Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1938 — Page 13

flying lower now, on account of the clouds. then we could make out a big dugout canoe or a cabin > in a clearing, but we couldn't distinguish people.

. Rivers Are Everywhere

A matted jungle timber. : millions of bare tree trunks, lying where they .fell,

gets. blacker and thicker.

Sins pyle

Nor h fo Para and Brazilian Coast. ers Almost Unbroken Span of

lungle and Little-Used Beaches. |

Brazil, Dec. 30.—I had supposed east coast was jungle all the way up. t the matted green vegetation ran t into the water. Wrong again. two days now, we have heen looking pon onsars of miles of magnificent

hes. What 8 just a few hundred yards of ore of these un-

nd. unused beaches transported to her Batiery.

Another strange thing is this— there is considerable desert along this tropical coast. We have flown

over stretches where there was ab- |

solutely nothing but bare desert sand, drifting in rippled dunes. “Today we flew all day, and made but one stop. All forenoon in the air. All afternoon in the air. The one stop was a tiny place called Camocim. On a river, a mile or two from the ocean shore. Just a few hundred scattered homes. And was it hot! This, the pilots &aid,. was where the Johnson floor wax people have ‘doings. It seems the palm trees around here peculiar kind of wax on the leaves. The narape it off with knives. - It makes the base for

marked that it would be a net and lonely place the American representatives of tl:e Johnson peo“The pilots said there weren't any Americans.

Today we came around that remarkable hump i in C America that sticks out eastward toward jea. If we were this far straight east of New York, 'd be almost half way to Europe. We are two hours ead of New York time; almost three hours ahead. did not stop at the extreme point. We were ‘high, and could barely see Natal where the German and European planes leave, once a week, for “Africa and Europe. Seems odd, but a plane leaving tal at the same time we passed over, would be in Paris long before we'cotild get to New York. | © Alter passing the hump, the coast turns almost due west. And then we hit the real jungle. We were: Now and

The jungle is solid, violent green. The only breaks

: "are the weird arms of rivers cutting through it everyWhere, Much of the jungle is swamp underneath.

~ T've never seen so many rivers in my life as in the last hour coming into Para. The country must be at least one-tenth rivers. They are everywhere. Half an hour from Para the land seems to get higher, for there aren't so many rivers, and you see . frequent, houses in clearings, and open spaces that look like fields. “And. then little forest fires down below. The air Pretty soon there are “dozens of fires. You can see the flames eating at the You can see thousands and

thick as a pile of spilled matches. “These aren't forest fires. They are human fires. Clearing land for farming. No bother to cut down trees. No bother to save the valuable lumber. Lumber isn’t valuable if there’s too much of it. So you just

3 burn it down, and then you have a feld. See?

i re

A AR SE PT BINDER AE AN HO

”

The fields grew thicker. But thiey never became ‘constant. Never became more thai patches on the limitless jungle. The jungle reached up into the very streets of Para.

453 This is the great port at the mouth of the AmaE3zon. It was raining when we landed. Negro boys »swam out to our plane with the lines.

Vultures sit on the roof peaks. Mango trees archi the main streets.

"Children toddle around naked. Your clothes stick.

“Dampness stands out on the back of your hands. We

have come back to the Equator.

My Disk

“By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Raising National Income Will Lead To Reduced Government Costs.

ASHINGTON, Thursday.—I wonder how many of you read an article this morning by Mr. Walter Lippmann entitled, “The Level of Spending.” “it, he takes up the different points of view expressed by Senator Byrd and Mr. Eccles, governor of the Federal Reserve Board. [ think he has stated the case of the increase of the budgst in a very clear manner, but there is one point which should be emphasized. It is. I believe, entirely true that it is necessary to spend in order to biting up the general national income, but if the national income is raised,

it will actually lower the necessity for Government

ding. _ It is this point which I think the people need to understhd. Mr. Lippmann is probably right, that taxes should be visible and that the only way to keep the general public in close touch with whatever Coness may do from the financial standpoint is to force ‘them to see how it is paid, end that this can only be doi ‘if they see a direct relationship between their C. ets and the Governmeni plans and expenditures. ever, they should understand that raising the naincome will lower this expenditure by giving e. people a chance to edrn their own living and

