Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 June 1939 — Page 11

TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1939

SECOND SECTION |

Hoosier Vagabond

NEW YORK, June 6.—Good old New York. This moming I was eating breakfast in Childs. When 1 finished, I started to roll a cigaret. Some old guy two tables away called over and said, ‘Can you roll ‘em with one hand?” I told him I could once upon : a time, but hadn't kept in practice. He said that 40 years ago in Texas he could rll 'em with one hand, but now he couldnt do it with both hands. He was a New Yorker—born here, lives here now. But in his vouth he took a flier into the West, hunting adventure. And, according to him, he found it. He sat and shouted loudly across the tables of Childs restaurant, shouted tales of rattlesnakes and gunmen and Mexjcans and such things. All the other people stopped eating, to listen and smile. New Yorkers don't usually start conversations with strangers He kept repeating that the theme of the Old West was “mind your own business.” The irony of that tickled me, for that was exactly what he wasn't doing The New Yorkers sat and smirked. But I didn't mind listening, for IT know what it is when a man has an old nostalgia for the long silent spaces ‘of the West, 5 on 8

A ‘Successful Day’ It isn’t just us outlanders who worry about pickpockets and pin our money to ‘our underwear when we get in New York. The New Yorkers worry about it, too. The other evening, at the Fair, I overheard two young couples talking. From something they said, I could tell they were New Yorkers. And one of them laughed and remarked

“Well, the day's a success. I've still got my wallet.”

Our Town

Of all the things the kids of Indianapolis ever had to put up with, the passage of the curfew ordinance in the late Nineties was the worst There was no demand for it and no agitation in its favor until Col. Hoagland who was not a citizen visited Indianapolis and succeeded, by personal work and public addresses, in ‘creating a sentiment which the Common Council and Mayor Taggart felt bound to respect—for reasons which remain a mystery to this day. The unbelievable achievement showed the possession of rare faculties of persuasion on the part of Col. Hoagland, and the least I can do today is to credit him with sincerity of purpose and sel{-sacrific-ing devotion to the cause so near his heart. Beyond that I don't care to throw any more bouquets in the Colonel's direction. What's more, I don't propose to. As near as I recall, the big idea back of the curfew law was to clear the streets of Indianapolis of all Bovs under the age of 15 Hv 8 o'clock every night, as flagrant a violation of our inalienable rights as this town has ever seen » © 4

Plainly Unconstitutional

Before Col. Hoagland blew inte town with hs nefarious scheme, the bovs of Indianapolis enjoyed playing on the streets until 9 o'clock, ana sometimes later when the moon was accommodating. At any rate, an hour later than Col. Hoagland thought necessary To be sure, the loss of an hour a day doesn’t seem like much in a bav's life, but when you translate it inte arithmetical terms and multiply it by the number of davs in a vear, vou begin to realize what Col Hoaceland was up to. Not to mince words, he had in heart to deprive the kids of Indianapolis of 15 days of liberty—every year, mind you.

his

Washington

WASHINGTON, June 6.—Tt is likely that the Mead bill, which provides Government insurance for bank loans to small business, will be passed at this Congress. This measure would extend Government activity into a large new sphere. While not sensational in form, it is of large significance. In substance although not m form, it ventures close to pro=viding ‘Government capital for private business Direct proposals for such use of Government capital to finance private activity are being discussed among New Dealers, and the need for this was argued before the O'Mahoney Temporary National Economic Committee by Adolf Berle Jr. Definite proposals for legislation are likely 0 wait until next winter, leaving the field clear at his session for Senator Mead's insured-loan bill. The Mead bill provides simply that the RFC may insure loans made by banks to small Business. Imsurance would not cover the first 10 per cent of the loan, that being left on the banker's neck to induce him to observe sound banking judgment. The Government would insure tiie remaining 90 per cent. An insurance fee of one-fourth of 1 per cent up to 1 per cent a year would be charged and the bank must not charge more than 4 per cent interest in addition to the insurance fee,

session of

» ” 5 Liquidity Is Assured

Loans conld be made for periods of one to 10 vears and up to $1,000,000 in amount. However, the RFC would be given broad discretion in fixing regulations to prevent banks from abusing the Government credit facilities by passing over only sour loans. Loans would be eligible for rediscount at Federal Reserve

