Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1939 — Page 13

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(CAYENNE, French Guiana, Jan. 4.—

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~~ From Indiana—Ernie Pyle

Devil's Island for Traitors Only ‘And They Are Treated Better Than Others in Famed Prison System.

| French Guiana is about a third as big as France. It ‘has a seacoast of 200 miles. It extends inland, wedge-shaped, for more than 200 miles. It is jungle country, and so thinly populated that there are vast areas where man has never set foot. - Cayenne, the capital and only real city, is about 75 miles from Brazil on the south, The Isles du

Salut—a group of three islands, of which Devil’s is one—are 30 miles north of Cayenne, and about 10 miles off the coast. St. Laurent, which is the headquarters of the whole penitentiary system, is on the very northern border, just across the river from Dutch Guiana. It is about 125 miles from Cayenne. A road connects Cayenne and St. Laurent, if you have nerve enough to call it a road. There are two big penitentiaries in St. Laurent. More prisoners are housed there than in any other one spot in French Guiana. One of the Jean, for habitual criminals. Prison St. Laurent. Coming back south, toward Cayenne, there is the Penitentiary of Kourou. It is on the. ‘coast, about central in Guiana’s coastline. It is directly opposite Devil's Island. If there is a “worst” prison, it is probably Kourou. Then there is a penitentiary. right here in Cayenne. It houses about 500 men. You cannot go in, but you can stand and look in the gate. The penitentiary looks old, and appears to differ little from our own older penitentiaries. . Out in the street you can see a convict gang digging. Almost any time of day you can see penitentiary inmates walking or riding around Cayenne on bicycles. These are not liberes, but prisoners still serving in the pen. They have reached First Class, _have many liberties, and can even accept little paying jobs outside during the day. bo In addition to all these penitentiaries there are many—I do not know how many—work camps in the interior. Hard labor camps. Men building roads, timbering, clearing. Back here, they say, are the real horrors that we have had dramatized in the Devil's Island stories.

Incorrigibles Are Isolated

All these penitentiaries and camps comprise, probably, 95 per cent of the French Guiana penal settlement. The Isle du Salut are the other 5 per cent. There are three islands in the group. They are all small. And very close together. The biggest of the three is Isle Royale. It is administration headquarters and a superintendent lives lon it. There are many big red-roofed buildings, like warehouses in a row. And also a hospital. South of Isle Royale is Isle St. Joseph. You could row across in five minutes. It also has many big, red-roofed buildings. This island is for incorrigibles. They say there are about 100 prisoners on St. Joseph. "Devil's Island lies to seaward from Isle Royale, just a few hundred yards away. It is a long, slim island with a high ridge in the center, It is wooded,

two prisons is St.

* and the waters around its shores are beautiful. From

the air you can see a few small houses. There are only 18 men on it. They live in cottages. There is but one “keeper”’—a guard lives there with his family. These 18 are the aristocrats of the penal settlement. They have been convicted of treason. They're big-time traitors, not two-bit thieves. It seems they should have the worst France, but their lot is apparently the best. They do not wear uniforms. They do no hard labor. They are allowed to have books and papers. Most of ther get money from home, and they can even buy wine. I would choose Devil’s Island if I had to be sentenced here. oy

My Diary By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Flies to N. Y. for Family Reunion;

punishment, for selling out |.

‘Praises Winner of Youth Award. ASHINGTON, Tuesday. —Yesterday afternoon,

John, Anne and I flew over to where Franklin Jr. and Ethel joined us.

x We

New York City

had

dinner together and went to the theater before- the

boys went back to work by night trains.

I have so much to tell you today that I will not say anything about the play, but I shall try to do

that tomororw. In the meantime I want to

say

something on a subject that has been on my mind

for some time.

Parent’s Magazine is now giving, each year an

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ing lived abroad a great deal of

Day-by-Day Science

award which they call the “Youth Service Gold Medal,” and with the medal goes a check for $100. In the opifiion of the committee, which consists of Miss Mary Jean McKay, president of the National Student Federation of America: Mr. William W. Hinckley, chairman of the National Council of the American Youth Congress, and Mrs. Clara Savage Littledale, editor of the magazine; the young persons receiving

‘ this award is judged to have rendered the greatest

service to the cause of American youth during the past year. ; | This year, as recipient of the award, they have chosen Mr. Joseph Cadden, who was chairman of the committee on arrangements for the World Youth Congress which met here last summer. In the statement which the magazine has given out, is said: “The fact that 700 young people from 54 countries came todsther and discussed with friendliness and tolerance problems of unemployment and education, recreation and legislation affecting young people and,

above all, how best to serve peace and further inter-

national understanding in a troubled world, made

* the World Youth Congress an outstanding event in

the annals of youth.”