One other thing seems tc me vital for the general ublie' to understand, namely, that individual saving for the future is vailiable, but that this saving should not be done in a way which takes money out of lation. In other words, ihe public should see that banks actually use the rioney they deposit.

ney Must Circuiate

No one should keep his nioney in a sock, for it is as money creates more money that the national me can be raised. I can give you one concrete example. I know of a small.city whose banks have more cash than they should hold for normal reserves. [he Civy needs to borrow money for low-cost housing. housing; however, cannot.be built unless money be borrowed at 3 per ¢ent. (hetween 1%: and 2% per cent on our savings bank . We should probaly be content with the rer figure for the sake of safety, and the bank should be willing to lend money at the rate which

er the city or a private company doing such work

w-cost housing. could aiford to pay.

This would keep your mcney in circulation, would

business operations and would probably mean , the bank, as a result of more business, would

ta‘higher rate of interest on future business loans. | seems to me important fhat people should think |

Iver these questions and bring their influence to bear

eir communities if they decide that this kind of | should be done, because it touches their future

omic status.

‘had a ride this morning and at 10:30 went to |

Hospital, where the Variety Club has just some modern incubators which will probably the saving of the lives of many premature . This club is made up of the people in the city sted in entertainment of all kinds and they do t deal of philanthropic work which means much community. .

Day Science

‘the d overy, a few years ago, that rodts can “induced to grow at will on any part of a plant through the application of certain chemicals, been, besides a good deal of regular comapplication, almost 2 craze of experimentation of enthusiastic amateurs. leading chemical companies have put the pounds on the market, but a continuing

been lack of suitable instructions in

is now supplied in a past book, -Substances, written in England

ouldn’t New York City give |

You and I receive |

i

i if

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 80, 1938

2

The Indianapolis

-

ecology of Indiana

Griffin Discovery Raises Hopes and Poses Some New Problems |

‘imes

Ee

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice. Indianapolis. Ind.

MT. VERNON

{

PRINCETON :

rion ’

BLACMINGTON

MARTNSNLLE

INDIANAROLS

ANDERSON

SOUTHWEST- NORTHEAST

HARTFORD CITY

| DECATUR _ : AT FURIE Ti. SAND, GRAVEL EATS

CROSS SECTION OF INDIANA SHOWING GEOLOGICAL F FORMATION is

DANVILLE

~ GREENFIELD .

KNIGHTSTOWN :

thine = SOIL = SA ND. GRAVEL - PEAT-MAB

CAMBRIDGE CITY

‘

RICHMOND

ib

}

By Paul Boxell

Times Bloomington Correspondent

Indiana University.

Prof. Esarey said.

active in oil and gas production from about 1890 to 1910, but from 1910 until 1930 the drilling lagged, production was small and no big fields were opened “up,” Activity was speeded up again after 1930 but no

great attention was drawn until oil spurted 100 feet above the top -of the derrick on a new well near Griffin recently. Ja THe new field is attracting sharp interest because it is comparatively large in production for Indiana and because the land is held by a number of independent owners. Many other fields recently opened are owned by a single company or a group of major companies, Prof. Eseray pointed out. “Landowners and county tax officials, as a result of the lull preceding this Griffin find, know little about the science and legal aspects of producing oil,” he said. “In states like Oklahoma and - Texas, where oil is the ranking industry, three-fourths of the citizens talk about oil as if they were experts.” ” ” ”

\ARMERS here are poorly informed as to how to grant leases, royalty interests and min-

¢

‘which

LOOMINGTON, Dec. 30.—One signifiant by-product: of : the new oil find at Griffin will be a reawakenjng of -oil-consciousness | in southern Indiana, according to Ralph E. Esarey, State geologist and professor of geology at

