Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 February 1939 — Page 15

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Vagabond

~ From Indiana —Ernie Pyle

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EY WEST, Fla., Feb. 2—So I bought a fishline, two hooks and a sinker for two bits and went out fishing with a couple of friends. We were in a rowboat with an outboard motor. * We dropped anchor about a mile from shore. We did what is called “bottom fishing.” The water was ‘about 15 feet deep. We used strips of

‘crawfish meat for bait, and put down enough line for the sinker to rest on. the bot-

tom, And did we pull in fish! I mean, did I pull in fish! Naturally I wouldn't be. telling this story at all if I hadn’t caught the most fish. I caught about three fish for every one the other boys pulled in. All kinds of fish—yellow tail, snapper, grunt, blow fish, permit pompano. Never heard of half of them before. Some were a foot and a , half long. Since we were all in the same boat, you may be wondering why I caught more fish than the others. The reason is purely scientific. It’s because, just before I threw in the line each time, I’ would spit on the bait. The other two boys thought this was very funny. They laughed, and pointed and made clever remarks about me. But while they laughed, I kept spitting and pulling in fish. They called it a cranky superstition, but I know it for a well-grounded fact. . The thing finally became so obviously a fact that the other boys decided to spit on their bait too. But they didn’t catch any more fish. And do you want to know why? 1 wouldn’t tell them, they were so smart about it, but I'll tell you. It’s because the thing won't work unless you come from Indiana! : When we got back to shore, I picked out 11 of my best fish and took them home. And it wasn’t "until I had my various knives, scrapers, pliers, pans and things all laid out and ready, that I realized I had forgotten how to clean a fish. I've never gone through two such terrible hours in my life. Before it was through I had fish on the kitchen walls, splattered on the ceiling, and all over the floor. My hands were raw from fin-pricks, and I almost cut off two fingers. Even my hair was full of fish scales. If I ever catch another fish, I'll take him straight to a taxidermist and have him mounted. .I understand now why so many people down here have stuffed fish on their walls—they know better than to try to clean them. :

Note on Hospitality

. Note on Key West hospitality (or possibly mistaken identity)—The other day I was walking down the street, wearing my overalls and carrying a bundle of laundry to the washerwoman. ; A car pulled alongside, and the driver, a middleaged man, leaned out and asked if he could give me a lift. I said thanks just the same, but I was only half a block from where I was going. Now I had never seen this man before in my life. If he had thought at first I was somebody else, he certainly never let on. And I didn’t have the nerve to ask him. Something like this can keep mé worried for a month. A letter from a little girl, Elizabeth Ann Orme, of El Paso, says: “We, the low sixth grade children of Vilas school, enjoy your articles very much. We have a club named in your honor. The children give current events talks about your travels.” Elizabeth Ann, do you know what happens to little girls who write letters like that? They all live very beautiful, happy lives, and when they die they go right to Heaven. That's what happens.

My Diary

Mr. Pyle

- By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Meets 'Retired'’ Man Who Started New Industry and Is Seeking Help.

ASHINGTON, Wednesday, Feb. 2.—Yesterday afternoon I had a really exciting experience. 1 came home at 3 o'clock to keep an appointment with Mr. Raymond E. Krape. He had written and told me of his retirement to the country after years of active business life and his discovery that he could not settle down to inactivity. He then started some handicraft work, gave employment to some of his neighbors and found a ready market for what he produced. What he needed was not an outlet for his work, nor money, but help in training people who were unemployed and on relief, and very modestly he said that he felt needed help to improve his designs. Judging from his orders, he has been pretty suc-

unusual to find anyone who is offering employment to . people even after they are trained, that I was quite excited. I liked Mr. Krape tremendously because of his modesty and his evident sincerity of purpose. He tells me that he gets up every morning at 4 dclock and works until 10 or 11 o’clock every night because he wants fo make his venture successful.

People With a Cause

I do not know enough about the situation to make any final decisions, but I turned him over to people who might be of-assistance to him. He hapto come from a part of the, country where, if he can take any people off relief rolls, everybody will be grateful to him. I wish we had more citizens of his type.

