Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 January 1940 — Page 2

SCANDINAVIANS’ REPLIES ON FINN

Sweden and Norway Reject _ Protest Against Sending Men, War Materials.

MOSCOW, Jan. 15 (U. P.).—Russila announced today that it had protested to Sweden and Norway against their aid to Finland and

unsatisfactory.

The full exchange was broadcast to the world over the Moscow Radio and at the same time disseminated by the -official Tass Agency. It disclosed that Sweden and Norway had rejected the protest.

Russia’s protest was made on Jan. 5 through the Russian Ministers at Stockholm and Oslo. It was a protest against the dispatch of volunteers to Finland, the shipment or trans-shipment of war materials to Finland, and anti-Rus-sian newspaper articles.

Note Is Threatening

How serious the representations were was shown by ‘a paragraph from the representations to Norway: “The Government of the Soviet « Union deems it urgent to declare to the Norwegian Government that the above actions of Norwegian authorities not only flagrantly contradict the policy of neutrality pro- . claimed by the Norwegian Government but may lead to undesirable complications and disturb the nor- - mal relations between the* Soviet Union and Norway.” ; ‘Norway replied that Russia's complaints were based on inaccurate information; that Norway was not recruiting volunteers for Finland, but that it was not a violation of neutrality for individuals to go to fight for Finland; that while the Norwegian Government had no knowledge of the transit of war material to Finland, such transit would net“be contradictory to neu trality. So Sweden’s Reply Sharp

Sweden’s reply was somewhat sharper: “The Swedish people cherish ardent sympathy for Finland « « « In the opinion of the Swedish Government, neither its position as regards the press nor its actions in any other demand provides the Soviet Union with a pretext for accusations against Swedehh . . . The transportation to Finland of various articles exported from Sweden or their transit from other countries can not evoke objections. “Sweden strives to maintain her trade relations with other countries. Finland may import from Sweden and transport in transit across Sweden various goods for which there is demand in Finland. The Swedish Government does not deem ‘it possible to change this situation and impede trade turnover between Sweden and Finland.”

Echo in Southwest Europe .

The official comment on this was: * “The replies given by the Government of Norway and especially of Sweden cannot be ‘regarded as satisfactory. The Governments of Norway and Sweden do not deny all the facts proving a violation by them of the policy of neutrality. Such Iposition by the, Governments of Sweden and Norway conceals dan-

T. Beit testifies to the fact that the Governments of Sweden and Norway do not offer resistance to the influence of those powers which strive to involve Sweden and Norway in war against the Soviet .{Xrnion.” There was a repercussion also from southeastern Europe. It was made known by the Tass Agency that the Hungarian Minister had called on Vladimir Potemkin, Under Commissar for Foreign Affairs, yesterday and denied reports that the recent talk at Venice of Counts Stephen Csaky and Galeazzo Ciano, the Hungarian and Italian Foreign Ministers, was directed against the Soviet Union. The Moscow radio broadcast that both the Murmansk-Leningrad Railroad and a branch of the road extending from the Kandalaksk area toward the Finnish Frontier were in full operation, despite reports that the Finns had cut the roads.

Substantial Foreign Aid

Is Flowing to Finland

COPENHAGEN, Denmark, Jan. 15 (U. P.).—Reports that foreign aid to Finland has now reached important proportions came today in tacit er to Russia’s disclosure that it had protested to Sweden and orway and that the Swedish and orwegian replies had been unsatfactory. It was reported that aid which ad reached the Finns on the Far orthern front included substantial umbers of Swedes and possibly ubstantial deliveries of big guns and other ! Rusgla was re rted to/be moving 4 e troops a pplies into tion for action on this front and dispatches indicated the Russians | might find the Finns better pre‘pared to resist than they were in the early days of the war. A Helsinki dispatch disclosed that Gen. Ernst Linder, Swedish Army officer, had assumed command of the Swedish Legion in Finland and that, in assuming command, he issued an order of the day announcing: “This is a fight for the freedom of the north.” : Sweden made known that it would protest against the bombing of the Swedish island of Kalla, south of Luleaa in the Gulf of Bothnia, by " eight Russian planes yesterday even though it was conceded to be accidental. .

