Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 October 1939 — Page 5

ITALY TALKS OF 1 oeavING Peace { RWERORNALI

Mussolini May Wait Until After Hitler . Speaks To Reichstag.

‘ROME, Oct. 3 (U. P.).~—Count Galeazzo Ciano, foreign minister, . arrived from Berlin today to report to his father-in-law, Benito Mus- ~ solini, on his talks with Adolf Hitler and Nazi Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop on the Russo-German “peace offensive” ‘and the new Balkan setup. ~ Count Ciano arrived at (3:50 a. m, Indianapolis Time) as the Cabinet, meeting at the unusually early hour of 8 a. m., was in session. Sig. Mussolini at once adjourned the meeting and went to his office to confer with Count Ciano. He called the Calinet again immediately after he saw his son-in-law. It was widely reported that, despite reports from Berlin, the Duce - would make no peace move in Germany’s behalf until after Herr Hitler had addressed his Nazi Reichstag late this week and outlined idea of a reasonable peace.

Brings Peace Outlines

- After that, if the atmosphere seemed propitious, it was reported, Italy, possibly in co-operation with Russia, might support a general campaign for peace. Authoritative sources said that Count Ciano brought back assurances from Herr Hitler that Rus.sla’s intervention the Polish campaign woud not adversely affect Italy's position in the Balkans. ! «Count Ciano also brought a general outline of Herr Hitler's peace plans, it was said. Newspapers Quiet

Though they were without any clue as to the general trend and atmosphere of the Berlin meeting, foreign diplomats were interested in the restraint which the officially inspired Italian press treated Count Ciano’s visit. The restraint was that the newspapers used headlines only three columns wide and not the usual screaming proclamations of Berlin-Rome solidarity, . accompanied by big photographs of the principals.

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~ Allies Can't Lose, Hoover Tells |

‘(Continued from Page One)

power can defend France unless they blunder into taking wild adventures in military offensives and exhaust their man-power. Aerial warfare may be destructive, but that works both ways and, so far as all experience goes, is not conclusive of any war. :

CALLS SEA POWER SUPREME

“If one surveys the whole front— sea, land, air and economic resources —I am convinced the” Allies can defend their empires. The end may be victory for them. At worst it might be stalemate. I do not see any possibility that it can be defeat.” 4 In view of the obvious importance of the American people moving on facts and not on emotion, I asked Mr. Hoover to amplify this statment. He said: “On the sea the British and French have naval strength of about 2,500,000 tons against Germany’s about 500,000 tons. Russia, even if she comes in, which is improbable, has a negligible navy. Italy has about 600,000 tons. German shipping is already driven off the seven seas in 30 days. Italy would have the same fate if she joined in, which at the present time appears also improbable. I am confident that our naval experts will confirm that this dominance of sea power may be damaged, but cannot be destroyed by aircraft. The submarine may be troublesome, but there has been great progress in methods of detecting submarines since the last war, and this type of warfare is less dangerous. than formerly. Even in the last war it had no major effect upon naval command of the seas.

HOLDS FRENCH ARMY BEST

“The losses of merchant shipping in the: first month are much less than in the first month after the intensive submarine attack began in the last war. The Allies may have lost perhaps 200,000 tons of merchant ships. They have 20 million tons left, and can hire more. They cannot be starved out of either food or materials by any combination of Eugapean powers. The enemy, whether it be Germany, or even Italy or even Russia, must cross the seas to invade with tgoops, either England or the British or French possessions in Africa, India, Australia, or the Western Hemisphere. Allied sea power will stop that. “On the military front the sole point of attack is on continental France. France is protected by very much more ‘powerful fortifications and armies than in 1914. I am confident our military experts will confirm that it takes two or three times as many men on the part of attack to overcome the man-power behind modern fortifications such as those which surround France. The French Army is the best in the world. “Germany has a population of about 80 million Germans from which to draw man-power. The Allied empires have about 115 million white population and 30 million more of fighting races which they can draw from to protect France. And their possessions contain another 450 million people that can aid in food, raw material and munitions production. The Alles can put more men on the front and support them better than ‘the Germans. ¢ “In view of events Russia and Italy must also be considered in this army picture.. While the entry of Italy with a population of 41,000,000 is highly improbable, even in such event the Allied man-power on defense is still superior. I do not include Russian man-power, because I am convinced that Russian troops are most unlikely ever to reach the Western Front. That is inhibited by transportation difficulties, shortages of materials, internal weakness, a lack of any national ‘purpose for the Russians, together with the risks to the Ger-

mans of such a guest. Those who

TREAT YOURSELF TO A

think Russia might effectively invade India know little of tha reality.” ;

BUT WHAT ABOUT AIR?

