Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 April 1939 — Page 9

Second Section

Imes

: Vagabond

"From Indiana — Ernie Pyle

The Indianapolis

SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1939

Entered wf Second-Cluss Matter at Postoffice, Indfansvolis, Ind.

PAGE 9°

Lottery Scheme Used in Last of

Unique Ship Nears Completion

Earths Magnetism to Be Studied by British Nonmagnetic Craft

Oklahoma Openings and Soon After The Indian Country Became a State.

KLAHOMA CITY, April 29.—Tn the 17 vears between 1889 and 1906, there were 11 land “openings” in Oklahoma. Ha of what is now the State of Oklahoma was thus colonized. The “openings” were not all alike. The first four were “nuns,” where thousands actually lined up and raced into the new territory. Others were merely legislative acts, legalizing land already occupied. Some were so small that few settlers bothered with them. And one was a straight auction, where 2500 farms were sold to the highest bidder. The last of the famous “Openings” was in 1901. There were four million acres to be homesteaded— the old reservations of the Kiowa, Comanche, Wichita and Caddo Indians. The homesteads were drawn by number, in lottery fashion. In fact, the opening is known as the “El Reno Lottery.” Mr. Pyle More than 165,000 people came into the town of El Reno in ‘the month preceding the lottery, and left their names in sealed and numbered envelopes. Only 13,000 drew lucky numbers and homesteads, but it turned out much more satisfactorily than the “runs.” When the first “run” was made in 1889, all of what is now Oklahoma was then called “Western Territory” or ‘Indian Country” or even “Oklahoma.”

In 1890, the Government decided to divide this new | land that was being homesteaded from the country |

still reserved for the “Five Civilized Tribes.” So the west and north part became officially “Ok- | lahoma Territory,” and the south and east part, “Indian Territory.” Now what happened to the “Indian Territory” after 18007 Why did it cease to exist, and what became of the Indians? Even before the land openings, thousands of white &men had settled on Indian land. Sometimes they were welcomed and even made members of the Indian tribes. Often they married Indian women.

The Cry for Statehood

Tn 1893, there were 75,000 Indians in their own Territory and 150,000 “intruders,” as they were called. By 1900 there were 400,000 “intruders.” The whites built towns, farmed the land, set up as merchants and became a solid part of the Indian’s life. A commission made a study. The Indians were given homesteads as individuals. And in addition, considerable areas which had mineral and oil resources were set aside for the Indians as tribes.

Steadily, after 1900, the cry arose for Oklahoma statehood. The two Territories—Indian and Oklahoma—sought separately, and it seemed there would be two states, if any. But gradually the demand grew into a program for one state, combining the two. And that is finally what happened on Nov. 16, 1907. There are plenty of people left in ‘Oklahoma who took part in the “runs.” Many still farm the land they staked out in those wild, greedy dashes. Many have never seen a day's decent living in that halfcentury. Others have grown immensely wealthy from the new land and what lay under it. Most of them are living on memories, and their memories are vague. Today there is only one Indian reservation in all of Cklahoma—that of the Osages, who declined to take individual allotments.

My Day

Bv Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Broadcasting Studio Run by Lady Who Also Does the Interviewing.

VDE PARK, Friday —We were a bit hurried after | we reached Worcester, Mass. yesterday afternoon. To begin with, T was a little late in arriving. It hadn't occurred to me that I would find some ‘people waiting outside in the rain, together with several policemen, and an agitated group of ladies within the hotel doorway. Such was the case, however, but the ladies were very sweet about my tardiness. We had a hasty press conference and then, on being told that we would go to the broadcasting studio, I remembered that I still was wearing a plain blue beret and had left my hat in the car. Frantically I besought a gentleman outside my door to retrieve my hat before we started. He succeeded in doing so and 1 looked a little less like the “lady from the country.” This particular broadcasting studio is unique in ‘many ways. It is in a lovely old house and is run by a young and attractive lady. She interviewed me for 16 minutes on the radio and, when we came ‘out of the studio, several Girl Scouts had gathered at the gate, so the usual pleas for autographs began. By limiting the signatures to Girl Scouts only, we were ‘ able to proceed without too much delay and found ourselves back at the hotel with an hour and a gquarter to dress and eat our dinner.

At 8 o'clock we left and made a stop at the home for blind men on the way to the auditorium. There did not seem to be a very large group there, but I was especially interested in two men with seeing eye dogs. One man told me he had his dog for nine years and never had bumped into anyone or anything.