URGES THAT LABOR STUDY TAX PROBLEM

Times Special : SOUTH BEND, Ind, Jan. 15.— The appointment of a committee by Indiana 4abor groups to study tax problems and governmental costs - were urged by Samuel C. Cleland, Indianapolis attorney, at a legislative conference here yesterday. ‘The conference was sponsored by the Indiana State Industrial Union. - He said that labor should have an interest in both direct and indirect taxes because the working man, as a

mer, shares with the wealthy taxation, a

AID ANGER REDS

that the replies were regarded as|

ar

Japan's

; Times-Acme Telephoto. Admiral Mitsumasas Yonai . . . new Japanese premier, seeks to form new Cabinet friendly to U.S. ” ”

NAVAL LEADER

SUCCEEDS ABE

Admiral Yonai, Known as Friend of U. S., Names - New Cabinet.

TOKYO, Jan. 15 (U. P.) —A new Cabinet, which will také office tomorrow, was completed today by Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai, former Navy Minister, who advocates friendly relations with the United States and Great Britain. The new Government, to succeed the Cabinet of General Nobuyuki are,” which resigned yesterday: Premier—Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai. s Plea to Grew Expected

Foreign Minister—Hachiro Arita, former Foreign Minister and a veteran diplomat. Arita was expected to ask United States Ambassador Joseph C. Grew for an early resumption of negotiations of a trade agreement to replace the commercial treaty of 1911 which expires Jan. 26. War Minister — Gen. Shunroku Hata, who held the same position under Abe and who had been re-| garded as a candidate to succeed Abe. Agriculture Minister—Toshio Shimada. : . Overseas Minister—Gen. Kuniaki Koiso. Justice Minister—Shotatsu Kimura, former Procurator General. Navy Minister — Admiral Zengo Yoshida, who was Minister of the Navy under Abe.

Veteran of Three Cabinets

Chief Secretary—Sotaro. Ishiwatari. Welfare Minister — Shigeru Yoshida. Railways Minister—Tsurusei Matsuno. Finance Minister—Yukio Sakurauchi, a former Minister of Agriculture. ? Minister’ of Commerce and Industry—Ginjiro Fujiwara, Japanese “paper king.” Minister of Education—Chinjiro Masura.| Minister of Seiken Katsu. Home Minister—Count Hideo Kodama. Yonai, who is 50, has served in three cabinets. He formed the new Government quickly after he was commissioned to do so by Emperor Hirohito.

RED PLANES SWARM OVER SOUTH FINLAND

By WEBB MILLER United Press Staff Correspondent HELSINKI, Finland, Jan. 15.— Russian airplanes swept over southern Finland: again today in what Finns charged was a vast campaign to demoralize the populace. Coincident with the aerial activity, it was reported in Stockholm that Russian troops had been landed by parachute behind the Finnish lines in the: Karelian Isthmus and had blown ‘up several bridges. Two air ruid alarms sounded in

Communications—

Helsinki during the morning, and

cxplosions were heard from the north after three Soviet planes had been sighted. No planes came over the capital, -however, and it was not bombed. ; Business activity was tied up for hours. The weather had suddenly turned bitterly cold after several warmer days. - Large numbers of planes were reported over the south coast shortly after daylight. They came from bases in Esthonia, half an hour's flight across the Gulf of Finland. The temperature was 16.6 degrees below zero, regarded ,as favorable for bombing. Many Helsinki residents left their homes at 8 a. m., as soon as shops opened but before dawn, to do their shopping before the expected arrival of Russian planes over the capital. Finns reported that a new feature in the Russian raids, a daily occurence now, was the extensive use of incendiary bombs. According to their estimates, the Russians are using from 400 to 500 planes a day. It was said, however, that casualties and damage had been remarkably light. tion prisoners as saying that they had orders to bomb any town which had a railroad station.

