Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 March 1939 — Page 9

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‘agabon From Indiana=Ernie Pyle

Tuskeges Diploma. a Meal Ticket;

No Member ‘of Class Graduated Last Year Lacks: a Job Today. |

“USKEGEE, Ala. March 11.—I’ve always . wanted to see Tuskegee Institute. 1t is, as..you know, the most famous school for | Negroes in America. Booker T. Washington | - founded it in 1881; nearly 60 years ago. If | is a privately ‘endowed institution, with no | ~ help from the taxpayers. I has become a model in | Negro education.

* It covers a lot ‘of rolling’ ground; the campus is |

beautiful; there must be three dozen: hahdsome brick buildings scattered: around; streets and sidewalks wind about; there are dormitories and a stadium and gymnasium. In looks, it isn't different from any other college. The few

differences are under the surface.

~ ‘Many white visitors—business‘men, students, writers—come to visit Tuskegee. Consequently the institute ‘has facilities for putting up visitors who have a purpose here. We are’ staying in Dorojhy Hall, in a room that would shame many hotels. Our wing is presided over by Mrs. Sarah Martin; a retired teacher of Tuskegee. She has been here 33 years. We. eat in a little dining room of our own; serveli by a tal: and gracious-mannered Negro girl who is working ‘her ‘way through school. There is not a white person in this whole school,

- even on the faculty. There are 1150 students; 680

boys and 470 girls. The faculty is large—about 250. ~. The biggest percentage of students are from the South, yei they come feom all over America, and from nine foreign countries. Discipline is strict. There is no smoking on the campus. ‘Boys can smoke in their rooms. : Girls can’t smoke at all. I saw an ash tray on the desk of only

. one faculty man,

Drunkenness and rowdyism don’t go. Only a few special students are allowed to live off the campus. All the others are in big dormitories—14 of them —two in a room, under close supervision. No ystudent is allowed to have a car. Attendance at ‘church, two: on Sunday and also on Wednesday evening, is conmipulsory, So is militarygdrill.

41 Separate Trades Offered

The boys. have to keep their own quarters clean. Everything is as neat and clean as a pin. When Booker T. Washington founded this school, no Negrp who yearned for knowledge was turned . The most “ignorant raggedy barefoot boy and start learning.

have had to change. Today the

ust have a high school education. is $75 a year. Every student must t half of his tuition. All must. do manual labor in whatever course they are taking. Board and room cost only $20 a month, and can be worked out. The institute offers 41 separate trades. In two years ‘you can get a “diploma”—a certicate of fitness in a trade. Or you can go on another two years and receive a" Bachelor of Science ‘degree. Since the institute started, 40,000 students have enrolled and 6000 have gone through. Of last year’s graduating class, every .single one was placed* and working by Sept. 1. Tuskegee has had three presidents. Booker T. Washington, the founder, presided until his death in: 1915. Both he and Mrs. Washington are buried on the campus. Dr. Robert R. Moton served for 20 years, and retired. He is president-emeritus. Dr. Frederick D. Patterson has been president since 1935. He is a young man, big, like a football player. His office is large, wood-paneled, and there are deep red-leather chairs -for visitors. Ten years ago President Patterson was a veterinary teacher in a small college in Virginia. He got an offer to transfer to Tuskegee. “That was the height of my dreams,” he said.

My Day By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Enjoys - Visit With Elliott's Family; Year Makes Big Change’in Children.

‘T. WORTH, Tex.. Friday.—How children grow in a short time! These two grandchildren seem to be entirely different people, all in less than a year’s time. Chandler is taller and her face has changed from a round chubby face to a much more. oval little-girl expression. - Elliott Jr. talks and walks incessantly. I have rarely seen such energy and such beautiful dark eyes. ‘He has-his father’s nose and looks like him, except that: where his father is fair he is dark in coloring. I always enjoy coming here to see what new things Elliott and Ruth have done. Ruth has a real gift for color combinations and the new guest room which they have added is very charming. They have planted hew trees and there are new horses and cows to be seen. This morning I went in to see the Ft. Worth radio studio and saw the map of all the stations in the Texas state network. This is the only state network ofits kind, I believe, and I was much interested in seeing how their organization is planned, for they give programs 17 out of every 24 hours.