My Day

HYDE PARK, N. Y,, Monday —Now I must report to you, oh, gentle reader, that we have spent a very peaceful week-end in the country and I have had mv first swim of the year out of doors. It was cool. but invigorating, and sitting in the sun afterward was very pleasant. I am hoping very much that the King and Queen may like to swim. I am sure they like to walk, for all the English people I have ever known enjoy that exercise and really know how to walk, not saunter. So far, our woods are fairly free from mosquitces and flies, so it would be pleasant to return to the Sunday afternoon pastime of my child hood and take a long walk, ending up with a swim. Perhaps, neither the King of England nor Queen Elizabeth enjoy swimming, for I haven't seen a mention of it in any of the stories written about their trip I rather hope that is because Canada what colder than the United States. The particular lakes where they have been resting must still be somewhat glacier-like. I remember swimming one summer in the St. Lawrence River, when my husband was Governor of New York and we were going from one canal to another along the river. It was very chilly amusement even in midsummer. If all the people who wish to send gifts to the

is some-

By Ernie Pyle

Went up in the Empire State Building tower yesterday for the first time in my life. Mrs. Julia Chandler is the manager. She's not only the manager, but she's sort of Al Smith's all-around left hand. She took me up free, and I forgot to ask how much it costs. But for you who come to New York for the first time to see the Fair, I wouldn't miss going to the top of this world's tallest building. You have to change ‘elevators three times on the way up. Ofice you get there, you're in a big circular room, looking out through heavy glass windows. The wind can't get to you. And, since you're all inclosed, vou don’t have that “falling over” feeling that makes looking down from high places a terror for me. I've flown over New York many times in airplanes.

But never from an airplane do you have the mag- | nificent view of New York that you get from this |

tower. * % Nn

The World at Your Feet

You can see the World Fair Grounds from there. And way over into Jersey. Well, you can just see everything, There's no use going into detail. You see it all. You know how tourists are always writing or scratching their names on public places. Well, for some reason, the interior of the tower is remarkably free from that. have trouble with—and those are into the glass with diamond rings. One of them said “Hitler Is King of U. S. A.” the best . . .” Tt wasn't finished. Ever so often they have to put in a new pane, because the Hitler-

lovers have carved the windows all up with their |

diamonds. It burns Mrs. Chandler up.

Well, that's all I know about New York. So if

vou will now pardon me, I'll leave the great city to |

get along as best it ‘can, and rattle out to Indiana and visit my folks a few days. Everybody out there's

going to ask the very first thing, “Well, Ernest. just | Pylon and Hemisphere anyway?” I |

what is that hope I ‘can remember,

By Anton Scherrer

The thing was so preposterous, 0 at variance with | the Declaration of Tndependence and everything else |

we had been brought up on, that everybody thought it a joke when the Council passed the law.

going to enforce the law. Not right away, of course,

but in a week or so in order to give the children (and | their parents, he added) a chance to get acquainted |

with the new law. In the ineantime the police were merely to ques-

tion the children and occasionally escort them home, | the | I guess I forgot to say that it was also |

in case they found them on the streets after whistle blew. part of Col. Hoagland's scheme to announce the hour of curfew by means of ear-splitting whistles all over | town. » & & Triumph for Justice It was during the week of probation, I remember, | that the police ran into a number of snags. One evening, for instance, wlien the choir boys of St Paul's Church were coming home from practice, every one was nabbed by the police. It was a terrible mess and there's no telling how the thing would have ended had not somebody connected with St. Paul's come forth with the suggestion that the choir boys wear special badges on choir practice night. The police granted the request, only to discover | that they had to do the same thing for the Boys | Club, the Boys Brigade, the Christian Endeavor So- | ciety, the Epworth League and, believe it or not, the Y. W.C. A. It wasn't until then that people around | here woke up to the fact that the curfew law governed the behavior of girls as well as boys. Well, the granting of badges was like a gift from Heaven—the very loophole the kids of Indianapolis had been waiting for. They joined every organization in sight, with the result that some kids had seven

badges—omne for every night of the week—enough to |

thumb their nose at Col. Heagland's curfew law,

By Raymond Clapper

Banks paper, Strongest arguments in behalf center around the difficulties of obtaining business loans in amounts under $1,000,000, and for periods of more than one year, sums can float securities. can obtain 90-day loans.

thus Insuring liquidity for banks on this

Small businesses usually But

surance, coupled with rediscount privilege to insure banks against a frozen position, is believed by sup-

porters of the bill to offer an inducement to banks to |

make such loans.