An Amusing Incident

One amusing incident occurred on our drive up. I had come through a town and was horribly conscious of the fact that I had driven in a stupid fashion and stalled my car at a cross-section, but 1 did not think I had done anything wrong. Suddenly, a red car driven by soméone in uniform sh:t ‘past me. Tt pulled up in front of me amd the driver waved me to stop. My heart sank and 1 thought: “Well, T unconsciously ran through & red light in New Haven once, 1 have ‘probably done the same thing here.” 1 prepared myself for a humble apology. Instead, a very agreeable gentleman came up to me and said: “I was sitting on the fire truck when you went by and told the boys I knew it was the President's wife. I thought it was better to catch up and find out than to be sorry afterwards.” I signed an autograph and went on my way ‘much relieved. We left the hotel this morning at 7 o'clock and if the sun had shone, I could say we had a perfect trip. But, even now, the sun is still hidden behind the clouds and the trees still look like November instead of the end of April.

Day-by-Day Science

‘By Science Service Woot is the cheapest and most important raw : material on earth? Coal? Wrong. Wood? Wrong again. Water? That's cheap enough, but there is something more useful and less expensive. Air, the stuff we breathe. That is the world’s ‘cheapest raw material. Yet a mere 200 years ago it was believed that ‘things that burned gave up a substance, phlogiston, whereas almost every kindergartener knows now that oxygen from air is added in combustion. Not until ‘the closing decade of last century was the last 1 per cent of the air’s composition explored, but today, the rare gases, neon and argon, are used in large quantity to fill electric lamps. Nitrogen, 81 per cent of the air’s volume, is one ‘of the most essential elements. Oxygen, too, is extravagantly abundant. There is ‘an enormous consumption of oxygen by the breathing of human beings, animals, etc, and the daily burning of wood, coal and petroleum. Fortunately vegetation can convert the resulting carbon dioxide

By Leonard H. Engel

Science Service Staff Writer ASHINGTON, April 29.

=n a ‘quiet reach ‘of the River Dart in Devon, England, the most unusual ship in the world is now rapidly taking shape. It is the Royal Research Ship Research, half a million dollars’ worth of sailing vessel which is to set out next year on a series of voyages which will both make maritime history and advance man’s knowledge of the earth on which he lives. : The R. R. S. Research will conduct surveys ‘of variations in ‘the magnetic field surrounding ‘the earth, and thereby aid every man, whether aboard ship or airplane, who has to steer by magnetic | ‘compass, Because study of magnetic variations ‘is its prime ‘purpose, as little magnetic steel and iron as possible have been built into it. Thus, navel architecture has taken a seeming step backward, returning from an era of steam and Diesel power to sail, to ‘enable a scientific stride forward. There ‘is nothing like the Research today, for the trim brig-antine-rigged craft replaces its only predecessor, the American ship “Carnegie,” which blew up and burned off Samoa 10 years ago. Since research is the new vessel's ‘purpose, its construction has been marked by international participation and the results of her voyages will be available to all. The services of W. J. Peters, former commander of the “Carnegie,” which was operated by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, for example, have been

loaned to the British Admiralty, which is building the Research.

8 2 »

Y ‘using often expensive and ‘ingeniously contrived substitutes, the naval s&rchitects who have designed the Research have been able to dispense with all but 700 pounds of magnetic metal on the vessel. And this small amount, a tiny fraction of the 600,000 pounds of metal on the ship, is | confined ‘principally to the auxiliary engines and dynamo.

Crew ‘members, who, with four scientists aboard, will number 31, will ‘not even be permitted to carry steel pocket knives. The cables, anchor and all bolts are of bronze. Cooking utensils will be of aluminum. Fond will be packed in bottles or cartons; no packing cases will be allowed, in order to make sure there are no stray packing case nails affecting the accuracy of the studies. Special squads of ‘men have, in fact, been detailed to watch carefully over the boat's construction to make sure no iron sweepings are left. Rust is carefully scraped out of holes drilled to receive bronze rivets costing a dime apiece before the rivets are driven home. The hull is of teak, famous heavy wood of the tropical Far East. Ancient arts, such as caulking with oakum, to seal the spaces between planks, have been revived in the construction of the Research.