“Indiana has been a backward state so far as general knowledge of geology and oil mining is concerned,”

“This State, particularly the northern section, was

eral deeds on their land in the area of the find. County tax officials don't know exactly how to tax pil property, and there are no adequate State laws covering it.” The new Posey County boom puts hundreds of farmers into the oil business, the State Geologist said, and they will have to check up on modern contract procedures if they want to get the maximum out of fheir good fortune. County assessors, tax collectors, recorders and clerks will be confronted with the necessity of learning how to assess and tax oil properties. he said. Observation of procedures and methods in Oklahoma, Texas or Illinois for Several months would help them learn “the tricks of the tracle,” he added. ‘Some farmers in the Griffin area a few weeks ago sold for $3 and $4 an acre mineral rights now are worth 100 times that much, according fo Prof. Esarey. If they had been acquainted with the prices paid for mineral rights in: neighboring

- states they would have come out

considerably richer. he said. The oil industry in Indiana has beén revolutionized within the past few years, the geology expert. pointed out, and some of the new factors with which landholders should become familiar are. Leases —It is the practice of big

oil corporations to contract long leases, usually 10 years. The period used to be two or three years, which is still. the term of lease used by many small firms. Royalty Buying—A landholder

is entitled to one-eighth of all “production brought “in ‘by: the

operating company on land which he leases. Many agents and others working “incognito” for big corporations are in the field buying up these royalties. Geophysical Prospecting — The seismograph magnetometer and gravimeter are being used now to prospect large areas in the State. J 2 2 # MPROVEMENTS in methods have speeded up drilling tremendously. The rotary drill, introduced in Indiana about 18 months ago, does a job in one week for which the cable-tool drill needed three weeks. The Griffin region, as well as all the southwestern Indiana oil fields, is in the Eastern Interior Coal Basin. The basin is a huge saucer-shaped area into which rocks dip from all directions, according to the State Geologist. Two-thirds of the basin: is in Illinois, while northern Kentucky and southwestern Indiana each have one-sixth of the area. The Hoosier portion is about 6009 square miles in size and includes about 22 counties. The basin is composed of five systems of geologic formations, each curving about the one above it like the layers of: a halved onion.

At the basin’s surface are the Pennsylvania rocks, with a max-

imum thickness at the center of about 2500 feet. On the Indiana side this layer covers Posey and Gibson Counties at a maximum thickness of 1400 feet. Next are the Mississippian rocks, maximum thickness 2000 feet, followed by the Devonian formation,

independent

with a thickness of 300 feet. Underneath is the Silurian layer, with 300-to.400 feet total thickness, and under that lie the Ordovician rocks, 11, 000 feet in total thickness. Twenty. to 30 years ago most

~of- Seuthern: Indiana’s oil product.

came from shallow wells in the Pennsylvania strata and the upper Mississippian rocks, according to Prof. Esarey. Some oil still is being taken from these strata, notably in Sullivan and Posey Counties, he said. In recent months the Mississipian rocks have proved to contain the most prolific oil sands of the entire basin, he said. This

producing formation includes Mc-

Closkey limestone and the Benoist, Tracy, Stein, Oakland City and Brown sandstone. . = ® ” ‘JT is the McCloskey limestone of the Mississippian strata into which the new Griffin wells are being “drilled,” Mr. Esarey said. “McCloskey limestone is known to be spectacular in its manner of yield. When it is tapped the oil shoots out dramatically and may flow at a .rate of 2000 barrels a day for a short while, Within a few months, however, it is’ like-= ly to dwindle to 50 barrels or less a day and. will continue at that rate for perhaps five years before dying out. “The sandstones usually begin by yielding around 100 to 200 barrels daily and taper off slowly in a period, of six months to about 50. ‘They continue to produce, however, for as long as 20 Joars, probably giving, acre for acre, yield of about two and a half times that of a McCloskey limestone well.” When the oil-finding drill at Griffin reached the Mississippian strata the new well flowed 53 barrels in the first 30 minutes, according to reports sent Mr. Esarey. Its owners say it is a 1000-barrel well, or better.

