Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 March 1939 — Page 11

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agabon From Indiana=Ernie | Pyle

Hookworm and Poly Scourges Of South, Easy to| Conquer, but Many Victims Just | Lack Interest,

ELBA, Ala., March 21.—TI've heard of hook- — worm, but I never knew exactly what it was. Since it is the worst scourge of Coffee County, and probably of most of the Far South, I’ve looked into it a little. It is actually a tiny worm that you can just see with the naked eye. It moves in a sort of cycle through the bodies of human beings, wasting away. Children get it from going barefooted around

backyards wheré hookworms are in the ground. It gets in the skin between the toes, starts an infection, gradually spreads through the system, and winds up in’ the intestines. : Here the worm multiplies by the hundreds, feeding, sapping blood. It could eventually kill, but instead it so weakens the system that something else—pneumonia, whooping cough, diphtheria—takes hold and carries off the victim. You can tell a hookworm victim by his paleness. Even I can tell. The lobes of the ears get pale. Then you become a ghastly corpse-like white all over, your face. ou become listless, lifeless, ambitionless, just sick all over, till you finally do nothing but sit' on the old porch in a daze and let life roll by. Hookworm is curable, and very quickly. You eat a light supper, no breakfast, and then take some capsules the doctor gives you. This medicine dislodges all the hookworms. Pellagra is caused from improper diet—not enough vegetables. It causes sores, and bloating, and is a horrible disease.. It majors in the South. .. There would be no pellagra, especially among farmers, if they had the ambition to provide them‘selves with vegetables. Vegetables grow wonder“fully in the South. e average tenant farmer in Coffee County has no garden. But theyre becoming increasingly garden-conscious. There is a movement on to get Wome to canning vegetables. I stopped by one of the FSA homes. If was an old house remodeled into a comfortable bungalow. Half a mile down the dirt road you could see the ancient shack where they used to live. Good Progress in Three Years

The woman took me out to the shed where she keeps her canned stuff. Here in the meat-and-meal

South it was like an oasis. An oasis in neat rows,

shelf after shelf. ;

Mr. Pyle

Last. year she canned 350 qua of vegetables, fruits and meat. She had 29 different kinds of things canned. They've been eating real meals all winter. I asked her if she ever canned anything before this program started. She said no, she never had. I asked why. She said well, just wasn’t interested, she guessed, | Half the rural South is sick. I mean physically sick. What can you expect of sick people? If you felt continually bad, would you care whether you were honest or not, whether you got out of debt, whether you had what people call “character”? I'll ‘bet you wouldn’t. | Ww. x McArthur, who is county head of the Farm Security Administration, hasn’t any highfalutin theories about rehabilitation of the South. His theories are simple. He says absolutely the first thing to do is get the ‘people well again, get the disease out of them, get ‘them to eating right. The other stuff can come later. ‘ But it will take generations even to educate the “poor people to want to be well.

My Day

‘By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Through the Desert to West Coast; Admires Son Jimmy's New Home.

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal, Monday —All day yester3) day we went through the desert. Wherever there was water, fields were green and trees were blooming, but elsewhere it was just sand with desert vegetation and here and there patches of yellow and purple wild ‘flowers. It seems to me the mountains change from New Mexico to California. They become more indented and you can almost imagine that they take on different shapes. Last year, when we were in Los Angeles, our train was one of the first to come into the city and go on through to San Francisco. We ‘were three hours'late, but very fortunate to be able ‘to travel at all. This year we ran according to sched‘ule and roads and bridges are all back in condition, ‘but there are still signs of the flood in stumps and old logs which are now left high and dry. We had three hours in Los Angeles yesterday aft‘ernoon, so I wired ahead to our son, Jimmy, and he met us at the station. We drove out with him to see his little house. which looks modest enough, but which has every comfort and, in addition a delightful swimming pool in a ‘little back garden with a cabana for nice warm ‘weather, (