Search for NYA House Fails

I was struck by the fact that everybody working there seemed young and enthusiastic. That is one of the things I notice so much in this part of the country. It seems to be 4 young man’s country and young women ‘tco seem to dd a good bit of interesting work. I answered some questions on a program at the studio which a. young lady, Gail North, conducts. She certainly did her job .very efficiently. After: the program was over, I saw two gentlemen from the NYA and made some plans with them to visit various projects. Then Ruth and 1 drove through one of the parks hoping to see & house which had been built by the NYA boys, but after driving along several roads and asking some workmen who looked politely puzzled, we decided we had chosen the wrong park and gave up our search. On arrival here yesterday we found a good deal of mail from Washington, but we have managed to go through most of it. Incidentally, before going to sleep, I read a slim volume of poems by Countee Cullen, called “Copper sun.” I have long admired this young poet's wark.

Day- by- Day Science

By Science Service N one little fraction of the earth's land area—a mere 5 per cent—live more than half of all the people of the world. “In such figures as these, says Prof. Raymond Pearl, student ‘of population and biologist of the Johns Hopkins ‘University, wars are bred. . Not that war will solve the problem. It will not, . gupbaticaily declares Prof. Pearl, writing in a new “The Natural History of Population” (Oxford). boot crowded. country A .goes to war with Empire B” he says, away her:rich and sparsely populated colonies, obviously’country A will thereupon find herself an empire and otherwise in much the position that B was in before the trouble began, and vice versa. Pot A and kettle B will merely have changed places.”

. Men have a strong disinclination to go far away

from the place of their birth. “Germany and ‘Japan are loudly demanding more ‘land so that their people may spread out,” Prof. Pearl said. “But their nationals, by and large, refuse to leave thé homeland in any considerable numbers to settle in the fair but sparsely populated region: avail-

th for example, had succeeded up to the time ld War in placing only about 8000 of her 1 ‘her African colonies together. 's on July 1

“beats her into submission and takes |

Again, | 42

Second Section

SATURDAY, MARCH in 1089.

U. 5 Naval Cun

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Washing ton Arsenal Guards Process 0) Turning Out 16-Inch Pieces for Fleet

By Dr. Frank Thone

Science Service Staff Writer W: ASHINGLON, city.

heavy steel goods. men. only one customer. : Guns for the fleet!

struction, has brought the first wholesale orders for 16-inch guns that the facfactory has had for a couple of decades. The new battleships for the U. S. Navy are on the stocks now. They won't be ready for launching for many: months. yet, ‘but as soon as they are, the giant guns will be waiting to be set in their? turrets. If you could visit the naval gun factory today, you would see dozens of those long, ponderous thunderbolt-hurlers of modern war, in all stages of

& telegraph company’s timber yard." | They aren't the only pieces of

| ordnance in the factory. All sizes

and calibers are there, smaller: guns, piled up like . cordwood. There are 3-inch and 5-inch antiaircraft guns, 6-inch and 8-inch._ guns for the cruisers, and a scattering of 14-inch pieces from existing battleships being reconditioned for further service. But the 16-inch guns-are the real pets o- the factory just. now. ik inn. ZI HE birth of a 16-inch ‘naval % gun is wonderful to watch—a marvel of modern metallurgy. Heavy guns of the present day are not solid masses of steel. The fearful stress of the powder-gas pressure necessary to hurl the two-ton projectiles 20 miles or more would exact a penalty of disaster for a hidden flaw. So the gun is assembled out of several hollow cylinders or tubes filling over ‘each other. It is easier to make these thinner sections without dangerous flaws, easier also to detect such flaws if they exist, and so eliminate faulty parts. ” ® » The innermost tube, the one through . which the shell travels when the gun is fired, is called simply that, the tube. The other hollow cylinders of steel that are fitted over it to give it added strength, are all known as hoops. The Naval Gun Factory gets tubes and hoops as semifinished