“Canceding these facts, Mr. Hoover, what about Germany's supposed superiority in the air as an offset to the allied advantage on sea and land?” he was asked. . “Nobody knows whether it is superior or “not,” he replied. “No doubt the most indeterminate phase of this war so far is the effect of the improved aircraft—the air front. If we assume the superiority of Germany, which is not certain, even supported by other air fleets, yet again in the defense there is the offset to superior numbers by the improved anti-aircraft guns and other ground protections. “Regardless of relative size of air fleets, if air attacks are launched on industrial works or civilians, the Allies can destroy many attackers from their ground defenses, and they are strong enough to wreak great counter-damage on their opponents. - And the Allies will have constantly increasing supplies of planes from overseas factories out of reach of destruction by, their enemy. In any event, all experience to date shows air attacks can have no conclusive effect on the capture of a country. That comes from invasion of troops alone. “Sea power and ample man power to defend France would have won the World War without help from the United States if the Allies had not thrown their man power away in futile capture of trenches and in blundering military adventures. It is not to be expected that they will repeat ‘these blunders.” “Probably no man alive has had such experience in the economic pressures of war as you, Mr. Hoover. Germany surely must be prepared to eat, and to find materials, as well as to fight?” Was the next question.

REPORTS FAT SHORTAGE

“The economic front is as vital in this war as in the last war. In foodstuffs “Germany starts the war on bread cards. Nobody can store very much food for long. Germany can obtain some breadstuffs and some meat from Poland, Russia and Central European countries, Czechoslovakia and Austria add to her food problems rather than diminish them. Germany produces only about half her necessary fats. The blockade will greatly reduce the fat supply and will cut off most of her tea, coffee, cocoa, etc. The Germans can no doubt meagerly sustain public health, but at a long distance from the comfortable food standards of the Allied countries.

“The French are practically. selfsupporting in food. The British its food production since great war. That enables England to obtain most of -her supplies f: within her own Dominions. |

ALLIES IN BETTER SHAPE

“Germany, except for coal, potash and nitrates, does not possess a full supply of any essential raw material for war. She has a partial supply of some things, but of probably 20 essential raw materials she has no production at all. It is impossible to store up such things for a long war. Her worst shortages are iron ore, rubber, oil, cotton,

wool, copper, tin, nickel and harden-|

ing alloys. She has in her own synthetic or natural resources ,possibly one-third of her needs in rubber and oil. She cannot obtain outside rubber; she can conceivably secure and has secured oil from Russia and "Rumania, but not enough to be: wholly comfortable in war. In iron ores the Allies have already cut off 2b per cent or 30 per cent of her needs, and full war needs cannot be found in Russia or Central Europe. Even with the amounts of raw ‘materials Germany can command from Russia and Central Europe, there will still be large deficiencies in the other raw materials. The Allied blockade will ‘in time reduce these supplies until it hurts. , “The Allies, on the other hand, produce, in their own empires 90 per cent of the needed steel, all their coal, and all the oil, copper, lead,

zine, tin, nickel and alloys that they

need. And besides the seven seas are open to them for everything else. “Germany's war equipment factories have expanded through occupation of Czechoslovakia and Poland

but these centers were also in con-

trol-of the central powers in the last war. The industrial equipment of the Allies has expanded greatly since the Great War. For instance, in the last. war Great Britain started with a production of only 35,000 motor vehicles. They now produce about 45,000. And in that war Germany held the great iron ore center in Lorraine. France has it now, within her fortifications. In that war Germany by the march through Belgium at once occupied the great coal and industrial center of northern France, which France should be able to hold.

HOLDS PURCHASING VITAL

“Purchasing power for supplies from outside national borders is vital to belligerents in modern war. The Allies have large gold stocks. They have about 50 per cent of the

world’s gold production. - They have

several billions of reserve assets in the United States and other. countries which can be turned into purchases. The”Allies can secure the great bulk of their supplies ‘from

can arrange internal credits.. Ger-|! many must buy her large deficiencies from other nations. She has no6 consequential amount of. gold and her credit is not large. She must continue to keep people working on exports goods with which to pay. That decreases available man power. “Morale is important. The Allied people are convinced they are fighting on moral foundations and for national existence. Their people will

the Allies will be defeated. or He aT Tots Tot Id. oh Sem

hypotheses with

| J ties, and then get powerfully exfrom their own empires and there they]cited.

“We need to keep cool. After all

we must keep out of this war. We would be yielding the last stand of democracy if we go in, win or lose. We would have to yield to dictator- | ship during the war, and in a quar~ ter of a century of impoverishment afterwards we would not get out of dictatorship. We would de destroy‘ing the possibility of being of aid in econstruction

I world after it

of a demoralized was all over.”

be comfortably fed. They will have staying power, ! :

‘URGES COOLNESS

“The Germans realize their extreme danger from a long war. They | 4

tack. It may even mean bad days for the Allies. But there is little reason to believe it can succeed. And then the slow strangle of sea power will have its effect. “Prom all this I have no fears that

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