One important question raised is whether this does | not involve a good deal of risk for the Government. |

Two answers are made > & &

The Question of Risk

First, figures are cited to indicate that the Goveinment has been, on the whole, a suceassfil Through loan agencies the Government is in

two show deficits—the Home Owners Loan Corp. and the Regional Agricultural Cradit Cor.

The second answer to the question of risk concerns | the danger of losses through business failures. Arthur | D. Whiteside, president of Dun & Bradstreet, recently !

testified before the T. N. E. C. that 30 firms liquidate and pay their debts to one that fails: and of this last, |

not more than 10 per cent are swindlers in the legal sense

His figures show that out of 1000 business concerns, on the average 250 have gone out of business | at the end of the second vear, 120 at the end of Hve | years and 630 at the end of 10 vears—but that of these | 30 to one have liquidated voluntarily and have not |

failed.

By Eleanor Roosevelt

King and Queen succeed, I think it ship to carry these gifts home. In self-defense we have had to say that everything has to be sent to the British Embassy. 1 imagine there is a policy of long standing which forces them to y from personal friends. ant gesture and I think our royal visitor will appreciate the kindly feeling which goes with every proferred gift, whether it is large or small. » ” ” When I read my brother's book not long ago, I was fascinated by all the various trips made by our ancestors. Some of us still have their spirit, for this morning I received a letter from Leila Roosevelt Denis, mailed in Belgium where she and her husband have just had an opportunity of showing the picture "Dark Rapture,” which they made on their last trip, to His Majesty King Leopold and Queen Dowager Elizabeth of the Belgians. Mus. Denis casually mentions that she is leaving with her husband for London and from there departing the following day by plane for Rangoon. This trip, if weather conditions are favorable, will take four days, whereas she once struggled seven months to accomplish it. From her account, King Leopold and the President were particularly amused by the same scene in “Dark Rapture’—that fishing scene where the method of fishing is to use a basket. I look forward to seeing the film which will be made on this next trip.

There is just one type of person they | the Hitler-lovers! | On two different windows, people have cut deep |

The other said “Hitler is |

Tt stopped | being funny, though, when we picked up the paper | one day and learned that Chief of Police Quigley was |

of the measure |

Large businesses needing huge |

: the moderate-sized | loan covering several years is hard to get, so the | testimony generally has indicated. Government in- |

Will take an extra |

accept gifts only | It is, however, a very pleas- |

Gulf Stream

Proves Ri ddle

(Some of the greatest mysteries of the world lie beneath the restless waves of the sea. In a series of articles, of whieh this 1s the first, David Dietz, SerippsHoward science editor, just returned from Bermuda, tells of the amazing nresearch beima pursvwed at the Bermuda Biological Sta-

tion.) 2 ” »