A Tribute to ‘Granny’ | : Having watched the Congress with considerable

. care, and read over the record of the resolutions

passed, and knowing some ‘of the young people who attended, I cannot help being glad that recognition has come to a young man I feel is unselfishly interested in trying te help his generation solve its own problems and the problems facing this country and the world at large. On this visit I have only tried to see some members of my family, for I had to dash back to Washington immediately since we have tonight one of our largest and most important state dinners. I am happy to say that my mother-in-law is spending this whole week with us and therefore will be able to attend the diplomatic dinner, in which she is greatly interested. Havher life, she always enjoys any meeting with the diplomatic corps. I know she will also enjoy this evening, for in spite of

her years, she is young in her interests and en-| |] thusiasms. My children all say that “Granny” is in |

some ways younger than they. are, which is perhaps the highest compliment the head of a family can receive. © °° 3

By Science Service ; EALTH hazards at work are not limited to jobs in “factories, mines, quarries and the like. The

Uncle

When “Uncle Sam Chooses His Weapons’’—for self-defense in an increasingly militaristic world—what weapons should they be? . . . Six informative articles have been written for The Indiznapolis Times by George Fielding Eliot, former Major in the U. S. Army and author of “The Ramparts We Watch,” a book which is regarded as the best current work on the subject of national defense. Maj. Eliot’s second article follows:

By George Fielding Eliot

Times Special Writer HERE has lately been some mention of ‘a supposed need for two fleets for this country-—one in the Atlantic superior to the combined fleets of Germany and Italy, and one in the Pacific superior to the Jap-

anese fleet. » : Like an abnormal air increase, this is a dangerous doctrine. When our present naval exa , Dbansion proi gram is com- | pleted, we shall have 18 underage battleships, with several older ships in reserve. At that time Germany will have five (possibly six) underage battleships, Italy six, and Japan probably fourteen (includj.1 ing four which Maj. Eliot will be getting : : on in years but have been exiensively reconstructed). The combined total for the three so-called aggressor powers will therefore be 27 or 28.

build up to this total eventually, it would entail.a very large increase in our ship-building faciilties, at ‘enormous expense. This expense hardly can be justified if there is any other way of assuring our safety. It would be lergely waste build--ing, useful only for quickly increasing our strength within a short period of time, but having no permanent utility. Our present facilities are adequate for an orderly annual replacement program even to maintain a level of 28 battleships. : » 2 2

sidered that all this—not only the building of the ships, but the increase in building facilities —will take a considerable number of years, during which, at any session of Congress, retrenchment or some new naval reduction scheme may come along and stop the whole program, as happened in 1922. But in the meanwhile, we shall —by commencing such a program —have adopted and fixed in the public mind the idea of maintaining separate ficets, one in each ocean. And we shall have again built up the “vested interests”

seaboard, which were so difficult to overcome when the sound plan of keeping the fleet concentrated in one ocean was first made. Therefore, beginning now to talk about a ‘“‘two-ocean “navy” ‘may well result in a permanent division of whatever Navy we have; without regard to whether it is or is not big enough safely to be so divided. Fortunately, we hold a short line of communications between our two oceans which is securely in our possession for our own use, and which we can deny to any power with which we may be af war. This route is the Panama Canal. Therefore if we keep our fleet at a level of battle strength superior to that of Japan or of Germany-Italy, - we can very quickly confront either with superior forces, regardless of the ocean in which our fleet happens to be when the war starts.

But we can only do this if our fleet, ‘at least as to its main fighting elements, is kept concentrated in time of peace. If we divide it, and an enemy superior to one fraction gets hetween that fraction’ and Panama, we shall have little chance of concentrating our

| WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 4,1939

am C

ooses His, \

One Strong Fleet, Two Canals Are Seen as Best Defense for U. Ss .

“The battleshi

While it is possible for us to’

OREOVER, it must be con- '

among the inhabitants of each

paign to send American doctors, nurses and medical supplies to wartorn Loyalist Spain, the A. A. A. S. new head has’ joined in militant

Bureau wher. it was founded in No-

forces without exposing one fraction or the other to a contest with a superior fleet. This is the danger we run when we allow the idea of a “two-ocean navy” to capture the public imagination. eh ¥ 8 = HE: battleship—the heavy armored ship, capable of delivering and receiving the tremen_dous blows of modern naval armament—remains the backbone of naval power. It is the one type of fighting ship which can take punishment and still remain on the field and go on fighting. - The airplane ‘car, of course, bomb battleships wader favorable conditions, and a sufficient number. of bomb: hits may inflict serious and even fatal injury. But so will a sufficient. number of hits from torpedoes or from heavy . shells. The limitaticns of the airplane as to range, carrying power and continuity of efiort impair its effectiveness very seriously. To say nothing of its vulnerability and its dependerce on good weather and high visibility. The batttleship is the foundation of the fizet, as the infantry is of the Army. It is the cne sea