Then there followed a group of people with a/

cause. They wanted the President to do something not unusual, but it brought up the question which I think needs to be brought up over and over again. Leadership is important, but unless you are Mr, Hitler, you must not lead ‘where your responsible fol-

. lowing is not ready to uphold you. Democracy re-

quires not the action of one man, but the conviction and courage of many. Our last state dinner, the one to the Speaker of the House and Mrs, Bankhead, was given last night. The Speaker, who sat next to me, is always a-delight-ful companion. On my other side sat Senator Shipstead. I always find we have much in common. Our program of music after dinner was given by Mr. Ernest Schelling, Miss Margaret Speaks, and Mr. Rene Le ROY, all of them finished artists who made the evening a memorable one.

Day-by-Day Science

By Science Service ; HAT happens to the patient who has had tuberculosis after he has been cured? Unless you know someone who has been in this position, you probably have never considered the problem. But it is a major problem, and one which concerns the public far more than is generally realized. In order to determine the size of the problem and how best to attack it, the National Tuberculosis. Association is tracing the many thousands of patients “who left tuberculosis sanatoria throughout the country

* in 1933.

The facts are not yet all gathered, but it has already been ‘learned that almost half the patients discharged in that “year have since died from a recutrence of tuberculosis. Most of these deaths occurred within the first two years after discharge. About one-fourth of the patients are found to be working and self-supporting. Discussing the problem at a tuberculosis conference in Philadelphia, Dr. Kendall Emerson, managing director of the National Tuberculosis Association, pointed out, among other things, how this problem of after-care in tuberculosis affects the public. On

" the one hand there is the tremendous economic

burden of supporting the patients after they have left the sanatoria, if they are not in shape to support themselves. On the other hand, there is the fact

that if the patient gets sick again he may again spread Lh [11S ti nS. WW arculosi: Ge

Indianapolis

mes

Second Section -

Steel Shows Great Strides During Last Ten Years

Cs ————

(Third of a Series) By David Dietz Scripps-Howard Science Editor THE whistle sounds a '* warning blast. It is the operator in his control pulpit under the ceiling of the mill signaling that he is about to start another slab of steel through the rollers. The furnace door opens and amid a fierce blast of orange flames a white-hot slab of steel about the size of a section of sidewalk

flagging slides out. There

is a shower of sparks as it

' comes to rest.

Up in his pulpit the operator

| pushes more buttons and turns

more levers and the big slab of steel starts on its journey of some three-quarters of a mile, passing in turn under one after another of a series of gigantic rollers. Just ‘as the volling pin of the housewife rolls a slab of dough into an ever thinner and thinner sheet of pie crust, so the slab of steel grows thinner with each passage under the rollers, emerging at last in a sheet some 72 inches of more wide and a fraction of an inch thick. These great sheets of steel -are the raw materials out of which much of the physical foundation of American ricated. The mills in which they

. are rolled, known technically as.

continuous strip mills, represent one of the great triumphs of American engineering. tJ ” »

EWEST of these mills is the 80-inch strip mill at the Irvin works - of the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp. in Clairton, Pa. This mill was just completed -and put into operation last month. At the “start of 1938, another great continuous strip mill, the 98-inch mill of the Republic Steel Corp. went into operation at Cleveland, O. This mill was built at a cost of $15,000,000. Two years earlier, Bethlehem Steel Corp. had put into operation a 72-inch continuous mill at Lackawanna, N. Y., at a cost of $20,000,000.

~The millions of dollars put into

these and similar mills tell the real story of America since the stock market crash of 1929. The problems of the “submerged third” are still with us. Unemployment remains to be solved. But the na-

ivilization is fab- .

~ THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1939

KES

tion as a whole has marched forward constantly and the people as a whole are better off than they have ever been. : Steel in most people’s minds conjures visions of skyscrapers, railroads, big ships and bridges. But today’s best and fastest increasing customers for steel are the automobile industry and the nation’s housewives. The most important single branch or steel making is no longer structural shapes, heavy castings or steel formed into large pieces, but the production of flatrolled steel products, three-eighths of an inch thick and less. Much of it goes into such small objects as cans and children’s toys.

