Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 September 1939 — Page 25
F.D.R.IS URGED | 70 TAKE PEACE | ROLE IN ORIENT
¥ Chinese Foreign Mini ter Says Japan’s Basis for War Now Gone.
Al i
Periscopes Eas
»
| | By WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS Times Foreign. Editor f
WASHINGTON, Sent. 27 — Thana now seems to be a possibility [that another President icooseveiv |i. oi help bring to an end another ma jor war in the Far East. Just as Theodore Roosevelt caused to be exercised the good offices of the United States in establishing peace between Japan and Russia in 1905, Franklin Delano Roosevelt may have a similar oppo.tunity to promote peace between ¢ Japan and China, #5 At least Jat is the suggestion of “Foreign Minister Wang Chung-Hui win an interview at Chung gking. While emphatically stating that ..the National Government will conAtinue its’ struggle against Japan % “until final victory,” the, Chinese % Foreign Minister said that, if willto act as mediator, the United EF es is now in a favorable position to bring the fino. Jefensse » War to an early end. *» 4
How Wang Reasons | KC 4
7 Mr. Wang's reasoning is “ The basis of Japan's entire foreign # policy has been destroyed by the “events of the last two years. First, Zthe United States served natice of ;+non-acceptance of changes brought = about in violation of the NinePower Treaty. Great Britain and * France followed suit. And, as a - Russian = Chinese non - aggression . pact was already in existence, the only remaining supports left Japan were her anti-Comintern pact with «. Germany and the 1911 treaty of % commerce with the United States. « Now those are gone. Germany “has entered into a partnership with .Japan’s dearest enemy, Communist » Russia, and the United States has = served formal notice of abrogation ~of the treaty of 1911. The United "States, therefore, is now in a, position
Tre RAA ART ERA ARE EY EAE EER AT ee CRRSIESEAR RG. , 9
this:
Hidden Sub Silently Waits To Loose Torpedo of Death.
WASHINGTON; Sept. 29 (NEA). —The first month of the war abroad
proved the submarine the most potent weapon in naval operations. Because of its comparatively small size, it is easily manageable; because of its destructive torpedoes, it can sink a large vessel before the victimized captain is aware of an en-
AS Short Wave Antenna
Pendulum | Weight |:
Sectional diagram of a torpedo.
“to decline to negotiate any; further - treaties with Japan unless and un- * til she manifests a willingness to re- ~. spect such treaties as have, been or *may be negotiated. : In these circumstances, Seborditia . to the Chinese Foreign Minister, it ought to be easy for the United States to persuade Japan fo accept|“ . President Roosevelt’s mediation and ‘for President Roosevelt tp submit * proposals whereby the [Japanese : could terminate the “China inci- » dent” honorably. .
>
Tide Against Her Now
A few weeks ago, world events . seemed to be playing into Japan's «hands, politically and militarily. Of ~ late, however, the tide has been « running dangerously against her. * What is happening today in Moscow and Berlin can s : rcely be viewed with joy in Tokyo. | In short, as neutral observers see it, Japan's real interests come nearer being tied up with those fof Britain, France and America than with those of Germany and Russia. ,
tons to 2500 tons, about $2,000,000 to $6,000,000. Most popular sizes are 250, 500 and 750ton’ boats.
emy craft in the vicinity.
A submarine moves slowly—15 to
23 miles an hour on the surface, one. to 10 miles submerged. value lies in its ability to maneuver and remain hidden until its prey is in striking distance. and lowering the periscope, the sub
Its
Then, rising
‘bobs” for its victim, until the tor-
pedo is driven home.
The U-boat is propelled by two
powerful Diesel engines, which also generate electricity for storage batteries to run electric motors for underwater travel.
Most underwater craft can re-
main beneath the surface 18 hours without drawing on reserve oxygen. Normally, they seldom stay down longer than two or three hours at a stretch. reserve oxygen will keep the crew alive up to 65 hours.