Socially Conscious Scientists Have S

rof. Cannon, New A. A. A. S. Chief

Spokesman in

By Science. Service

ICHMOND, Jan. 4.— Socially conscious scientists, who represent a rapidly growing wing of

organized researchers, now have as their spokesman the president of the largest scientific organization in the United States, the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is Proi. Walter B. Cannon, Harvard physiologist and cochairman of the North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy and the Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy, leading proLoyalist groups. Actively identified with the cam-

anti-Fascist activity since he became chairman of the Medical

vember, 1936 Dr. Cannon, who is 67, is-an international figure in the world of science, Since 1897, the,year after he graduatec. from Harvard but before he finished his medical course, he has don2 outstanding. original work in the field of physiology. ; He has meade important contributions to knowledge of digestion, the nervous system, the ductless glands and the efiects of emotion upon bodily processes. He showed that in rage, fear or anger, the emotions which prepare the animal for flight or fight, the digestive and sexual functions are

immediately inhibited and the ad-

PACIFIC OCEAN

PANAMA Ls

“This country should build, no

—That at Nicaragua... .”

t another navy, but another canal

‘weapon which; under’ all condi~ tions of weather, is capable of

fighting through to a decision. The fleet needs, of course, other types of ships: cruisers for reconnaissance, screening and comsmerce protection—destroyers for antisubmarine screening, torpedo

refs] glands pour into ‘the blood large quantities of one of their hormones, adrenalin or epinephrin. As a result of this adrenal action, sugar is mobilized from its storage place in the body to counteract the effects of muscular fatigue, and the clotting time of the blood is speeded up. All this instantaneous preparation gives the animal or man a “wonderful capacity for offense, defense, flight, and repair of injured tissues.” During the World War, Dr. Can-

attacks and convoy duties—aircraft carriers—submarines—auxiliaries of various types. Our present naval program calls for 18 battleships, 45 cruisers, 150 destroyers, 56 submarines, eight aircraft carriers and 3000 naval aircraft.

non, working with another physiologist, developed the gum - acacia treatment of shock. ; :

2 2 =»

INCE then he hag discovered a ) new hormone, sympathin, which is produced by smooth ‘muscle, and

epinephrin, Recent investigations have been

on the sympathetic nervous system

By NEA Service 4 OUSTON, Tex., Jan. 4—By the oddest of technicalities, the Harris County Medical Society finds itself tangled with the law in the unprecedented “trust busting” case of the American Medical Association and a Government co-operative health group in Washington. : The Houston body stands under indictment on charges of obstructing co-operative health programs along with the ‘A. M.: A. because a Houston doctor who went to the capital three years ago became associated with. Group Health Association, Inc., the Government group. The doctor is Raymond Selders. Doctors working for Group Health were charged shortly by the A. M. A. with violating the principles ‘of medical ethics. But Dr. Selders had never transferred his membership and could not be tried.

Technicality Tangles Texas Medical Group in Trust Case

So the Houston County Medical Society—acting, its officers maintain, in full agreement with Dr. Selders—brought charges against him, at the behest of the Washington group.’ Not long after that, the grand jury indictment charges, hospital privileges were withdrawn from Dr. Selders. The Houston body, however, dismissed action -against its member. Explaining the decision, Dr. Walter A. Coole, secretary of the Harris County. Society, said: “We have no knowledge of the Group Health Association at all, and our bringing the charge and its dismissal without prejudice to Dr. Selders, was in the nature of a purposeful vindication of him.” But by so” doing the Houston Society apparently has not cleared its skirts and the society must stand trial with the parent A. M. A.

has an effect on the body similar to

Entéred ss Becond-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis. Ind.

| later,

The chart above shows the naval strength “on paper” of six big powers. The figures, compiled by the U. S. Navy, indicate total ships of all classes, built, building or appropriated for as of Nov. 15, 1938. So

UCH a fleet will be heavily superior either to the Japanese fleet or the German-Italian, under present construction programs. Even a combined attack

by all three would not be beyond its competence to deal with, having in mind our interior line of transit at Panama, and the tremendous difficulty of co-ordinat-ing the combined efforts of three different ‘navies in two oceans thousands of miles apart. But Panama is the keystone of our defense, and must be made as secure as science and foresight can make it. Even so, no military position is impregnable. Daring and determined men have proved the contrary too often for complacency as to that. It will, therefore, be the part of wisdom for this country to build, not another navy, but another canal—that at Nicaragua—for which surveys have long been completad.