Hopes to Visit Fair

I almost told him I would rent it from him /the next time he went East. It looks so temp i to work out there on sunny days. In the corner of Ais living room, is an open fireplace, for the rare rainy days of this region. On thinking it over, howsver, I decided that I had all the homes I could use Hust at present and I certainly wanted to return to ‘them, so I decided it was better not to be carried away by enthusiasm! It seems far away here from the turmoil of Europe, and though I buy the newspapers whenever we reach a city, it is hard even to take in the headlines. What horrible things one man can do to upset the peace of the world! I think if I had to choose between being that particular man and the Czech minister in Washington, I would rather accept the tragedy which the latter faces, for he carries no responsibility for a situation which must in the end spell tragedy for many people We arrived in San Francisco early this morning. This is one of the cities of the United States which 1 think has real charm and I always enjoy coming | back to|it. I hope to see something of the fair, put this| morning I am devoting to getting myself and my clothes in order after the trip across the ‘continent. :

| r : b, ° i Day-by-Day Science ‘By Science Service | HE life of man is filled with obstacles, deprivations and thwartings. From the time the bottle is taken away from the protesting infant to that nour when he unwillingly fa loss of life itself, frustration follows frustration. || . War, industrial strife, fierce economic competition, and brutal crime can all be traced to this inevitable galaxy of psy- ‘ chologists at the Institute of Human Relations of . Yale University writing in a new book “Frustration ‘and Ag ion” (Yale University Press). In erica, babies early learn resentment when ‘they must conform to artificial feeding schedules. All good mothers who read books on infant care know that baby’s feeding should conform not the pangs of Iumges, but to the clock. It is not easy to explain ‘this to the infant, | In school, freedom is gone; he must learn to sgit still. Harder still, he must learn not to talk. . I In adolescence, the curbing of desires becomes al- : most intolerable and storms of protest and insubordi-

nation result.

:anhood brings no truce. Marriage must | lost, ambitions thwarted, and social standing imperiled. De- * pressions throw millions out of work and reduce “them to abject poverty and humiliation. © It is small wonder that resentments smoldering in the breasts of men for a whole lifetime sometimes “break into the flames of war and hatred. If conflict is to be avoided, these psychologists

But

It is a perfectly enchanting spot }

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Second Section

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Back to __ Battleships

It's a Long, Long Way From Laying a Keel to Launching a War Dog

By Sutherland Denlinger

Ties Special Writer

(Second of a Series)

VV ASHINGTON , March 21.—The drawing board is bathed in a pool of light, but beyond is shadow, and it is there that the ghost ships steam. The Indefatigable, enveloped in a mantle of flame; the Queen Mary, a pillar of fire; the Princess Royal, hard hit by a salvo from German turrets (“Chatfield,” said the incredible David Beatty, “there seems to be something wrong with our

bloody ships today”).

The General Board, the Bureau of Construction and Repair, profit by these ghosts from the crowded 41 min-

utes at the beginning of Jutland. For the designer of battleships must have the head of Janus, looking at once toward the future

and to the past. Recalling that the Kaiser's ships, fighting that long ago action in the North Sea, survived a terrific pounding, where English men-of-war staggered to the bottom, he makes provision for minute internal subdivision, for thorough watertight integrity. He

makes careful use of the knowledge gleaned from other historic lessons, too—so that because of an old battle a new turret is more heavily armored, or ammunition hoists relocated. But the designer must look also to the future, to a battle which has yet to be. He must look far, indeed, since the vessel born of his mind will not be commissioned for some six years, and must then remain a useful, modern weapon for at least 26 more. He must, as it were, project himself into an imagined engagement more than three decades away, and satisfy himself that his ship will still be able to give ra good account of herself. : He considers armor. 2 2 ”

“WN JHAT,” he asks himself, “will be the gun ranges at

which this new design will have to fight?”

If she is to fight at great ranges a larger proportion of the protection weight available should be put into deck armor because of the plunging nature of long-range fire. If the ranges at which she fights are to be close, however, thickness of side ‘armor becomes of paramount importance. Inevitably, her characteristics—of gun power, speed, protection and cruising radius—will present a compromise. The new battleships building and to be built for the United

Side Glances

States Navy should be vastly more efficient fighting machines, ton for ton, than their aging predecessors. Improvements which they will embody include heavier armor and more of it; better deck protection; larger caliber A. A. guns; more elaborate, and at the same time more concentrated, fire control equipment; more underwater protection; far : higher speeds. : Weight will be saved (and hence made available for useful purposes) by extensive welding. by the employment of lighter steels, made possible by the development of the tough chrome and other alloys.

Designing the battleships Wash= ington and California required two years, cost $3,250,000, resulted finally in some 80,000 detailed plans, exact to a fraction of an inch. Usually (although it has not followed in the case of these two ships), the more detailed the plans, the faster the building. Much of the steel is cut before it comes into the yards, and if it does not fit exactly days of additional work are inevitable.

