover have s§ completely changed s to have ‘become: something entirely different. :

To modern man, for example, _ the idea of a Democracy based entirely upon slavery seems as absurd and intolerable as the notion of trying to cure the plague by mumbling. some absurd hocuspocus over the body {of the patient while giving him a drink of polluted water.

of democracy as it was practiced in ancient times, we should remember that democracy, as we understand it today, is .of very recent origin, indeed not much more than half a century old. For even our own experiment in self-government was originally baséd upon the presumption that several categories of our fellow human beings, on account of their religion, the color of their skin or the state of their bank account must forever be excluded from all participation in the management of their own affairs. Yes, even so enlightened “and - liberal a statesman as Thomas Jefferson, probably the most in-

the Republic, wrote his noble sentence about ‘all men being

hile. he owned 72 Lines

EMOCRACY is like

After all, Life somehow had to go on before the invention of Iron Slaves

Therefore, in all our discussions

telligent among the founders of

H Ic H people ask, possible that ‘people of the intel-

leétual and spiritual integrity of Perciles and a Jefferson could ac< cept without any qualms of con-

science a system which they must -

have known to be ‘completely wrong?” To which, after considerable meditation, T would like to offer

. the following answer. It probably had dawned upon them that slaw

ery was something that could not be tolerated in’'any sort of com= munity which’ prided itself upon ing democrati® But after all, * somehow or other had to go oniand before the invention of the Slaves there was no other way of keeping society going than with the help of human chattels.

‘The founders of all old Democracles liked the idea .of slavery

just as little as you and M like being

invariably makes “How was it’

so we-discover all sorts of plausible alibis to make ourselves forget that hundreds of thousands of men must spend most of their waking hours digging coal in some dangerous hole in the ground. ” 2 ” ; % EANWHILE we are forever L reassuring our troubled consciences that soon our scientists will invent a substitute for coal and then there will be an end to all our worries. But we forgets that when that happens there will be a floc! or other difficulties because th coal miners will be out of a job and will go hungry. Our ancestors were: fess afraid of gnbleasant facts, than we are \ and they tl ' realized very

- and when there is no other way

out, : people can invent the most marvelous Gt arguments to fool themselves, as most of the inhabitants of the different totalitarian states are doing this very day. Democracy had proved a failure and Hitlerism and Stalinism were the only way out. That is the old; old vicious.circle which has always been the curse of democracy. And it will continue to be that way until someone comes along and

shows us how to break through |

this vicious circle which in the end may destroy us all. ;

NEXT: The Monarchies Grew From the. Early Democracies.

JOBLESS BENEFITS RISE IN FEBRUARY

Unemployment insurance = benefits in February exceeded $1, 000,00 for the first time since March 1939,

‘the. Indiana Unemployment Com-

pensation Division reported today. February payments were $1,005, 251, an increase of $279,808 over January. The total was less than the $1,362,001 ‘paid in February 1939. George J. Smith, manager of the field office serving Marion and five adjoining counties, said that benefits amounting to $192,060 were, paid in n February in these six counties to an average weekly number of 4560 persons. - the average ‘number of persons

drawing benefits each week was

about 24.000, compared - h 16,500

in January and 34,000 a year ago. "The number of claims each week was 27 per cent less than in February 1939 and 30

per cent m than m January t + 1940, og 3

ww It is a

. a’ successful war |

'4—Name the res dent nto the

‘In the whole state

‘compensable |

of the’ rést {of the. nited States, and about in the st ne shape

Across this. per ‘two-thirds jof the }

bout | arg wer= : -ing higher [than t Als, snow= covered and scored| with glaciers. There a utes ‘through | : them-—chief one being the, Dariel ' _ Pass, where a railroad aid a highway follow 2

natural defensive line ‘as_strong as any | the! world— ‘but Russia to the soutl side. inst fo | Turkey stands'to profit hugely from a Ww agains Russia—with allied help, of course—and Turkey can see pr pective big gains from ith’ Germany - = that would leave he e. ii s as the friends a savio the Balkans. |

Next: |

a RR ampaigs in og |

AWAIT pus : y RDICT BEDFORD, ‘Ind. March 20 (U. P.).—Reed Blgckbu ,' 49, of Bloomingion, today was free on $1000 bond pending a verdict trom .gor=" oner R. E. Wynee in connection with the fatal injury of C. L alin of Bedford ‘near: hers Saturday after an ‘automobile collision. Mr. Blackburn was charged - with reckless homicide. |

TEST YOUR SHoviE GE.

gin of

the, Zame : the white

¢ of Re became States.

wy. established N ‘the Polish Go junat iy 13 5—Where is the Ui niversity of Mich-

igan? / 6—1Is linseed oil use in Making linf the dish

oleum? - 7—What is the i me made of bread o oate ke, soaked in pot-liquor, 10t.4 2. swers 1 1—It was astied or the Jutss, an Shoien people 3 rho Tpablied the

2—Tuberculosis. ot: 2x) 3—Herbert Hoover | 4—Ignace Jan Pade rewski.: \ 5—Ann Arbor. 6—Yes. : T—Brewis.

t is the orig ~ Jutland? 2—What disease is calle plague? 3—Name the only n nan the Mississi River President of the! Uni

ASK THE TES

Inclose a reply when question ‘of to The -I