NEXT—The needs of our Army.

ympathetic

and on high blood pressure. BeSides conducting original scientific investigations, Dr, Cannon has been a leader in medical education and in the fight for the freedom of medical research,

His term of office as president of the A. A. A. S. follows that of Prof. Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia econ-

omist, the first social scientist in | several years to head the A. A. A. S.

The elections of both men, a number of scientists here declared, indicates a significant advance in

scientific interest in every-day affairs and in what the world does

with their inventions and discoveries. ar A close friend of Premier Juan Negrin of Loyalist Spain, Dr. Cannon has served the Loyalist aid organizations actively. He is also chairman of the Boston chapter of the national organization of which he is one of the heads. Speeches by him on behalf of the Loyalists have received wide circulation in pamphlet form. ” : A recent gift of nicotinic acid, new pellagra treatment, to Premier Negrin, though paid for by 39 scientists, was sent in Dr. Cannen’s name. Premier Negrin is also a well-known physiologist. The nicotinic acid gift provides the first occasion on which the treatment, which has thus far given encouraging results, is being tried on a large scale. Pellagra is a diet deficiency disease, common in America’s South and from which thousands of Madrid residents are suffering.

#2?

Side Glances—By

Clark

= Bd oe Rita Bed 1}

Everyday Movies—By Wortman

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

i—What team won the professional. football championship for 1937?

2—How many acres are in.one square mile? 3—What is another name for a sage hare? 4—_Which son of the President recently entered the motion picture industry? 5—How many stripes are in the flag of Poland? : .6—When it is 9 a. m. in New . York City, what time is it in , Denver, Colo.? ~ : 7—Where is the United States ilitary Academy? ~~ . | 8—What term is applied to the decay of wood . caused by various kinds of fungi?

2 2 = Answers

Our

By Anton Scherrer Clearing Up Mystery of How Face.

, Of Local Girl Appeared in Famed Canvas of German Artist Pilotys WEEN Theodore C. Steele arrived in Munich (circa 1880) to pursue his art studies, one of the first things he saw was a -big historical painting by Karl Piloty who, at that time, was steering German Art into new channels. The picture was titled “Thus= nelda in the Triumph of Germanicus.” ‘+ Thusnelda, it appears, was the wife of Arminius,

chief of the: Cherusci, a German tribe operating in :

and around the district which, years gain became famous as the birthplace of Louis Brandt of the Board of Public Works, i -~Arminips, to drop Mr. Brandt for

| the -time being, licked’ the Romans

in 9 A. D. Five years later, however, they came back, penetrated the German interior, and Thusnelda was taken captive to Rome by Germanicus Caesar and handed over to Tiberius which, of course, was the subject of the picture. Well, when Mr. Steele looked at Mr. Piloty’s picture and got down to examining its details, he spotted among the ladies surrounding the throne of Tiberius, a face which looked exactly like that of Cora Gookins, of Indianapolis. That’s who it was, too.

Cora (Donnelly) was the wife of James F. Gookins,

Mr. Scherrer

| a Terre Haute boy who came to Indianapolis in 1880

by way of Wabash College. After his marriage he ‘went to Munich, taking his wife with him, and it was there he became one of Mr, Piloty’s prize pupils. As luck would have it, Mr. Piloty was painting his famous picture at the time, ard that’s how Cora got into it. (You don’t have to go all the way to Europe to see Cora’s picture; the New York Metropolitan hi a copy of it painted by Mr. Piloty himself.) : After I don’t know how many years with Mr. Piloty in Munich, the Gookins returned to Indianapolis and first thing they learned was that John Love was hard at work here.