=” 2

UEL oil for the Diesel motor which will give the Research &

2000-mile cruising range at a speed of six knots will be carried in bronze tanks. Other liquid supplies will be contained in teak. A special ‘crankshaft of nonmagnetic steel had to be designed for the Diesel engine. The reason ‘underlying the expensive forethought that has gone into the two-masted ship's construction is the fact that the earth’s magnetic pole does not coincide with the North Pole, and that it is slowly shifting. Now located in western ‘Canada inside the Arctic Circle, it was once much farther east. In order that navigation be accurate, detailed studies of how the compass reads

Skilled ‘craftsmen revive an @ncient art

by pounding in strands

of ‘oakum, later ‘to be sealed with ‘tar, to ‘make the R. R. S. Research

hull ‘watertight. iron ‘men” are not coming back .

The hull is of teak.

The ‘days of “wooden ships and . + the men ‘can’t be ‘iron on ‘this

boat. ‘Crew ‘members won't even have steel buttons or knives,

at ‘different points must be carried out. In ‘order that they be accurate, no magnetic material can be ‘permitted nearby as it would interfere with the readings. A wealth of special scientific equipment is to be carried aboard the Research. Besides ‘its 'magnetic variation studies, it will be equipped for investigating atmospheric ‘electricity, meteorology and ocean soundings. + Nearly 10,000 cubic feet of teak have gone into the ‘making ‘of the hull in the yards ‘of Philip & Son at Dartmouth. A special ‘order had to be sent to Burma for some of the woods used. The two mainmasters are to be ‘of Columbian pine. Bronze is being used for the framework and ‘propeller and aluminum bronze for the windlass and winches, standing rigging and other essenvial parts. The rivets ih particular proved an expensive problem. Each hole had to be drilled; if steel were used, 20 rivet holes could have been puncned in the time taken to drill the hole for one rivet.

HOUGH ‘iron has been ‘eliminated from bath fittings in every other respect—by installing ‘enameled teak tubs, for example—the designers did fin. one steel ‘part ‘they have been unable to ‘eliminate—razor blades. But crew ‘members, as well ‘as not being ‘permitted to have steel knives, will not be allowed steel buttons on their clothing. The scientists and ‘others who must keep ‘records will have to use brass ‘paper clips ‘instead of the ‘more familiar steel wire type. One or two chisels and a saw will have to be steel, but they will be stowed as far away from “the instruments as possible. The Research will indeed 'piok up ‘where the Carnegie had to leave off, for its first voyage will be to the Indian ‘Ocean, where the ill-fated American vessel was to have gone in 1930, the year following ‘its ‘unforeseen disastrous end. Already, the Research's captain, ‘Comm. D. H. Fryer, is getting ready for his ‘novel duties by taking & long voyage on ‘one of the few remaining sailing ships in service.

Laying planking woross a framework of copper and bronze. Only 700 pounds of ‘the 600,000 pounds of metal on the vessel will be iron

or magnetic steel.

Cables and anchor, for example, are of bronze.

Bronze rivets cost ‘more than a dime apiece, bronze bolts for planking

about 62 cents each.

First nonmagnetio ship, the

sailing vessel Carnegie, of the Car-

negie Institution of Washington, was lost in 1929 off Somoa following

an explosion and fire.

Proposed Boost in NYA Funds Would Provide Assistance to 500,000 More Youngsters

By Bruce Catton

ASHINGTON, April 20 (NEA). —Uncle Sam is spending $75,000,000 on the National Youth Administration in the current fiscal

year. Right now Congress is being asked to ‘make it $125,000,000 for next year. And if you want to know why the increase is being asked, Aubrey Williams will be glad to tell you. Mr. Williams is administrator of the NYA, and as such, has charge of the program by which the Federal Government is extending a helping hand to some 650,000 American young people. Sometimes the helping hand consists in keeping a boy or girl in high school; sometimes, in enabling a bright youngster to go on to college; sometimes, in giving him a bit of a job, a little money to put in his pockets, and a chance to find out what he tants to ‘do in the world and how he can fit himself to do it. But although ‘this is being done for 650,000 youngsters, Mr. Williams feels that the NYA has hardly scratched the surface. “We have done no more than take the ‘most obvious and desperate cases,” he says. “We take about one out of four, or even one out of six

of something in the way of ocoupation, money in their pockets, and a feeling that they're going somewhere.”