CROSS SECTION

SHOWING GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS

“in

OF . INDIANA

“It may run down considerably few weeks,” said Prof. Esarey, “but you may be sure it will con-

‘tinue to produce for at least five

years and bring a return of several hundred per cent on invéstts.

me dic In addition; 19 feet of saturation ~

has been noted in the Benoist ta directly above, and when

they are through with the Mc-

Closkey they can come back up to [the Benoist and keep on producing. ” neath the Mississippian rocks the Devonian formations, i Rich produce more oil in -‘Kentucky than any other geologic system, Mr. Esarey said. here are two well-known Devohian fields in Indiana—Siosi and Prairie Creek in Vigo. Coney:

*: 2 » ” HE Devonian and Silurian formations will produce good oil, and the Devonian has a

chance of becoming the biggest producer in this State,” the geologist. said. (“Operators are anxious to try this formation and a good many

wells will be drilled down to it. - within the next year or so in In-

diana.” Under the Ordivician rocks is a (region of Trenton lime, which is a gas-producing lime in northeastern Indiana, Prof. Esarey said. In the center of the basin the Trenton lime is 5000 to 7000 feet deep. Many oil operators are considering testing to it, despite its depth, he said, because it has been a | good producer elsewhere. The sand some 600 feet below the Trenton strata is known as St. Peter's. “This sand is the same as the Wilcox sand in Oklahoma and the ilcox is the most prolific pro-

ducer in that State,” he said.

Even this depth is not balking oosier oil seekers. A well is be\g drilled now just southeast of loomington to test the St. eter’s area.

.| whisky, but one good enough | course, is merely a catalog of facts without giving you

Side Glances—By Clark

| Everyday MoviesmBy Wortman

TEST YOUR |

KNOWLEDGE

1—What ‘is the ‘correct pro- | nunciation of “ski” and “skiing”? .9—Do your have to be a citizen, | own property or have a large | income to adopt a child? 3—On what island did Na-

| poleon reside during his first

| _ banishment? 4— What is chlorophyll? 5—Name the German Minister | of Economics. 6—Wnhat is the correct pronun- | ciation of the word gila (monster) ?

2 8 = Answers

1—Skee, skeeing (American); _ shee, sheeing (European). 2—The Times cannot give legal advice. ‘Consult your attorney. 3—Elba. 4—The green coloring matter in plants. © 5—Walther Funk. 6—Hee’-la; not gee’-la.

2 8 =

ASK THE TIMES

reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times Washington Servicer Bureau,

ton, D. C. Legal and medical nor

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Second Section

| : PAGE 3

By Anton Scherrer

. Death of Miss Min ie Otte, Superb Cake-Maker, Mars Holiday for One - Who Appreciate

HE only thing that got me down this Christmas was the death of Miss Minnie tte one of the best cake bakers Indianapolis | ever had. Or ever will have, for that matter, Miss Otte, who lived t be 82 years-old,

established her fame as a take baker as far back as 50 years ago. Which is to.say that she was

‘going good at the time of the| Johnstown Flood. I

know what, I'm talking about | because I remember that we celebrated our Christm: 1889 with one of Miss Otte’s

smacked his lips and pronounced it - good, Mother brought up| the Johnstown catastrophe. You'd never guess the connection. It surprised

Father. liked the cake was because

‘| Miss Otte started making it on the

first of June, the day after the Johnstown Flood, ‘which, ‘of course, gave it more than six months to age, time enough apparently to give it the rich and haunting fragrance Father liked. The aging of Miss Otte’s| fruit cake wasn't all there was to it, however. It was only one phase of her art. ‘A lot of other things went into making Miss Oftte’s fruit cake the priceless thing it was. For ine stance, two pounds of currants, two pounds of raisins, three-fourths pound of chop citron, one pound of seedless raisins, one pound of dates, one pound of figs, one pound of almonds, one nutmeg, one lemon; two tablespoons of cinnamon, one tablespoon of cloves, one teaspoon of allspice, two pounds of flour, one pound of butter, two pounds of dark brown sugar, 16 eggs (honest), two teaspoons of baking powder and one winegiass of whisky (and mind you, not a cooking to drink). Which, of

‘Mr. Scherrer

any idea of the personality with ‘which Miss Otte invested her art.