Pioneers in Art

Mr. Love, a product of the Indianapolis schools and Northwestern Christian (Butler) University, also had something “to brag about in the way of art training. When he was 19, he went to Cincinnati, studied with Henry Mosler, and followed: it up with a course at the New York Academy of Design. - After that he went to Paris and the way things worked out, he was the first Indiana man to enter the Ecole des Beaux Arts. After six years of study away from home, he returned to Indianapolis. : Which brings me to the point of today’s piece, namely that on Oct. 15, 1877, Mr. Love and Mr, Gookins got together and organized the Indiana School of Art, the first institution of its kind around here. It occupied 11 rooms on the upper floors of the old Fletcher Block at the southwest corner of Washington and Pennsylvania Sts. ~The school lasted only two years. It was way ahead of its time. - Its influence went right on, however, because out of it grew the Bohe Club, the first articulate art club of Indianapolis. Its members included students of the old school, youngsters like Will Forsyth, for instance, and Tom E. Hibben, Fred Hetherington and Charles Nicolai. Kindred spirits, too, like Clarence Forsyth (music), Hartsell Stem (architecture) and George Cottman (letters), - Besides everything else they did to set Indianapolis straight in matters of art; the members of the Bohe Club were the first anywhere to discover (and cap= ture) the beauty of Brown County. : : The name of the organization was really the Bohemian Club, and that’s the name they started to paint on the glass door leading to their quarters. They started with’ letters too big, however, or maybe the glass panel was too small, Anyway, they had to stop after they got the first four letters on.

Jane Jordan— Girl in Love With Best Friend's Mate Told to Let Couple Alone.

{Bi JANE JORDAN—TI am a young girl of 18 but I have made a mistake that may mean the ruination of my whole life unless I receive sound ade vice soon. The thing I did was to fall in lave with my best girl friend’s husband. He returned my affection and we thoughtlessly stepped out a few times. We were found out. Our affair caused quite a bit of unhappiness and hard feeling but I still love him more than ever and feel that he still cares for me,

"He says he will give up everything if he can only have

me. I feel the same way but our families would do everything possible to stop it. I still want the girl's friendship but what can I do? I regret causing the sorrow but do not know how to make amends. Should I make this fellow hate me so as to make him love his wife again? I did not wilfully do wrong and I would give my right arm just to have the love and trust of my friends that I had before. Please come to my rescue before it is to late. JUST FORSAKEN. mst Answer—One mistake need not mean the ruination & anybody's life. You probably have lost your girl friend’s esteem forever, but youll be surprised how quickly everybody else will forget the episode if you do nothing else to cause adverse comment. I suspect that a feeling of rivalry toward your girl friend got you into this trouble. ‘Your letter plainly indicates that you hold two attitudes toward her. On the one hand you state with pride that her husband is willing to give up everything he has to possess you. In the next breath you ask if you should make the man hate you in order to make him love his wife again. This reveals a tremendous sense of guilt toward the woman you worsted and the need to pun= ish yourself for your success. I have an idea that you played this same drama with other actors at some earlier period of your life when your mother was the woman and your father was the man. During childhood most women do try to occupy first place in the father’s affections and they often hold it against the mother if they fail to dethrone her in the father’s esteem. You just weren't

| wise enough to catch yourself putting on the same

att outside the family circle. : - Now the kindest and wisest thing you can do is to let these people strictly alone. With you out of the picture they can settle their difficulties to their own

satisfaction. i JANE JORDAN.

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan who will answer your questions in this column daily.

New Books Today

1— Washington Redskins,

1 2—640. ~ -3—Jack rabbit. . . ‘ 4—James Roosevelt, .

. white collar worker has his own set of health hazards. 5» Among them are lack of exercise, poor eating habits, * bad ventilation, bad lighting, and tension from re-

Public Library Presents—

A FEW years ago the world read of how Richard E,

sponsibility. : | These apparently take their toll. Vital statistics show that the office worker is not so healthy as machinists and toolmakers and not nearly so healthy as carpenters. Sa It is up to the employer to provide good working conditions! for employees, whether in factories or

offices, but the worker must look out after his own |

diet and exercise.

White collar workers do not get nearly all the |

exercise they need while on the job, because except for Sots types of saleswork they hardly move about at all. : in ) Devoting the week-end to strenuous sports is not

|_the way to make up for this, medical authorities

agree. It is considered much better to spread the exercise out over the whole week. | :

“It would be a good chance to invite your brother and his’ wife. ry There'll be a crowd, so we won't h 3 to | 2

¥ NEA SERVICE, INS. T. M. REG. U. 8. PAT. OFF.

ve io jus

“Come-on ‘out, we'rs finding the loveliest Christmas things in the

brash

15. :

5—-Two. = ; 6—=Seven a. m. : 7—West Point, N. ¥. 8—Dry. rot. . #2 ®

ASK THE TIMES “Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any

| question of fact or information -

to The Indianapolis Times

| fascination which belongs. to any

a long stay alone in the Antarctic.

“A. Byrd was rescued, ill and badly nourished, after In ALONE (Putnam) he tells for the first time th

“whole story of those months.

tunity to catch up with life. SS ~ His account of his actual life there, of the routine of his days, of the ingenuity he exercised in meeting the ever recurrent problems of such 2 life, has ti ersion of