” ” ” A LTOGETHER, Mr. Williams figures there are between four and five million Americans between the ages of 16 and 24 who need that sort ‘of help. “We have no hope of reaching all those people,” he admits. “If we get that extra 50 ‘million dollars, we could add around 500,000 youngsters, and give them some form of constructive activity and a chance to earn a small amount of money.” A little money goes quite a way in this business. NYA is ‘today keeping some 275,000 boys and girls in high school, at an average cost of about $5 a month apiece. Tt is keeping 125,000 in college, at an

apiece, And it is spending about $250 a year per capita to keep 250,000 youths busy on its work projects. Is all of this worth what it costs? Well, for one thing it is enabling 400,000 youngsters to continue their reducation. It is giving a quarter of a ‘million more the experience hy which, later on, they can get jobs and become self-sustaining. The ‘material it is working with is pretty high grade, too. Currently, for instance, 88 per cent of the NYA students are among the topranking students in their respective schools. » ® w

ERHAPS it is a general recogni

tion of that fact that has spared the NYA ‘much of the criticism that

is visited on so ‘many other New

Planes Use New Type Engine

By Science Service LONDON, April 29.-American engineers will get a chance this summer for first hand inspection of an outstanding British airplane en-

gine development, based partly on early American patents never sys-

or seven, of the youngsters who|tematically exploited in the United

come to us. These others whom we can’t take are just as ‘much in need

Side Glances

back into oxygen and thus restore the atmospheric balance, For every breathing human being, exhaling at the rate of three pounds of carbon dioxide & man & day, about three 200-foot trees are needed to break down the exhalations and return oxygen to the ‘atmosphere. In this lies a future danger. ‘wade of Melbourne, Australia, reminds us that reof rou by Wulilings. or even grain jie ‘carries with it danger Jpsetting Nature

>.

Dr. Russell Grim- |

States. Imperial Airways’ “beefed up”

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—Who was the first man to fly over both the North and South Poles? 2 What is & spectroscope? 3—What are the colors of the flag of Poland? 4—When it 1s 9 o'clock a. m. in New York City, what time is it in ‘Chicago? 5—What is the correct pronunciation of the word harem? 6—Do bees have eyes? * 7—Of which U. S. territory is Juneau the capital?

* wow Answers

1—Richard E. Byrd. 2-~An instrutnent designed to in vestigate the nature of the radiations emitted by various sources of light, 3—White and red. 4-Eight o'clock a. m. 5—Hay'-rem; not har’-em. 6—~They have two compound

Short Brothers flying boats earmarked for trans-Atlantic service are all equipped with Bristol sleevevalve engines, whose development has won Bristol engineer A. H. R. Fedden world-wide acclaim. The new British engines are simpler and quieter than American radial engines, for they have ho moving valve parts. Instead, holes in the cylinder sleeves serve as valves.

| average cost of around $13 a month | Deal projects. Mr. Williams likes to [tell about a recent visit to a big [Eastern university. He asked the

president of the institution to intro-

duce him to “the crustiest reaction-

ary on the faculty.” The president took Wim to a Ver-mont-born cattleman who taught in the college of agriculture, and Mr. Williams asked the man what he thought of the NYA work as he had seen it. “Well,” said the cattleman, ‘T've no use for you. 1 think you're just another Washington crackpot. 1 don't like Harry Hopkins, and every time I think of Franklin Roosevelt being trusted with a $5 bill I think, ‘God save the republic!” But I hope you keep on with the Youth Administration program.” Incidentally, Mr. Williams says that the country’s educators are the stoutest defenders the NYA has. Partly, no doubt, this is because the program has Leen kept flexible and decentralized. Some 1800 colleges and 24,000 high schools are co-operating in it. In each case, the local college or school authorities are in complete charge. They select the students and provide the work by which the students earn the money which enables them to keep in school; the NYA simply pays the bills.

Everyday Movies—By Wortman

Our Town

By Anton Scherrer

Court House Cost Ran Million Over Estimate, but Otherwise It Was As Isaac Hodgson Planned It.

QOON as I heard that they were getting ready to remodel the Court House, it occurred to me right away that now, if ever, is the time to say something about Isaac Hodgson, the architect who thought up the

building in the first place. Mr. Hodgson was an Irishman born in Belfast in 1826. It's a point worth keeping in mind because, curiously enough, most of the early architects around