By David Dietz

Scripps-Howard Science Editor

RACTICALLY everyone knows that the Gulf Stream is a river of warm salt water arising in the Gulf of Mexico and flowing out through the Straits of Florida northeastward across the Atlantic to the British Isles and the continent of Europe. Likewise, practically everyone knows that the Gulf Stream accounts for the climate of western Europe and that if we ever got ‘mad’ at the nations across the Atlantic all we would have to do is to dam up the Straits of Florida, whereupon the ice would again creep down from the north, burying Europe in another Glacial Age. There is, however, a small group of persons who don't know the foregoing “facts.” It is a very small group. But, unfortunately, it consists of the scientists who are devoting their lives to studying the Gulf Stream. They are not certain what the Gulf Stream is or what it does. There is only one thing that they are certain of namely, that all the geography books are going to have to change the passages deal= ing with the Gulf Stream. Their investigations todate have proved that the Gulf Stream is not a river of warm water, The warmth is all on top. The great body of the Gulf Stream is cold. They are not certain whether or not the Gulf Stream fluctuates in strength from year to year. But if it does, its effect may be just the opposite to what most people suppose. The popular idea is that when the Gulf Stream gets stronger, it carries more warm water to Europe, giving Europe a warm spell. The scientists are now beginning to think that a stronger Guif Stream would mean a colder Europe, ” y 5 N the hopes that positive answers can be given to questions about the Gulf Stream, an intensive co-operative program of broad scope has been launched by the scientists of America and Great Britain. Heading the American half of the venture is the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution of Woods Hole, Mass. The British half is under the auspices of the Bermuda Oceanographical Committee of the Royal Society of London. This committee persuaded the British Govern= ment to furnish funds to increase the staff of the Bermuda Biological Station and to provide the station with an 83-foot vacht, the Culver, specially equipped for scientific research in the Gulf Stream. The successful culmination of this research program will do more than satisfy scientific euriosity. It will be of vast practical importance to the world of comsmerce and industry. As Prof. Columbus Iselin of Harvard Univarsity, physical oceanographer of the Woods Hole Institute and president of the Bermuda Biological Station, points out, a solution of the Gulf Stream problem would pave the way for a general understanding of the circulation of the oceans. This information would be of immense value to the fishing industry. It might also lead to satisfactory

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—What is the name for an eruptive thermal spring? 2-—-What is the present title of former King Edward VIII? 3-—Should fMuit cocktails be eaten with a fork or a spoon? 4—Ts the bite of a King snake poisonous? 5-—-Which of the elements that compose the world is most abundant in proportion to the whole? 6—Of which country is Lord Tweedsmuir the Governor General? 7—What is the name of the alloy of copper and tin?

» » ” Answers

1—Geyser. 2—-Duke of Windsor, 3-—Spoon. 4-—-No. 5--0Oxygen. 6—Dominion of Canada. T—Bronze.

ASK THE TIMES

Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times Washington Service Bureau, 1013 13th St, N. W., Washington, D. C. Legal and medical advice cannot be given nor can extended research be wundertaken.

methods of long-range weather forecasting, an achievement which would be worth millions of dollars to agriculture and other indus= tries. It is now known that changes in oceanic circulation have, on oc¢=casion, affected the fisheries of Great Britain, Prof. Iselin says. But what part the Gulf Stream played in the process is not yet known. Since Bermuda has been made the “field headquarters” for the campaign agauast the Gulf Stream, I journeved to the island to find out what progress was being made in this and related researches in problems of the ocean. Because “cruise” ships are accustomed to go from New York to Bermuda, then go on to Nassau, Havana, etc, many people are accustomed to thinking of Ber= muda as near, or even in, the West Indies. That is not at all the case.

» » ”

ERMUDA is 666 miles south= west of the West Indies. It another 759 miles irom Rermuda to the nearest of the West Indies. The point of land nearest to Bermuda is Cape Hatteras, on the coast of North Carolina, 568 miles away. As the great naturalist, Agassiz, once observed, Bermuda is like a ship anchored at sea. It is a ship anchored in a most convenient spot for the study of the Gulf Stream, for that “river” of the ocean flows to the west and northwest of the island, between it and the coast of America Dr. J. F. G. Wheeler, who spent many vears of his life in scientific research in the Antarctic, is the director of the Bermuda Biologi=cal Station. The Gulf Stream observations are being conducted by Dr. E. F. Thompson. I found Dr. Thompson in his laboratory at the station. New Zealand-born, Dr. Thompson is the holder of two doctorates, one from the University of New Zea-

is still

Dr. E. F. Thompson, bearded scientist of the Bermuda Biologi= cal Station, is shown here making a « hemi al tect upon a sams ple of water brought back from the Gulf Stream by the sciens tific yacht, the Culver land, the other froin the University of Cambridge, England. Tall, thin, and heavily bearded, dressed in sweater and slacks with his shirt open at the throat, Dr. Thompson looked exactly the way one would expect a scientist-ex-plorer to look. As I entered the room, he was seated before a chemical apparatus, watching a thin trickle of fluid as it ran from a measuring burette into a beaker of water. Around him were more pieces of apparatus, flasks of chemicals and a couple dozen tightly corked bottles of water. “Here's some of the Gulf Stream now,” Dr. Thompson said, pointing to the beaker in front of him. “There's more of it in some of those bottles,” he continued, indicating the collection on the laboratory table with a wave of his hand. “The immediate job is to find out which ones.”