In the more recent types,
Submarines are built from 250 costing from
The 750-ton craft can cruise as
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far as 3750 miles from its base of supply. The 500-ton submarine has a cruising radius of 2500 miles and the small hoat is used only for coastal operations. \ Most of Germany’s success is attributed to | 500-ton and 750-ton craft, although larger models are in service. The United States navy built a few underwater boats of 2300 tons; but navy experts said the best type is between 1300 and 1500 tons. Most of the ship is filled with engines, torpedo tubes, instruments, safety devices and oxygen and water ballast tanks. The crews of 25 to 50 men live where they can be crowded in. Usually five or six officers are aboard. The men sleep in shifts in bunks in the maze of valves and levers. They eat where they can find a place. A submarine commander usually has a good idea where he will find prey through a co-ordinated sys-
tem of wireless reports, aerial reconnaissance and use .of sound detectors. With the periscope four feet above the water, the commander can sight a ship 1.3 miles away. If the ship has a 100 foot mast, it can be sighted as far as 13.8 miles away.
This range increases as the peri-;
scope is 15 feet above the surface, the range is more than 15° miles. In war, when a vessel is sighted, the skipper shouts orders to submerge. A siren is sounded, hatches closed and ballast tank valves opened. Commands are relayed by electric light signals. 5 The commander “bobs” his periscope up and down, never more than four feet above the waves. The “bobbing” cuts down the slender chance that the sub wil! be sighted before the commander wishes. If the vessel is an enemy, the torpedo is fired. At close range, they seldom miss. Each shot costs about $8000.
The torpedo is propelled through |,
the ‘water by a turbine and has a rudder which will guide it in an arc of at least 90 degrees. Thus, a torpedo may be fired from a submarine lying parallel to its victim. Torpedoes usually are loaded with T. N. T. or cordite, set to explode
after the torpedo has drilled a hole
into the boat, not on first contact. Torpedoes can travel five, or six miles. The 750-ton submarine mounts six 21-inch torpedo tubes, four in the nose and two in the tail. The 500tonner has five tubes, four in front and one aft; and the coastal boat carries three tubes, two in front and one in back. Methods of detecting submarines are still largely undependable. Airplanes can find an underwater boat only if the sea is not too murky, if the weather is clear and if the rays of the sun are not refracted at deceiving angles.
DOMINIONS TO BACK ENGLAND WITH MEN
LONDON, Sept. 29 (U. P.).—British dominjons are preparing to enter the war against Germany with men and arms, a check disclosed today. Australia has promised Great Britain’s four bombers and two fighter squadrons with 150 pilots, 250 crew members, 150 administrative officials and enough ground crew to bring the total to 3000 men. The nation also is raising an overseas force. New Zealand is raising one division and Canada two, along with an indefinite numbery of airplane pilots. India’ already has sent troops to Egypt. The total is believed more than 7000. It was said they would be used to reinforce British posts in the east. South Africa has decided to send no assistance abroad.
Votes Since '94, Now a Citizen
DECATUR, IND, sept. 29 (U. P.) —Ernest Ehrsam, 76, of Pleasant Mills, came to the United States from Switzerland in 1884. He has been voting sihce 1894. Today he has his citizenship papers.Mr. Ehrsam filed his declaration of intentions in 1894, he told the court here, and believed that made him a citizen. He said he had even served on a jury in 1917. After hearing his testimony and that of a Government agent, Judge Fred Fruchte granted Mr. Ehrsam full citizenship.
OWL BRAVES WORLD - SANTA CRUZ, Cal. Sept. 29 (U. P.).—Ben Black figures that Ozzie, his pet horned owl, now AWOL is geng to have a hard time learning to forage for himself. Ozzie was captured nine years ago before he had ever had a chance to learn -the owl system of self-sufficiency. But a dog’s bark frightened him and he winged away into the dusk and didn’t come back.
End DePauw Open House, Now Everybody's Happy
Times Special GREENCASTLE, Ind., Sept. 20.— Tonight la worn and time-honored custom will end on the DePauw campus. The students decided to dispense with it.