The preliminary design stage, in which the Bureau of Construction and Repair collaborates with the

- General Board, involves calcula-

tions and the drawings of a number of possible designs, each design varying one or more important characteristics—-gun power, speed, protection, cruising radius. » 4 ”

HESE preliminary design studies, in the case of the North Carolina and the Washington, consumed more than a year.

At the end of this period, and after more than 70 separate studies, the broad overall characteristics of the battleships— length, beam, draft, freeboard, armor thickness, location and size of turrets, type and weight of propelling machinery, cruising radius — had been determined within narrow limits. . The next step was the preparation in the final design branch of the Bureau of Construction and

Bt PE

TUESDAY, MARCH 21, 1939

The machine shown in the upper left photo registered the speed,

strength and resistance of ship models at the Washington Navy Yard. On its accuracy depends much in battleship construction, and it is accurate. Above, the model of a warship is shown in the testing basin

being subjected to pressure tests.

Repair, of contract plans. These plans, drawn to a small scale and in sufficient detail to furnish a basis for bids, keep more than 100 draftsmen busy for several months, while at the same time other technicians are preparing books of

specification requirements for hull

and machinery. Plans and specifications approved by the Secretary of the

Navy, bids are advertised and

after an interval, usually about three months, for study and the preparation of estimates, these are opened and the contract awarded.

It is then that the real work of detailed design begins. A drafting room force of 500 or more men prepares thousands of designs,

while agencies other than the yard

prepare still other thousands. At

the same time, schedules are pre-.

pared—plan schedules, material schedules and construction schedules—in order that the work may go forward in an orderly fashion. These schedules involve estimates of the time required for the preparation of each plan, preparation of tenders for the material necessary under it, and estimates of the time required for manufacture and delivery of material to the yard. 2 #2 8

FLOW of structural material, mainly that for the hull, must first be arranged. Much of this material is special quality steel, requiring a longer period for manufacture than ordinary steel, and it must be ordered early. Next come armor plans. Only a few manufacturers in the country are capable of making heavy armor, only a handful know the secret of its production. Twelve to 18 inches thick, it must be hard on the outside to turn the enemy shell, soft within to absorb shock without splintering. Something, in fact, like a good apple pie, with a crisp outer crust and a soft filling. Because of its complexity the manufacture of heavy armor takes

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—In which river are the famous Whirlpool Rapids? 2—How is 1939 written in Roman numerals? 3—1In singing, what is falsetto? 4—Who is Manuel Azana? 5—What is the shortest verse in the Bible? : 6—What group of islands lies north of the mainland of Scotland? 7—Which State is nicknamed “Hawkeye State”? : 8—What is the correct pronunciation of the word cadence? 2 ” »

Answers 1—Niagara.

2—MCMXXXIX.

3—The notes above the natural compass of the voice. 4—Former President of the " Spanish Republic. 5—“Jesus wept,” John 11:35. 6—The Orkneys. T—Iowa. 8—Ka’-dens; not ka-dense’,

” 2 8 ASK THE TIMES Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any .. question of fact or information to. The Indianapolis Times Washington Service Bureau, 1013 13th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.. Legal and medical _ advice cannot be given nor can

ALLEL

considerable time. The heat treatment and the forging of these mammoth metal plates aiready is going forward, or should be, when the yard receives enough structural

material to warrant laying the

keel--about 1500 tons.

It is an old rule of naval construction that work on a battleship’s turrets should be started at the same time that her keel is

laid, and the job carried forward:

at a pace which insures that it does not delay completion of the vessel. ‘

Some idea of the magnitude of the problem presented by turret structures may be had from the fact that the rotating parts of each battleship turret, completed, installed and armored, weigh approximately 1500 tons; which is the weight of one of our latest destroyers at standard displacement.

Because the various parts of a turret assembly are so heavy, they are constructed on platforms of solid concrete, near the ways, platforms whose absolute rigidity guarantees accuracy of measurement during the building period.