Nonmagnetic Ship Planned

By Science Service L ONDON, March 11.—The Soviet ' Government is planning a nonmagnetic ship for research on variations in the earth’s magnetic field in the Arctic regions, it has been - learned here by- The United Services Review, British military and naval journal. Because of the sensitiveness to nearby iron masses of the instruments used - in magnetic survey work, it is necessary to build research ships intended for this purpose out of wood, with bronze, aluminum and other nonmagnetic metals substituted for fron where-

ever possible. The new Soviet vessel planned to be of 700 to 800 tons displacemeni, yacht rigged, with an auxiliary engine. Plans under discussion’ also include carrying an airplane, ‘on which The Review comments, “How the metal difficulty will be overcome has not been fully explained.”

Side Glances

preparation, stacked like poles in

March 11.—This is not an industrial It was planned that way from the beginning. Yet there is in Washington a factory that manufactures It is a big factory, employing 7700 It makes only one line of merchandise, and it has

That tells na phrase the business of the naval gun factory, busier now than it has been for a good many years. - tation agreement, and the resumption. of: ‘battleship con-

The lapse of the naval limi-

forgings from the great steel companies. These steel masses are set in the gun lathes (and they are

‘lathes; each one as long as a city

building lot!), and turned off , smooth, and accurate to the thousandth of an inch. The finished surface would serve for ja mirror. Inside as well as out, the hoops are bored out accurately, and mir-ror-smooth. They are made just a little smaller than the outside diameter of the tube over which they are to be set. 2 2. 2 HAT looks just a wee bit difficult—worse than trying to get.a size 12 foot into a size 10 shoe. How will they do it? Not - so- hard, after - all. - They just take advantage of the wellknown fact that metal expands

'when heated. They heat the hoop

in a tall, cylindrical electric fur- .,

nace. ‘They:stand the tube on

end, cold, in a pit 100 feet deep.

They lift the heated hoop out of the furnace and lower it over the cold tube. Then they let it cool—and shrink. The hoop hugs the tube literally in a grip of steel, adding the tremendous tension of the shrinking force to the natural strength of the metal. The second hoop is heated, and shrunk over the first. The rest of the hoops-.are added in the same way, until the gun stands completed. Then it is lifted out of the pit, by an enormous traveling crane. It is put back into the gun lathe and:theyfinishing tool gnaws away at its outer surface until it has the symmetrical profile of a finished gun. Heavy threads are cut into the thick metal of its breech, to receive the breech mechanism. . Now it is ready for the last and most critical of the operations, the rifling. To make the projectile travel on a true path, it must be

‘given.a. spin. This is imparted py

means of twisted grooves that run from breech to muzzle, with the exception of the chamber, or the part ‘into which powder and shell are loaded. ] 2 = = LONG, heavy rod, bearing at its end a cutting tool armed with diamond-hard teeth, is thrust slowly down the throat of the new gun. Just the right amount of turn is given to cut the grooves

into the proper

least inaccuracy. | At last the inspec nod approval.’ They fault. The new gun join the Navy after withstanding test firi Naval Proving Groun This elaborate job | up a gun out of centr enclosing hoops used to be necessary for smaller caliber pieces as well as: for the heavy ordnanee of a ‘battleship. However, within recent years advances {in forging processes, and especially a method for puilding up treinendous internal pressures within the bore while at the same time the outer part of the forging was being shrunk, has made it | ible to make guns up to 6-inch ‘caliber out of a single piece of metal. This method, known as the “monobloc” system, has greatly increased the speed with which small, and medium-caliber guns can be built, and at the same {ime considerably has reacted rd

Woshinglbis Navy Yard is’ booming’ these days’ as skilled workmen produce’ giant guns for warships : laid down under Uncle Sam's naval expansion pro-. The whole reason-for-being- of the massive

gram. coraplexity that is a modern battleship is to carry eight or ten heavy guns into-action. The U. S. S. Maryland (above) carries. eight 16-inch pieces.

