Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 March 1939 — Page 12

PAGE 12 .

—Chronolo

War ‘Ends Suddenly as Loyalists Give Up Long Struggle.

By United Press The Spanish Republic, born eight years ago in April during a bloodless revolution, ended in a bitter civil war that cost more than a million lives and billions of dollars destruction. With the fall of Madrid, the establishment of a totalitarian state becomes a fact after more than 31 months of conflict in which the Republican armies were battered to pieces by the nationalist troops of Generalissimo Francisco Franco, aided by Italy and Germany. Gen. Franco, known as the “Caudillo” or leader, will be the dictatorial head of the new state for life as Benito Mussolini is “Il Duce” to

Italians and Adoii Hitler is “Der Fuehrer” to Nazis. While Spanish temperament is expected to modify the new dictatorial system as compared to the German and Italian regimes, it will be of the totalitarian type. Following is a chronological account of the life of the republic and of one of the bloodiest civil wars of modern times: .

+ 1931

APRIL 14—King Alfonso went into exile after overwhelming republican election victories.

JUNE 28—The first Parliament in eight years was elected and began drafting a Republican constitution.

DEC. '9—Constitution proclaimed and Niceto Alcala Zamora elected President. New constitution separated church and state, confiscated church property, provided for division of large estates among peasants and other socialistic plans.

1936

FEB. ,16—The Leftist Popular Front made a clean sweep in elections, removed President Zamora.

MAY 11—Premier Manuel Azana elected President for six-year term. Santiago Casares Quiroga formed Leftist Cabinet. :

JULY 10—Jose Calvo Sotelo, Mon-

archist leader, charged in Parliament, that under the Popular Front regime 3000 persons had been assassinated, more than 500 religious and other buildings burned and 300 strikes staged in Madrid and the provinces. ‘La Pasionaria,” woman Communist in the Cortes, shouied, “You spoke today your last words in this house.”

JULY 13—Sotelo’s body was delivered to the keepers of a Madrid cemetery by assault guards. He had been shot and stabbed.

JULY 17—Army posts in Spanish « Morocco revolted. Gen. Emilio Mola led all Navarre into the insurrection from Pampelune. Gen. Queipo de Llano at Seville, joined the Nationalists. A comparatively unknown general, Francisco Franco, who had been in virtual exile in the Canary Islands, fled to Morocco.

JULY 18—In one of the most remarkable feats in military history, Gen. Franco began transporting thousands of shock troops, war materials and even artillery by air. Italian and German planes were used. Valladolid, Saragossa, Seville and Cadiz were seized by the rebels.

JULY 26—Gen. Franco landed at Algeciras and became the leader of the movement as the result of the death in an airplane crash of Gen. Jose Sanjuro. the Rebels held half of spain.

AUG. 19—Great Britain banned arms exports following French lead. The Government of Catalonia issued a decree confiscating all private property.

SEPT. 28—The Rebels captured Toledo after taking Talavera, Irun and San Sebastian. Diversion to the Alcazar at Toledo saved Madrid.

OCT. 17—Oveido and Illescas fell, giving Rebels control of all northwestern Spain. Rebels reached a point within 20 miles of Madrid.

OCT. 19—President Manuel Azana and members of his Cabinet left Madrid for Barcelona.

NOV. 4—Rebels sighted Madrid. Drive stalled three days later in suburbs. Madrid "was bombed intensely by air and artillery.

1937

FEB. 8—Gen. Franco's drive in the south successful when the wrecked port of Malaga surrendered.

MARCH 9—Fifth great offensive against Madrid began at Guadalajara. After 12-mile gain in one day, - Italians’ were routed by Loyalists.

APRIL 26—Air raid on Guernica where hundreds were killed in the streets by airplane machine gunning.

MAY 28—Loyalist airplanes bombed the battleship Deutschland, pride of the German Navy, in the roadstead of Ibiza.

MAY 31—German fleet steamed along Mediterranean coast and bombarded Almeria in retaliation. Many killed,

JUNE 10—Gen. Franco broke through Bilbao’s iron girdle and the

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A typical

“Pittsburgh of Spain” fell. With it went important iron deposits and mills. Hills around seaport strewn with dead.

JULY 26—Loyalist offensive broken when Rebels recaptured Brunette west of Madrid.

AUG. 25—Rebels captured Santander: and began cleaning up the Biscay Coast.

OCT. 21—Gijon captured by Rebels. Loyalist resistance in the north ended. Gen. Franco held twothirds of Spain.

OCT. 29—Loyalist Government moved from Valencia to Barcelona. Gen. Franco moved on Madrid and Valencia, occupied Majorca, established blockade from French Frontier to Almeria, below Valencia.

DEC. 16—Loyalists began their last great offensive. Taking Rebels by surprise, they recaptured Teruel.

1938

JAN. 19—Rebel planes from Majorca began first of a series of bombings of Barcelona. More than 700 bodies were dug from the ruins in the first raid and 280 in a raid a week later.

FEB. 22—Gen Franco recaptured Teruel, which was battered to the ground. Some 40,000 men were killed in the two-month battle.

scene as war-torn Spain plans rehabilitation. -

MARCH 9—Gen, Franco began one of the greatest offensives of the war along 100 mile Aragon front. MARCH : 28—Rebels approached Lerida in Catalonia after capturing important hydro-electric stations. APRIL 4—Rebels reached outskirts of Tortosa, on the Ebro Delta and within sight of the Mediterranean. Loyalists Spain was cut in half. JUNE 13—Gen Franco captured Castellon and the Port of Grao, giving the Rebels a port on the East Coast. JULY b5—Nonintervention Committee of 26 nations meeting in London approved British plan for re-

storing international control of arms shipments to Spain and withdrawal of foreign troops.