And, since the bare weight of the

major parts of an assembly

- amounts to several hundred tons,

they must be "constructed in a locality accessible to large cranes. < ” » s URING the early stages of a ¥ Dbattleship’s construction she is the province of the shipfitters and the shipwrights. Shipfitters— loftsmen, fitters, drillers, riveters, calkers, welders, machine operators, and the like—handle the

fabrication and erection of the structural material as it builds up

~ from the plates of the keel. The

shipwrights have a dual function; they are responsible for the regulating work which assures that the ship is always in proper alignment; they also erect staging, ladders; and so forth.

Ships, it must be remembered, are not built on a level but at an

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis, Ind.

Laying of the keel of the battleship Washington at the Philadelphia ‘Navy Yard is shown above. It is one of the Navy’s new 35,000ton. warships. Left to right are Mayor Wilson of Philadelphia, Rear Admiral Wat T. Cluverius, Lieut. Comm. Winfield S. Cunningham, in a straw hat, Rear Admiral Luther E. Gregory, retired, driving the rivet, and Capt. Alexander Hamilton Van Keuren, supervising the job.

“angle of declivity,” so that when they are launched a portion of their weight, responding to the laws of gravity, carries them down the ways. This angle, obviously, must be carefully watched as each piece of material is erected and the hull takes shape. Later on in the battleship’s construction, other specialized crafts come into play. . Machinists align engine foundations and install equipment; boiler makers install and erect boilers; pipe fitters, sheet metal workers, electricians, ply their trades. Pattern shop, foundry, forge and woodworking shop are busy, the pattern shop turning out patterns for castings that must be built into the ship after casting at the foundry. Well ‘along in the building period plans and instructions go to the boat shop, which turns out the many small boats assigned to battleships. The battleship is 60 or 70 per cent completed when she is ready for launching, about two years (with luck) from the laying of her keel. Her launching calculations have been undertaken when she was merely a blueprint, in order to determine her best position on the ways and the method of launch. ” ” 2

EVERAL months before the time scheduled, shipwrights begin the work necessary to shift the weight of the ship from keel blocks, shores, and cribs to the ways. : The launch completed, the battleship is secured beside a pier and cranes go into play as belt (or side) armor, turrets, guns and superstructure are installed. Meanwhile the Bureau of Navigation has prepared orders for the assembly of officers and crew. Eventually, her stores, materials and supplies taken aboard and the crew trained in the operation of her machinery and equipment, the battleship is given a preliminary trial, followed by a “shakedown” cruise. The shakedown frequently discloses a need for alterations, in which case the vessel returns to the outfitting yards for doctoring. This completed, she proceeds to the measured mile off Rockland, Me., for official trials conducted by the Board of Inspection and Survey, trials at which checks are made of her fuel consumption, speed, propeller revolutions, and other characteristics, to set a standard for her operation in service. After which, five or six years— or more—irom the day when it was decided to build her—she is ready to join the fleet.

NEXT—High Hurdles.

Everyday Movies—By Wortman

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Wortwo

Mepey Dick and the Duke = : ing out what | would of done with the money

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-friend situation, down to harboring

PAGE 11

Our Town

| By Anton Scherrer

The Rev. Mr. Beecher Organized The First Choir Here and From All Accounts Change Was Welcome,

NDIANAPOLIS didn’t have a church choir until sometime in the Forties when Henry - Ward Beecher got around to it. Up to that time, nonritualistic churches around here generally held to congregational singing. When led by a man with a reputation for pitch and principle, the result was more or less successful. Not infrequently, however, the starte ing was a volunteer effort, coming from somebody with a pet tune and a pet pitch, and then it wasn’t anything to brag about. As a rule, familiar songs were sung, with or without books. When there were no books, or only a few, the preacher would “line out” the hymn, or “deacon” it, as the Yankees called it. Which is to say that he would read two lines and wait for the congregation to sing these before tackling the next two lines— a method still practiced by preachers of strong atavistic instinets. There were a few hymns so popular that everybody knew them. One of the finest was “Am I a Soldier ‘of the Cross?’ Another was “Come, Thou Fount of Every Blessing.” The piece de resistance of every repertoire, however, was “Come, Humble Sinners,” a minor rendering of the old Irish air, “Peeler and the Goat.” Properly sung with the right emphasis on the “blues,” it made up for many a poor sermon. Before Mr. Beecher’s day, practically the only way to study music was to pick it up, hearing somebody else sing it. The only textbook, for instance, was - Allen D, Carden’s “Missouri Harmony” (1843) and that was mighty complicated, for it still used the “square note” system, little black blocks instead of the streamlined notes we now use.