States during ‘peacetime. (Top) A machinist works

'2—Name the State flower of

4_Name the Attorney General

. 1—How many cubic decimeters’

; - 9~-Mayflower.

"TEST YOUR

7 howe : B 1

Entered as Second-Class Matter Indianapolis, Ind.

Our Town

|By Anton Scherrer

at Postoffice,

‘on the arrangement of staggered threads in ‘the

breech of the heavy gun to hold the breech .plug. (Lower: left) The Naval Gun Factory's lathes are tremendous machines, with beds as long as. a city building ‘lot. This one grips the tube of a battleship’s heavy gun, on which machining is about to begin. “(Lower right) Piled up like cordwood are

‘these ‘small-caliber guns, in all stages of manufac-

ture. In the photo below is a general view of the

- interior of the big plant.

.‘Times-Acme Fhoto.

Everyday Movies—8y Wortman

| visit, practically nobody knew what

PAGE 9 5

How Kate Adgicis. Carl, Local Girl, Broke Precedent by Painting Portrait of the Empress Tsi- An,

HIS, my children, is the story of Kate Augusta Carl, an Thdianapolis-born. girl who, in the divine scheme of things, went to China to visit her brother, and stayed! long enough to paint the portrait—the very first portrait, mind you—of the Dowager Em-

press Tsi An, sometimes also “called “the terrible old lady with the “soul of a tiger in the skin of a

‘called her worse names, stopping at nothing to show what they ° thought of her. Feeling ran high at ‘the time, for this—the milieu of my story—happens to be that of : the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. It also happens to be the year of: the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, which, curiously enough, is also a part of my story —like. as not, the end.

Up: to the time of Miss Carl's Mr. Scherrer the awful Dowager Empress looked like. To be sure, there had been caricatures of her, paintings of her. as Oriental artists fancied she was, but they didn't look like her. For the simple reason that no Chinese,

| except of the royal family had ever been permitted

to see her, on pain of death. And besides, there was ‘a superstition among the Chinese that anybody who had his portrait painted, even his photograph taken, was fooling with fate, and had better look out.

‘| Chances were that he would die within a year,

Seems, though, that the Dowager Empress had

{no cumpunctions about letting the ladies of the fore

eign legations have a look at her. Indeed, it was in this way that Miss Carl met her. Miss Carl's brother, Francis E., had been a collector of customs in China for 17 years, and like as not he got invitations to everything. Anyway, it- was at one of Tsi An’s receptions for the ioreign ladies that Miss Carl picked up enough courage to say: “I crave your Majesty’s pardon, but will not your Majesty honor an American girl by sitting to her for your portrait?” (Search me, where Indianapolis girls pick up such lingo.) “It pleases me to do so,” said the Dowager Eme press. “We will have three: one will hang in my private suite in the palace, one in the Hall of Audiences where I receive royalty, and one I shall give Bo the United States. We will begin tomorrow at ve.

KNOWLEDGE.

. 1-What are pelagic animals?

-- Massachusetts.: : '. 3—What is the name of ‘the 35, - 000-ton battleship .recently launched by Germany?

of ‘the ‘United States. 5—What is the name of ‘the science which treats of, coins and medals? ! 6—Of which continent are’ the West Indies geographically a ‘part? ©? :

are in one cubit meter? : + 8=In which State are the EverPlades? eng 8 2. 8. 3 Answers :

1—Animals that: live: in. ‘the : ocean. :

. 3=Bismarck. 4—Frank Murphy. S=-Numismatics. /. "- 6=North Anisrios.

ASK “THE TIMES.

Ipclose. a 3-cent ‘stamp for : reply - when’ addressing any elope Question of faet or information © | | * “to The Indianapolis Times | k

Spiking a Slander “I humbly thank your Majesty,” said Miss Carl,

| “You mean, of course, five in the afternoon.”