Roused Appreciation of Finer Things

Come to think of it, I wouldn’t be surprised if the tasting of ‘Miss Otte’s fruit cake back in 1889 gave me my first inkling of art and the reality that the one thing which gives value to any piece of art, whether it be book or picture or sic or Christmas cakes, is that subtle and evasive tlling called personality. What's more, I've just about\made up my mind that personality to amount fo anything must be an almost wholly instinctive. thing—a God-given thing

. when you get right down to it—which only people liks Miss Otte are lucky enough to have.

the top of her Devil's Food, the icing of which con= sisted of one-half cup of milk, one-half cup of butter and two and a half cups o brown sugar. thick. Sounds simple unless invested with Miss Otte’s i5t personality. I wish I could do justice to Miss tte’s art and portray her, the baker of Christmas cakes, as an in« terpreter of secrets, the guardian of mysteries which

| somehow lie between here and Heaven. Handled thaf

‘way, today’s piece would hs e sounded like a poem in praise of a poet.

Jane Jordan— - Mother Made| Error in Proposing For Her Boy Friend, Girl Advised. DD; JANE JORDAN—] am 18 and my boy friend

years but have had a slight misunderstanding. Ab present we only have a dafe occasionally. We both would rather be back. together as in the bygone days but haven't come to-the right point as yet. This ail happened because I said wrong time. I was invi friend’s mother. After di son was out of debt now When she asked me how wasn’t ready as yet for I needed time to study thi things to improve or forge

Ty felt about. it, I told her I was so surprised that I s out. Should I ‘wait for all about it? FRANKIE,

ing in the remark you made se an estrangement. ~The he made the proposal inright. to expect. the man

astonishing thing is that stead of him. You have you want to marry to do his own proposing. ‘Unless he has the courage to do he isn’t worth having. 'I should say that the mother was the one who bungled; not you. : ” DE JANE JORDAN—I am a girl of 16. My sis ter has been going with ‘a boy 23 years old for three years. She split up with him about four months ago and he started going with me. When she stepped out on him, I stuck by him. He now claims he likes me” as much as he could| and I care for him. My mother thinks I should go around with boys my own age and not gét too serious about this boy because he is so much older than I. What do you think? l WORRIED.

. Answer—I think your mother is right. His interest in you may be an atempt to make your sister ogous, 3 » ® s i EAR JANE JORDAN—I am 20 years old and have met a girl who means a lot to me. I work as a messenger. and see her almost every day. We

‘don’t have much time to talk. I had another fellow

speak to her about giving me a date for I was afraid to come right out and ask her because you know some girls are funny that way. Now I see where I should have done my own speaking. I finally got up enough courage and asked her for a date but she refused. She says she likes me but doesn’t give any reasons for not going with me. ‘I don’t have any bad habits except smoking but I don’t think that is the trouble. I don’t have a car like other fellows Sl don’t make much, How can I win her? Do you dl I should try, or shall I forget about her? + THINKING ABOUT IT ALL,

. Answer—Some men persist until she gives them date, but I wouldn’t work too hard at it. The next time she turns you down, give up and let her alone. When there are so many girls to choose from, w all this over ‘one? JANE JORDAN, 4

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan who will answer your questions in this column daily. i

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The spirit of republican Spain is his hero. this spirit. when it is still an infant, 1 he shows growth, the hardening of its muscles the shocks of war, the forging of a the fires of destruction. ; This is a novel of the ‘People’s of the clash of i eals and