Sons ‘and daughters of DePauw for years have enjoyed the quaint custom of Open House. In the good old days every man on the campus filed through every women’s residence house with his organization and met every woman on the campus. The women were hospitable, in a tired sort of a way, and the men were bored, in a complete sort of a way, Pan-Hellenic, the intersorority council, and the fraternities voted to abolish it this year. No more will every man on the
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60 MILES OF RECORD
NEW ORLEANS, Sept. 29 (U. P.). —Henry ‘B. Chapman, New Orleans aviator, landed at Appomattox, Va. ‘| last night after coming within 60 miles of breaking the world’s distance record for light seaplanes. Unfavorable: weather which delayed him here several days before his takeoff for New York yesterday caused him to abandon his
1150-mile flight. Completion of the
flight would have added more than 250 miles to the present record for light seaplanes.
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8) W SPRIT,
‘REPORTER SAYS
2 Gity Asked Armistice only
After It- Was Burned to Crisp, He Claims.
(W. A. Besterman, United Press Correspondent at Warsaw for the past. 12. years, arrived in Paris Thursday after a trip from Poland by way of Rumania, Jugoslavia and Italy. In the following dispatch ‘he discusses one of the fiercest sieges of modern military history.)
By Ww. ‘A. BESTERMAN United Press Staff Correspondent: PARIS, Sept. 20.—Warsaw fell to German air superiority, not to the Gerrhan Army.
bombs and shells, reservoirs had been pierced and emptied by shells, helpless against spreading flames, Warsaw asked for an armistice.
example, to withstand two years of siege. Vistula No Barricade
the south bank of the river and from the northeast along the north bank. Heavy German artillery shelling
on the first day of the ‘siege. But the worst front was the “sky front”
bardment. After the siege began it was evi-
for a retreat from Warsaw—to the southeast toward Lublin. Along that road day and night a countless stream of automobiles flowed with bankers, politicians, foreign diplomats, journalists and Polish government officials. In fact, during the evacuation, gasoline became extremely scarce because most of it was requisitioned for the army. Within 10 days after the siege began, gasoline cost about $75 a gallon. Those who had autos but no gasoline left Warsaw on foot. I estimate the number of persons who left flaming Warsaw before the Germans completed encirclement of the city at 30,000. Most of them were young Jews who feared the thought of German concentration camps.
Apartments Evacuated
Those who remained behind — Warsdw’s normal population is 1,300,000—lived for three weeks in cellars or trenches dug around the city. It. was impossible to live in apartments after the fourth day of the siege.
the suburbs rather than in the city proper, mainly because tanks; could be operated in the suburbs but were held up by barricades inside the city. In the final phases of th® fighting the tanks were useless. The terrific toll of explosive shells and aerial bombs finally caused Warsaw to submit. If the destruction continued at the same rate as during the days I was there, it is evident to anyone who knows Warsaw that the city virtually has ceased to exist. In trying to invade the city, the ‘German tank corps met unexpected opposition in the Ghetto where desperate Jews armed with revolvers approached the enemy tanks firing point blank into the tank periscopes. U. S. Consul William C. Cramp stayed in Warsaw, as he did in Addis Ababa three years ago, to save the lives of Americans and docu-
ments of the U. S. legation there.
Blasted to cinders, more than half | burned to the ground by incendiary |: thirsty after |;
Warsaw was built on a completely |: unprotected plan, wide open to at-|: tack with none of the-geographicaly: features which enabled Verdun, for |:
Even the Vistula does not consti]: tute a barricade, because from the: first day of war, German armies ap- | proached Warsaw from three sides |: —from the west and southwest on|:
began from both sides of the river]: from which fell a continuous bom- |
dent that only one route was open| ;
The actual fighting took place in|
: ——— ; States seven a the 19 years NEW rs ard (@. P).—|Was believed in exile in: Ge The court-martial of Grover Cleve- Imafieration “thi oh a land Bergdoll, ~Philadelphia ‘World | ‘Benn “—the name (War draft dodget, was. in adjourn- Beteqon bs gh as in ment today until next Wednesday. instead of the seven years cle "Yesterday, the ‘prosecution pro- by the defense.
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