Not only has the steel industry built new mills for the manufacture of steel sheets, but it has carried on extensive researches during the last 10 years in order to provide new types of steels. This, as Dr. Rufus E. Zimmerman, vice president in charge of research of the U. S. Steel Corp., points out, is the story behind the story of streamlined automobiles, super= speed - railroad trains and other mechanical marvels of the last few years. : 2 8-8. ANY of these marvels were

dreamed about a long time ago, but they could not be built

because the steels which would

meet the demands were lacking. Take, for example, today’s automobile with its one-piece steel top and its sides stamped out of single sheets of steel.

Ten years ago, a steel ran would have told you that it was impossible to do such things. And he would have been right 10 years ago. At that time there were no steels equal to the task. But during those years, despite the necessity of wrestling with depression problems, the steel industry went ahead and developed steels that would meet the requirements.

“Sheet steels today possess such

properties as no steel of the past:

ever possessed,” Dr. Zimmerman says. “Today’s sheets will stand

stamping and deep drawing proc-

esses without wrinkling, splitting, or otherwise developing defects.”

This has come about as the result of laboratory researches in which all the resources of science were drawn upon. Twenty years ago, only a few specialized laboratories, like the Royal Institution in London, possessed X-ray apparatus for the investigation of crystal structure. Such equipment is now commonplace in the laboratories of the steel industry. Complicated researches into the

structural patterns of the atoms .

in the crystals of steel have been translated into better 'manufacturing methods.

Steels today are “tailor-made.” The buyer may specify the kind of steel he wants and the manufacturer, through the control of alloying elements, grain size, and the. like, give the customer exactly what he needs.

Of particular importance has been the development of stainless steels. A product of laboratory research during the depression, stainless steel has ‘become the foundation of a veritable new world. The building industry, the chemistry industry, the manufacture of oil, rayon paper, automo-

biles, and airplanes, are a few °

that are being revolutionized by the possibilities of stainless steel.

HE gleaming turrets of battleships, the glittering spires of skyscraper towers, the shimmering blades of surgical instruments, the sparkling bar of a new night club, false teeth, kitchen sinks, and a huge variety of industrial machines are a few. of the prodwets, now made from stainless steel.

The value of stainless steel lies

in that it has conquered the dreaded dragon of the industrial world—corrosion. Ever since man began to use iron and steel this destroying dragon has extracted his toll of tribute. In the wake of his breath formed the red oxide

known as rust. It ate into the

girders of bridges, the sides of ships, the edges of tools and determined the life-span of many structures. For over a century men dreamed of a steel that would not rust. It

Side Glances—By Clark

ea iN haan

industry.

Driving an 80-inch continuous strip of hot metal for a thousand mew wuses, the . mechanical robots of the newest industrial revolution are already making their mark on our civilization.

Marvelous gadgets.(right) control temperatures in an open hearth furnace with

Giant motors like these (left) at CarnegieIllinois Steel Corp.’s Irvin Works are symbolic of the new vigor in the steel

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postotfice, . Indianapolis, Ind.

greater accuracy than mere human watchfulness. And high above the fast flowing strip of steel workmen stand ever alert (lower left) guiding «the enormous mills.

is at hand today in stainless steel. Not merely one stainless steel but a whole series of stainless steels, each best adapted to its particular purpose. Basically they are “18-8 steels,” that is, alloys of steel containing 18 per cent of chromium and 8 per cent of nickel. But their exact properties depend upon the control of many factors, for example, the carbon content of the steel. bY In the old days, the user of steel had always to figure upon

the possibility of rust. Thus, for

example, the thickness .of the sides of a railroad car were dependent upon the allowance for rust. Stainless steel has made light-weight steel equipment possible. . " Stainless steel inly one of the many ' steels that have been improved in the last decade. Better steel is going today into the bearings of the little freight cars that haul coal out of the mines than went into the engines of the fighting airplanes flown in the World War. Instead -of just steel, there are hundreds of specialized steels today, each manufactured to do a particular job. It has been calculated that the number of different combinations which would be possible with iron, carbon, chromium, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon and nickel —to mention only a few of the most common alloying elements— amounts to 775 followed by 1974 cyphers. This indicates the almost infinite resources open to the maker of steel. % f 2

AS already mentioned, steel makers control the grain size as well as the percentage of alloying elements today. Let us see what is meant by grain size. If a piece of steel is etched with acid and then examined under a microscope, it will be found to consist of a conglomeration of tiny grains. It is the size of these grains that determines many of the properties of the steel. 2 Important steels, in addition to the “18-8” stainless steels, include chrome-vanadium steels, chromemolybdenum steels, and the socalled “straight chromes,” that is, steels alloyed with chromium alone. Molybdenum steels are finding many uses; particularly in the automotive industry for bearings, g2es, steering knuckles and the ike. Each time a new steel is developed, it gives inventors and designers a new opportunity to make their dreams come true.