JULY 17—Second anniversary of

the war and the Rebels advanced in Teruel-Sagunto zone.

JULY 25—The battle of the Ebro began.

OCT. 10—Italy began withdrawing volunteers from Spain.

OCT. 19—Members of League of Nations commission visiting Barcelona and witnessed air raid. DEC. 24—Gen Franco began a Christmas offensive in Catalonia, moving on Barcelona.

1939

JAN. 6—Rebels sweeping across Catalonia reached a point within 30 miles of Tarragona. Loyalists began diverting drive in south on Estremadura front. JAN. 10—Tarragona captured by Rebels. JAN. 19—The Rebels reached Barcelona’s outer ring of fortifications. JAN. 25—Rebels reached Barcelona’s outskirts within a mile of the city. JAN. 26—Barcelona occupied by Rebels after Loyalists withdrew

— ne] TANAPOLI IES ~ Spain From Monarchy to Republic to Dictatorship gy of 32 Months of Bitter Civil Strife

without firing shot. Long columns

‘lof refugees and troops pour north-

ward toward French border. FEB. 3—Loyalist Government fled to French border after moving Government from Gerona to Figueras. FEB. 4—Rebels capture Gerona. Thousands of refugees pour over French border. FEB. 9—Gen. Franco's forces reach French border, ending Catalonia campaign. President Manuel Azana and other Loyalist ministers in refuge in Paris. . FEB. 10—Loyalist Premier Juan Negrin and Foreign Minister Julio Alvarez Del Vayo attempt to rally Loyalists for final stand at Madrid and Valencia. FEB. 26—President Azana announces his retirement from Loyalist Government. ~ FEB. 27—Great Britain and France recognize the Government of Generalissimo Francisco. Franco. MARCH 4—Negrin assumes supreme military and political authority, removing Gen. Jose Miaja as generalissimo of all defense forces. :

MARCH 5—Military coup d'etat under Col. Segismundo Casado overthrows Negrin regime and sets up Defense Council to seek “peace with honor” with Rebels. Negrin flees to France by plane; Loyalist fleet escapes from Cartagena base during revolt and 11 warships take refuge in French North African port of Bizerta where they are interned.

MARCH 6—Miaja named presi-

dent of new Defense Council ‘and

announced “we want to negotiate a peace as quickly as possible.” MARCH 7 — Communists supported by some elements of army stage counter-revolution in streets of Madrid in opposition to new regime's peace negotiations. Outbreak suppressed after week of fighting. MARCH 11—Peace negotiations begun between Gen. Franco and Madrid Defense Council. MARCH 22—Franco gives Defense Council ultimatum demanding absolute surrender within 72 hours, tears up Madrid peace proposals. MARCH 25—Peace negotiations break down when Franco demands hostages and immediate surrender of Republican Air Force. MARCH 28—Madrid surrenders and most of Defense Council flees to exile. Nationalists start moppingup operations to end war. MARCH 29—All remaining provincial capitals surrender to Nationalists as Gen. Miaja and aids flee to Algeria. War officially over.

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BEER IMPORTING SETUP NEAR END

New State Law Will Cancel Special Permit System At 12 Tonight.

Indiana’s controversial beer port of entry system will pass out of existence at midnight tonight under provisions of the law passed by the 1939 Legislature.

The 13 specially licensed importers will receive refunds of $1000 each on the surrender of their permits to the Alcoholic Beverages Commission tomorrow. . Under the new liquor law amendments, any licensed beer wholesaler in the state will become eligible to import beer without a special license. . : Heretofore, the Commission has had complete control over the appointment of importers. The Commission has not announced its plans on hearing of 22 new applications for wholesaler permits. Decision on denial of the first application two weeks ago is pending in the Marion County Superjor Courts on a new appeal procedure provided by the new amendments. :

1GOEPPER, ASSESSOR,

ILL WITH PNEUMONIA

Albert H. Goepper, Marion County assessor, is critically ill at his home, 3055 N. Meridian St., with pneumonia which followed a stroke of paralysis Tuesday. Mr. Goepper was at home when he was stricken. He was reported to have been in a coma since Tuesday night. Although he had not been in good health for some time, he had worked at his office Monday.

U. S. 40 PROJECT BEGINS

BRAZIL, March 30 (U. P.).— Construction was started ‘today on the new dual lane pavement on U. S. 40 from Brazil to Cloverland. The R. McCalman Co., of Danville, Ill, and the Midwest Construction Co. of Chicago were awarded contracts for the work.

U.S. Style Chinese - Born Couple

Announces Marriage For April 4.

ITTSBURGH, March 30 (U. P.)—Two strangers in an alien land—children of Chineseborn parents—announced today they will wed—American style, Pittsburgh-born Grace Yee Quil, a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh and at present an assistant in the dean of women’s office, announced her wedding to William P. Wong, graduate of the University of Minnesota, will take place here April 4. ; Active as an undergraduate, Miss Quil was the first Chinese girl in the school’s history to be nominated for senior queen. She was a member of the queen's court that year. fot The couple will live in Minne-

apolis.

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