Finland suffered its worst raids of the war yesterday. Two Russian planes were shot down. Hanko and nearby Tammisaari, west of Helsinki, were bombed five times and communications were cut. These towns appealed for nid against fires. At one time, reports said, there were 20 Russian planes over Hanko and Tammisaari. More than 100 bombs

of Lohjrin, a village near Tammisaari, it was asserted. Helsinki escaped lightly. Big crowds watched the raid here, and cheered when anti-aircraft guns Russian

sent one plane down in a tail spin.

i | against Europe’s wars, for a plana

‘of non-stop trans-Atlantic return

attention now being given to anti-

Finns quoted Russian avia-|.

1.5. ISOLATION DOOMED WITH NEW BOMBERS

Trans- Atlantic Round Trip Planes Could Be Used Against Us.

By THOMAS M. JOHNSON Times Special Writer “planes Could Recross Ocean. Will Have Range to Bomb Europe and Fly Back.” That ‘ headline is an epitaph scrawled blackly across the old, old, comfortable American credo: “They can’t bomb US!” . :

It foretells the end of our security

that can “bomb .Europe and fy back” can reverse the process. Announcement ‘that the problem

flight has been solved by American aeronautical engineers means that many almost equally pressing problems are raised for the Army and Navy. ; Must Keep Secret They must not only determine

how to apply the discovery—which they had foreseen—to our defense problems, but must keep its secret from falling entirely into the hands of other nations. It has, partly, already. Indeed, Britain knew an important element of it months ago, and Germany is believed to be experimenting along lines that will presently place the same weapon in her hands. The American discoveries that will make it possible for airplanes with a full load of passengers, cargo or bombs to fly to Europe and return without stopping to refuel, are logical developments in aerodynamics. A chosen few Americans saw the foremost of them demonstated in the wind-tunnel at Langley Field a year ago, when a “stream-lined wing,,” that cyt air-resistance by nearly two-thirds, was shown.

Engines Run Cooler

And every motorist knows that when his engine gets too hot it can’t «climb hills, By a method called “finning,” airplane engines can now be cooled so as to increase their efficiency three times over. And these engines will be: better synchronized, cowled and fueled than ever. . Result: ships able to cruise farther and faster (500 miles an hour) than any yet known. So says the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in its report to Congress. The report was released just now, presumably, for its effect on the “isolationist” Congressmen who do not believe the United States can be attacked. The.Army and Navy believe that between the report’s lines the initiate vision can descry coming changes in military - aviation that perhaps are as profound as those which followed the monoplane or the Fokker gun.

Much Already Done

Foreseeing these changes, both services already have done much with big bombers which may prove pilot models for what is to come. And whil¢ possession of them makes Hemisphere defense easier, that advantage may be more than counterbalanced when other powers develop the same sort of long-range planes which, for instance, would allow Germany to attack Canadian airdromes. : This was one cause behind the

aircraft defense for this country, for which the Army has lately formed a special staff under Brig. Gen. James E. Chaney. Their job will be to plan to protect this country from air attack through - a single organization for co-ordinating anti-aircraft guns, pursuit planes, aircraft warning service and all other branches. They will have eventual headquarters at the new Northeast Air Base, Westover Field, Holyoke, Mass., in the area most vulnerable to and nearest to Europe.

Warning Sounded

Not yet can streamlined wings fly bombers from Europe to our shores and back, non-stop—nor from our shores there; save for sacrifice flights, the new planes must be protected by new-type convoy fighters. On this problem our Air Corps is now working—but so presumably, are those of foreign countries. Today’s headlines mean the time is in sight—a year or two off —when more writing on the wall will be appreciated—the testimony of Major General Frank M. Andrews, chief of the Army’s General Headquarters Air Force: “This is no figment of a Jules Verne imagination—aeronautical developments will make of the Atlantic Ocean an English Channel.”

U. S. Air Chief Foresees 1000-Mile Mile Bombers

WASHINGTON, Jan. 15 (U. P.).— Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, chief of the Army Air Corps, predicted today that warring European nations soon would be ‘using huge bombers with an operating radius “greatly exceeding 1000 miles.” Such planes would be able to span the narrow South Atlantic between Western Africa and Brazil. He emphasized that the United States must keep step with the performance of foreign planes.