“Indeed; I do not,” tartly replied the tiger woman, and to prove she did not, she pounded angrily upon the foot of the throne with her golden cane—the one with the jade-eyed dragon’s head. “The Chinese,” continued the Empress, “love the night. “Our enemies say that it is because our deeds are done at night. But that, like the story that I was a common slave, is a slander. We rise at two in the morning. Our cabinet sits at three. At four it reports to us. At five, I am weary enough to sit still and let my portrait be painted.” It took Miss Carl exactly six weeks to paint the first portrait, a 15-by-7-foot affair (including frame),

| It was exhibited at the St. Louis Fair, I remember. I’ in

never forget it because it hung between Queen Vice toria and Pope Leo XIII. ‘To be sure, Tsi An looked ' fierce ¢nough, but certainly not as mean as her enemies said she was. As for the other two portraits, I never did learn whether Miss Carl finished them or not. Maybe you, too, have noticed that it takes an awful long time for news of the Orient to filter through.

Jane Jordan

Query Answered on Kissing and Why Girls Should Be Discreet.

EAR JANE JORDAN—A friend and I have been involved in a very tense argument for some time and have decided to let you be the judge. He says that girls are just anxious to be kissed as fele lows are to kiss the d I say that they are not. However, we have agreed that there are exceptions pro and con. Would you Please enlighien us on this | subject? B. M. and D. B.

Answer—But of course girls want to be kissed as

"| much as boys want to kiss them! It is just that they've

been surrounded by so many repressions, warnings, ‘and don'ts that they're afraid to admit it. Girls are bound to envy the freedom of the boys to kiss whom they choose without paying the penalty of an une favorable reputation. Nature endowed both boys and girls with an equal amount of desire for love. Society has taught the girls (barring the exceptions of which you speak) to be more discriminating and cautious. The boys themselves are responsible for much of this caution, for most of them belong to the kiss-and-tell club. ; In spite of their anxiety to kiss, boys are apt to lose interest if their aim is too easily accomplished, Pushover, I believe, is the word for it. What girl would admit her craving to kiss when she knows that the boy’s success will be tinged with contempt? Very wisely she makes her kisses so hard to get that the boy is never satisfied with what he gets, if anything, but keeps striving for more, while griping about feminine dishonesty. President: Neilson of Smith College, when informed by a squib in a neighboring college paper, that Smith girls were easy to kiss, advised his young ladies to kiss only gentlemen, for gentlemen don’t tell. I never heard better advice. roe ” ” ”

EAR JANE JORDAN—I am puzzled as to

* Washington Service “Bureau, |. ‘1013. 3th St N. wv. Mashing.

whether anyone can answer this question or not, | but here goes. Have the Pre of people in general. : changed, am I out of date, or do I just meet the wrong men? As a result. I am very lonely and have to sit -back and watch other girls Step out with the men I could have for myself. if, BILLY.

Answer—Probably you . ar are - afraid of the boys. You've been tatight that they have horns and hooves and their passes at you must be firmly squeiched in the very beginning. You haven't learned to flirt a bit for fear that you will not be able to control the situation when the boys respond. It is unfair to assume that all the girls who step out with men have no morals, for this is not the ease. They” ve simply learned the trick of capture ing « man’s imagination, and diverting his attention into other channels when he gets too ardent. JANE JORDAN.

Put your problems in a leiter to Jane r answer Your questions in this column dail; Jo a who vy

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

5 T= ‘present war in China has sharply accentuated

our interest in the Chinese people and their way

| of life. ‘There is much that the westetn world can

learn from this ancient civilization with its ssiyine reverence for beauty and I - PORTRAITS FROM A CHINESE SCROLL. (Wine | ston) by Elizabeth Foreman Lewis, an American wome

5 f an: fi: ¥he has spent many years.in China, is one of

ecent, books on this subject which portrays Chin

: charactor with depth of understanding and keen

. Le ¢_ olilels Of a skies of “Case Higa representing different units in the: 3:oloseiy

‘woman.” Some people, indeed, went even further and