HE bottles represent samples brought back by the station's yacht, the Culver. Once a week the Culver sails out from Bermuda, going at right angles to the path of the Gulf Stream. At the end of a cable it rails an ingenious device containing a wae ter bottle and recording thermomneter, A weight, permitted to slide down the cable at the right moment, trips a shutter which closes the bottle and indicates the thermometer reading at the time The samples of water are then brought back to the laboratory with a careful record of the spot at which each sample was taken, the depth and the temperature. Then it is Dr. Thompson's task

Side Glances—By Galbraith

to determine the salinity of each sample. From the salinity and the temperature, he is then able to calculate the density, “Since the density of the Gulf Stream differs from that of the surrounding ocean,” he explains, “I then Know whether the sample came from the stream or outs side it, “In this way we are determining the boundaries of the stream and whether or not they fluctuate.” It is by such slow, laborious, and painstaking methods that Dr. Thompson and the other scientists engaged in the study hope to obtain their results. While the Culver is collecting samples of the Gulf stream off Bermuda, similar studies are being made off the American coast by the Atlantis, the official research vessel of the Woods Hole Institute, The eventual analysis of the two sets of observations, it is hoped, will answer many of the questions now unanswered.

“When the Gulf Stream leaves the Straits of Florida it is about 15 miles wide, from a quarter to a half-mile deep, and moving with a speed of about four miles an hour,” Dr. Thompson told me. “As it moves forward, it becomes wider and deeper, but at the same time begins to move more slowly, By the time it is opposite Bermuda it is about 30 miles wide. “The warmth of the Julf Stream water, so often commented upon, is confined to the upper portion of the stream. Our observations show that the warm water forms a sort of trough upon the Gulf Stream. The bottom of the trough is semicircular so that the warm water is extremely shallow at the edges of the stream and deepest at the middle line of the stream. At its deepest point the warm water is about 100 feet deep.

i HE rest of the stream, which goes down to a depth of about 2500 feet, consists of cold water. It will be seen, therefore, that by far the greater portion of

the Gulf Stream consists of cold water and not warm water.” Regarding the action of the Gulf Stream, Dr. Thompson points out that the stream divides the cold waters of the north Atlantic from the warmer waters of the so-called Sargasso Sea, that great portion of the Atlantic covered with drifting seaweed first de scribed by Christopher Columbus, “The old idea was that the Gulf Stream, when it became stronger, carried more warm water to the region of Europe,” Dr. Thompson continued, “We know that the Gulf Stream is mostly cold and not warm water, “It may be, therefore, that the chief function of the Gulf Stream is to keep the warm waters of the Sargasso Sea from drifting northe ward. According to this view, Eu=rope would be warmer when the Gulf Stream was weak, since then more of the Sargasso Sea would get northward. “The effect of an increase in the Gulf Stream would be to drive the warm waters back, resulting in colder weather for Europe.” Due to the rotation of the earth, when an ocean current in the northern hemisphere increases in strength, the sea surface must fall on its left-hand side and rise on the right-hand side. For this reason, a tide gauge has been in=stalled at Bermuda. It reads higher than similar gauges on the American side of the Gulf Stream. “Once we have correlated the tide gauge reading with our same pling tests,” Dr. Thompson said, “we will be able to dispense with the sampling and depend entirely upon the tide gauge to inform us of fluctuations in the Gulf Stream. But it will take several years’ work before we will know enough about the subject to interpret the readings correctly.” NEXT-~The moon and a Bermuda prawn, a mystery story of modern science,

Everyday Movies—By Wortman

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