Movies—By Wortman

1 i] LT v TEE) iE LN 2

Fes

[souvenirs EA

“the U. S. Navy.

The widespread: use of stainless steel is a good example of this. The automobile industry not only uses stainless steel on the exteriors of cars where resistance to rust is important but in many hidden parts of the car where the strength and resistance to heat is important. _ Likewise, in aviation, stainless steel is finding its place in the construction of the plane and its engine. Stainless steel also helps get the gasoline for your automobile or airplane. In the oil fields, it is being used in the equipment that cracks the heavy oils into gasoline. ] The tubes of the cracking stills

must stand the corrosive action of |

chemicals and heat. Four to 11 weeks used to be the average life of these tubes. But tubes of stainless steel, put into operation five ‘years ago, are still as’ good as new. iy Jel Among those seeing the importance of stainless steel has been Stainless steel meant ships better able to resist corrosion, lighter ships, ships with stronger armor. Today the U. S. Navy uses stainless steel in more than 100 ways—for deck houses, fuel tanks, gun mounts, rivets, cooking utensils and refrigerators. As Uncle Sam looks around him today and sees the necessity of improving his defense against possible encroachment by the dictatorships, the steel industry is prepared to help him. His new battleships will gain by all the researches that have gone on in the laboratories of the steel plants. . The newest mills are prepared to turn out the products he needs to make certain that democracy will endure in this hemisphere.

Next—The Aluminum Industry.

Germany Finds Use for Shells

By Science Service BERLIN, Feb. 2. — Germany’s campaign to put everything to work —even, perhaps, the traditional squeal of the pig—has pressed the shells of cacac beans, from which chocolate is m¢de, into service. They are now used as a substitute for yeast production and finally, as a feed for animals. The bitter principle in th2 shells is consumed by the growing yeast, thus making the processed shells acceptable to animals. Nutrient content of the product, which contains protein and fat, is acceptable, it is stated.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—What place is known as the Mosquito Coast? 2—Name the United States city directly opposite Juarez, Mex-

ico? 8—In electricity, what is a coulometer? 4—-What is the correct pronunciation of the word lyceum? 5—Name the Presidents of the United States who were assassinatec! .while in office. 6—What is the name of the plastic material secreted by bees and used by them in making their cells? & » 2 Answers

1—A strip of territory on the eastern coast of Central America. 2—E] Paso, Tex. 3—An instrument for determining the guantity of electric current which ‘is passing through an electric circuit. 4 _]y-see’-um; not ly’-see-um. 5—Abrahan: Lincoln, James A.

Garfield and William Mc-

t Fesler gets up

| fated to be the last tsarina of

PAGE 15

Our Town

By Anton Scherrer

Recalling an Enjoyable Incident In the Life of James Fesler, One Of the Ten Honored by the C. of C,

CAN tell you a little about James W. Fesler, and I submit it in tHe hope that it will gratify the wishes of those who have

been after me to dig up the past of the 10. gentlemen picked by the Chamber of Com-

merce to represent the Indianapolis Staft of Honor. I might .as well mention their names, because, sooner or later, the men are going to be heard from, anyway. As near as I recall, the Staff

of Honor embraces the names of Arthur V. Brown, Hilton U. Brown, William H. Coleman, William Fortune, the Rev. Matthias Haines, Josiah K. Lilly, John F. White, William J. Mooney, Evans Woollen and, of course, James W. Fesler. - If there’s any space left after I get done with Mr. Fesler, you can count on my uncovering the concealed anxieties of several more gen= tlemen on the Staff of Honor. You probably know without my telling you that Mr. Fesler was born in Morgantown. So were his brothers. While on the farm down there, he and his brothers built a small barn, using green willow posts for the. foundation. As near as I can learn, it was just about 50 years ago ‘that Mr, Fesler, then a young, espiring lawyer somewhere around 25 years old, gave the information to the Indianapolis newspapers that those willow posts were still alive, What's more, that they had begun to grow, carrying the barn up with them. I'm not fooling. It was the same Mr. Pesler whose unselfish contributions to the welfare of the community inspired the Chamber of Commerce to put him on the Staff of Honor.