NO MISHAPS, CAA REPORTS WASHINGTON, Jan. 15 (U. P.).— The Civil Aeronautics Authority announced today that 9310 students participating in the CAA’s civilian pilot training program have flown 35,000 hours without any serious ac-

Russian Baron To Talk on Wa

BARON "'ROKASSOWSKI V. . Wrangell, former Imperial Russian Army officer, will ‘speak on “The War and the Red Menace” before the Rotary Club at the Claypool Hotel tomorrow noon. The baron is a fugitive from the Russian Revolution and now is an American citizen. He is a cousin . of the late Gen. Baron Peter Wrangell, commander-in-chief of the White Russian Army which fought the Communist Government in 1920-21. : ~ Baron Wrangell is the only surviving grandson of the late Gen. Baron, Platon Rokassowski, Governor-General of Finland, who “assisted Emperor Alexander II in: the opening of the first Finnish Parliament. ‘ ;

KING COMMANDS BELGIAN ARMY

New Soldiers Are Mobilized As Mystery Rumors Hint German Invasion.

BRUSSELS, Belgium, Jan. 15 (U. P.).—King Leopold assumed supreme command of all the armed forces today, as his father King Albert had done in the World War.

rection of all military operations and formed a general headquarters. The calling up of between 30,000 and 40,000 w men to the army over the week-end had brought the country to “Stage D,” preceding

general mobilization. All army men on leave were recalled.. Selected auxiliary military services were removed from the fortified Liege region and hundreds of civilians avacuated the Eupen, Malmedy and St. Vith areas east and southeast of Liege on the German frontier,

Tension Eases Slightly

The country had spent an anxious Sunday -as soldiers hurriedly reported for duty and staff cars dashed through cities and the country-side with urgent orders. There was slight relaxation of tension today but there was no indication -either of the reasons for the extraordinary precautions taken nor for the relaxation. A usually well-informed source repotted, without confirmation, that “Italian circles” Friday night had warned that there was danger of an imminent attack on Belgium. The identity of the alleged “circles” was not specified. ; It was recalled, however, thad Crown Princess Marie Jose of Italy is Belgian and that there are other non-official “Italian circles” with close connections here. :

Nearly 700,000 Under Arms

It was estimated - that Belgium now had nearly 700,000 men under arms. A call for general mobilization' would swell this number to more than 1,000,000. There was no

plated. . The men called to the colors yesterday were of “Category D,” men of from 20 to 35 years assigned to the supply service. Normally they are the last called up before general mobilization, which brings in men of from 35 to 45 assigned to guarding railroads, armament factories and other key positions in the rear. be : The civilians who evaguated the frontier region came from the small areas on the German frontier which Belgium obtained under the Versailles treaty. Those auxiliary military services which were being withdrawn from the Liege region, specially fortified against a German attack, were understood to be largely factories for repair and production of arms. They wil be - established in safe areas. |

BLANK CHECKS STOLEN

Sixty blank checks were stolen from checkbooks of Locals 176 and 233 of the Teamsters Union at the union| offices, 29 S. Delaware St. last night, police reported. Glenn Helms and O. B. Chambers, secre-tary-treasurers of the two locals, told police that entry evidently was effected by a pass key.

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NETHERLANDS FEARS INTENSE AIR WAR

AMSTERDAM, Netherlands, Jan. 15 (U. P.).—Well informed persons said today that the Netherlands and Belgium had taken emergency military precautions on the basis of “inside information” that Germany had decided to begin a new phase of the war as soon as possible and with great intensity, most likely by starting totalitarian aerial warfare. - Germany’s recent reconnaissance

lish coasts were cited as of such warfare. - Informants said that there was no direct danger to Holland in any laerial campaign, and that there had been no indication of German pressure on the Netherlands Gavernment. : : But a new intensified phase of warfare would mean an intensified international situation, informants said, and it was Holland's duty to take all necessary military measures in line with the Government's determination to preserve neutrality. Because Holland was situated directly between Germany and the British Isles, it was said, such precautions were necessary.

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These informants said the Gov-

ernment’s decision to grant no further Army leaves had led to misunderstanding abroad. People here said German airplanes had “repeatedly” flown over Belgium in recent days, in apparent disregard of Belgian neutrality. A Cabinet meeting was called at The Hague yesterday and soon afterward the announcement - was made: “Symptoms of an international character have made the Government decide to grant no army

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