His Brother Helped, Too

The “round note,” or “do, re” system, came in about the time the church choir did, and it may just be possible that Mr. Beecher’s brother, the Rev. Charles, h~d something to do with the streamlining, for it was he who directed the first Indianapolis church choir. He helped with the singing, too, along with John L, Ketcham, Lawrence Vance, Augustus Smith and A. G., Willard. Ba 2 Which brings me to what I wanted to say in the first place, namely that if the Beecher brothers hadn’t done what they did—why, maybe, three Indianapolis girls might never have had the chance to be stars of the Metropolitan Opera of New York. Anyway, it remains a fact .that Margaret Reid, Margaret Lemon and Sarah Layton Walker all got to be stars of the “Met” by way of Indianapolis church choirs. Margaret Reid got there by way of the Home Ave, (now Third) Christian Church, She made her debut in 1892, as Ophelia in Ambroise Thomas’ “Hamlet.” Margaret (Daisy) Lemon sang in the First Prese byterian Church choir, then in a New York church where she attracted the attention of Heinrich Coneried. It was good for a three-year contract. Sarah Layton Walker sang in Indianapolis church choirs, after which she went to Europe. Gustav Mahler, then director of the Vienna Royal Ca, heard her at Frankfort, Germany, and engaged her for three guest performances. After the first pere formance, he offered her a six-year contract. Shc ace cepted. Then, but not until then, did the Melropo' ian wake up and engage her,

Jane JordanGirl Told Fiance Should Complete

College Course Before They Marry.

EAR JANE JORDAN—I am going with a boy who is 22. I am 20. We are deeply in love with each other and planning to get married. His dad tried to make him go back to school and they got into an argument. Now he wants to wait until his dad gets over his mad spell.

Both of us often have said that we would be better satisfied living together as husband and wife. Do you think that we would be making a mistake to marry when we really do love each other? I think of him every day of my life. When we have dates, do you think that we should go out by ourselves? Sometimes other boys and girls want to go with us. A. B. 1.

Answer—I think that if the young man’s father had treated his desire to get married with sympathy and understanding, the chances are that the young man would have gone back to school and completed his education. By his autocratic parental attitude, the father made school look like a method of avoide ing marriage instead of a constructive step toward it. Usually young people are able to wait if they have something definite to wait for. If this father had been able to show the boy where further schooling: would have made him a better husband by equipping him for the role of bread winner, he might have listened. : It is increasingly difficult for a young man to get a good job. Those with an unusual preparation are most apt to land. Today'a boy needs to know more than the average, to have some specialized training, that sets him apart, in order to insure a place for himself. : You will simply have to make up your own minds whether you are ready for marriage or not. Remember that it is a serious business and not a ticket to Paradise. The young man’s financial responsibility is highly important. Love alone is not enough for you must eat and pay bills. oe Every young couple likes to be alone at times. At - others, they enjoy companionship with their friends. The happiest are those who can get along in both situations.

Mr. Scherrer

” td 8

EAR JANE JORDAN-—At present I like a boy who is very bashful. He will not ask me for dates, or tell me that he likes me. I know he does, and so does everyone else. How can I get him to tell me he likes me? PERPLEXED.

Answer—Don’t try. Just go on encouraging him and he’ll get over his reluctance to show his feelings, JANE JORDAN,

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan who will answer your questions in this column daily. i

|New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

oe his own family as “guinea pigs,” James Lee Ellenwood presents a humorous and astute pice ture of the debatable situations arising in the average family. For the student of child pyschology, of parent conduct, or even of Grandma behavior, this “embate tled Father”—and how wistful he appears—together with his wife, his mother-in-law, plus four lively chile dren, who gange in age from a difficult 11 to a some what superior 19, form the ingredients for a “labora tory experiment.” Here is a splendid illustration of the buffeting and grinding of personalities within that much discussed and maligned institution, the Amere ican home. : Many familiar problems, from choosing of a voca: tion, ‘bickering, fibbing, the neighbor menace, selfish: ness, thoughtlessness, late hours, the boy and girl a too vociferous bedside radio are approached with a light and tolerant touch which conveys many an excellent bit of advice Parents, grandparents, and even the maiden aun will find their bags of $ricks for understanding and meeting the younger generation on a common groundg augmented by a careful perusal of THERE |

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