The Whole Nation Enjoyed It It turned out, of course, that Mr. Fesler’s story in the local papers was too rich not to be taken up by

editors all over the country. Indeed, they went the Indianapolis papers one better and began illustrating

Mr. Scherrer

| the remarkable feat of nature lifting a barn bodily.

When the Chicago papers got hold of it and began picturing the phenomenon, the willow posts had grown sufficiently tall for the Feslers to put in another floor and make their barn two stories high. The second week when the New York papers worked the story, the barn became three stories high and later developed into a skyscraper, the pictures showing Huge derricks to get the crops into the upper stories. It’s something to bear in mind when Mr. tomorrow night and receives a gold medal for his unselfish contributions to the com=munity. : : Which leaves me just enough room to keep my promise and tell what I dug up concerning the U. in Hilton U. Brown’s signature. It stands for Ultimus. Seems that Mr. Brown's father was determined to have some sons. When the first one came, he was christened Demarchus Primus. When the second one arrived he was labeled Hilton Ultimus. And the funny part is that Father Brown was right. There weren’t any more sons after that.

Jane Jordan— 'Reason With. Parents,’ Girl 18, Seeking More Freedom, Is Advised.

EAR JANE JORDAN—I am 18, the oldest of nine children, and a senior in high school. I love my mother and father very much but I get very discouraged with them at times. They allow me one evening a week to go out and then I have to be back by 10 o'clock. If one of my girl friends wants me to go out with her on Saturday night, my mother will say that she and father are going to keep me in. The last three or four years I have done the work, got meals and so forth. In return I think I ought to be allowed to go out

with my friends. Won't you please help me solve this problem? DISCOURAGED

Answer—A campaign of quiet persistence is perhaps your most effective plan of attack. Doubtless neither of your parents had much freedom in their own youth and théy have failed to change with the times. It is difficult to budge the fixed ideas of .

‘| adults who believe that good parents always are strict

parents. No serious student has more than two nights out

during a school week, nor stays out after midnight except at an occasional dance. If youre out with girls and have to come home alone, 10 o'clock is perhaps late enough; but if you have a date with a boy, a senior in high school surely is entitled to stay out an hour or two longer. . After all there isn’t much difference: between what your parents allow you and what your age entitles you to have. Continuous insistence on more lenience where your freedom is concerned may turn the trick in time and be nore effective than open rebellion. . : 2 2 os

D== JANE JORDAN—TI am a girl of 17 and have been going with a boy of 18 for two months, Recently he went on a trip to another state to visit relatives. Before leaving he promised faithfully to write while he was away but so far he hasn’t. I know his sister very well and also the rest of the family. They all tell me he hasn’t written to any of them. Should I try*o find out his address and write

to him, or shall I wait and see if he is going to write to me? . A CERTAIN GIRL.

Answer—If his interest in you isn’t strong enough to break down his dislike of writing letters, give up. It won’t help any for you to write first. On the cone trary he may feel that you are pursuing him, and his respect for you will be lessened instead of increased. Bear up until he comes home again. After all he

’t left town forever. ; hash : JANE JORDAN.

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan who will answer your questions in this column daily. aT

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

Aroves eons removed from our youngsters nourished on - wars, depressions, dictatorships, and all the other appurtenances of changing ideolo= gies, the Victorian era is almost contemporary with many readers who are little past middle age. To those the name of the old Queen was a household word; her large family, her grandchildren, and their children, known and loved, E. F. Benson in'QUEEN VICTORIA'S DAUGHTERS (Appleton-Century) adds still another chapter when he describes the Queen's relationship ‘with her five daughters. Stressed particularly are the Princess Royal, of all Victoria’s and Albert’s children most resembling the Prince Consort, she who became the mother of William II of Germany; and Princess Alice, whose sixth child Alix, nicknamed “Sunny,” a lovely little girl for whom “destiny wove imperial splendors ...and a doom of Aeschylean tragedy,” for she was all the Russias. Of Princess Christian of Schleswig Holstein;

, later