here were Irishmen; at any rate, men born and bred in the British Isles. William Tinsley, for instance, the architect of lovely Christ Church, was born in Clonmel, and Joseph Curzon, the designer of the Second Presbyterian Church, came from Derbyshire, England, Frances Costigan, to be sure, was born in Washington, D. C.,, but a look at | his name betrays his antecedents. As near as I can find out, Mr, Hodgson received his education in Mr. Scherrer the parochial schools of Ireland; his professional | training at the Royal Academy of England. At the | age of 18, he was apprenticed to an architect by the | mame of Charles Lanyard where he remained three vears. 1 know practically nothing about Architect Lanyard except that he ended up as Sir Charles, Which leaves me no alternative but to believe that he was a pretty good architect, Either that, or he had a drag with Queen Victoria. In 1848, when Mr. Hodgson was 22, he sailed for America, arriving in New York. His uncle was there to meet him. Seems that his uncle was an old timer in New York, having arrived there in plenty of time to serve in the War of 1812, Young Hodgson stuck around New York for a while, after which he headed for the West, stopping long enough at Latur, Ind, to set up housekeeping. Her name was Ann Edwards, | a lady of Scotch descent.

He Was Kept Pretty Busy

Prom Decatur, young Hodgson, then somewhere around 23 years old, went to Louisville where he superintended the erection of a Government building, That done, he came straight to Indianapolis. ¥ere he found plenty to do in the way of desighing residences and business buildings. Not only here, but all over the state. Por Terre Haute, for instance, he designed the Polytechnic Institute, also the Rose Orphan Asylum. When the Civil War broke out, he was one of the busiest architects in Indianapolis. He superintended the erection of all the buildings on the Arsenal Grounds, and for all T know, he may have designed them, too. Anyway, there were eight of them, if you count the powder magazine. The main building is still standing. Tt’s the one the Tech people now use for a school office. In 1869 Isaac Hodgson tackled his magnum opus, | the Court House of Marion County. Seven years later | it was finished. Tt took three more years than he had | estimated. He underestimated the cost, too. Instead | of $500,000, the original estimate, it ran a million dol lars over. In all other respects, however, it turned out | just the way he said it would. The big tower was | exactly 200 feet high as called for hy the plans, and | the 40 or more polished red granite pillars came all | the way Trom Peterhead, Scotland, as advertiser, Originally, the tower had a bell, one of the best | around here. On a still night it could be heard all | over town. The only other sound to compare with it was the Arsenal cannon. It went off every moming a% | ® oclock and again at sunset. Tt, too, could be heard {all over town. Funny that the two sounds mosh | pleasantly associated with my boyhood should be cone | ected with Mr. Hodgson.

Jane Jordan—

Father's Remarriage Might Kezp Home Together, Girl, 16, Reminded,

EAR JANE JORDAN--I am 4a 16-year-old girl whose mother died last June. Since then our family has been quite upset. 1 am the oldest one at home and have all the work to dp besides going to school. 1 make good grades even if Iam handicapped, My father and I have never got along very well, At first dad just moped around and cried all the time, but now he goes with a woman of whom we children do not approve. We don’t care if he goes with her as long as he doesn’t marry her, Now dad is dissatisfied with his home and wants to go away and leave us. My sister is 9 and my brother 13. When mother died she also left a baby, She is now with mother’s youngest sister. Dad wants to give my 9-year-old sister to one of our uncles. My married sister wanted to take my sister and my brother providing dad would give her some money to care for them, but he says that she just wants the money. This isn’t true for her huse band doesn't make enough for all of them to live on, Dad says he doesn’t want anything to do with his children, and the other night he said he hated us. This hurts me more than all the rest, for no matter what dad does, I'll always love him. Should we prevent him from giving my sister away? WAITING FOR SOME SUNSHINE. ” ” J Answer — I am afraid that your problem is too much for me. You children need a friend who has some influence on your father also. Isn't there such a person somewhere in your family? What is the basis for your prejudice against the woman your father wants to marry? If she is a good woman she could do more than anyone else to keep your family together. You must reconcile youre self to the Tact that some day your father will marry again, 1 know that it is hard for you to accept ane other in your mother’s place, yet a suitable marriage for your father is the very best thing that could happen. You are trying to take your mother’s place at home and it can't be done. The job is too big for you, Your father needs a mature woman to come fort him in his loneliness. The right sort of woman would be a comfort to you children also. If your prospective stepmother is bad, it is the lesser of evils for you to let your sister live with her uncle, and the rest of you find shelter with other members of the family, Better a separation if it means a good home for all than to huddle together in an unhappy home. Try to see that your father has a tough problem, too. At 18 you cannot understand how desperate is his need to replace your mother. Try to be more sympathetic. As it is you're standing in the way of his doing what he wants and that is what makes him unkind. JANE JORDAN,

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan who wil} Wnswer your guestions in this column awily.

New Books Today Public Library Presents

is the Tate of classics that they shall be read alter

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