Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1938 — Page 12

"Scientist Says Youth ~ Wants Sex Training; Coffee Cup Studied

Richmond Group Warned To Be Human, Beware Of Medievalism.

RICHMOND, Va., Dec. 30 (U. PJ). —American children want sex education but parents offer the greatest obstacle to initiation of such instruction in public schools, Benjamin H. Gruenberg, consultant of the . UU. S. Public Health Service, said today. - Addressing the closing Session of the American Association for the . Advancement of Science convention, Mr. Gruenberg pleaded for intelligent dissemination of sex knowledge ‘in secondary schools. . He said the U. S. Public Health Service has gathered “a considerable mass of documentary evidence from secondary school boys and girls” indicating that the students want sex instruction. “To the question, ‘What part of the (biology) course has been most ‘helpful?’ 75 per cent of the students surveyed answered ‘study of the human body or reproduction and sex hygiene,’ ” he said. Ninety-four per cent reported that their biology courses aided them in making social contacts, choosing a mate and establishing a home. : : Parents, however, generally oppose -sex instruction at school, he said. :

- Psychiatrist Warns Of Medieval Trend

(Copyright. i938.. bv Science Strvice) RICHMOND, Dec. 30.—Scientists studying the conduct and mind of man must push their work forward fast if they are to outdistance the “forces that now threaten to herd up back into the Middle Ages.” With this. warning, Dr. Harry Stack Sullivan, William Alanson White Psychiatric Foundation president, Washington, D. C., summarized the reports at a special session of the symposium of mental health held in connection with the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, here this afternoon. : “We have come a long way Indeed,” said Dr. Sullivan, “from the days, now reappearing in Europe, when everyone had to subscribe to an official account of what is right to believe and proper to do. “The spirit of free inquiry .is especially profitable in terms of human happiness when it brings about the union of the psychiatric and the social sciences.

Man Creature of Science

“Man is far more a product of culture. of the forces that make up civilization, than is he a creature of the natural science. ; “We need to know all that we can learn about his heredity, physical’ makeup, nutrition, and physiology. But even more important in these ~ _ days of alarm and excursion, of international misdemeanor and crime, we must hurry to an understanding of man living as a person among others.” : Neither psychiatry alone, nor the social sciences alone can hops to solve current urgent problems. Dr. Sullivan said. “By a pooling of techniques, kowever, and a redefinition of fields, a great deal can be accomplished quickly,” he said.

Scientists Must Not Forget Man

The tendency of scientists. to become engrossed in the facts of their own particular field to the eXclusion of the broader meaning of their findings was deplored by Dr. Edward Sapir, Sterling professor of anthropology and linguistics at Yale

Mathematician Declares One Stirring Is Enough.

. “Copyright, 1938, by Science Service WILLIAMSBURG, Va. Dec. 30.— A bit of mathematics was sprinkled into the American ‘breakfast. coffee cup here today and the verdict is that it is not necessary to be too careful in stirring your coffee. This is one of the consequences of some new theorems presented to the American Mathematical Society by J. C. Oxtoby, one of Harvard's junior fellows who is researching in mathematics. His paper concerned “metrically transitive” transformation. A single stir of a cup of coffee is one example of transformation: It carries, or “transforms,” each drop of coffee to some definite new position in the cup. Mr. Oxtoby’s methods applied to this particular case show with mathematical certainty,that if such a single stir, or transformation, is applied repeatedly, it is al-

most certain that every bit of coffee!

will ultimately be adjacent to some drop of cream. Mr. Oxtoby’s new theorems, which are reiated to the so-called ergodic problem, were invented primarily for certain outstanding problems in statistical mechanics, a subject of current importance in theoretical physics and aerodynamics.

Psalm Translation Called Erroneous

Copyright, 1938, by Science Service ; NEW YORK, Dec. 30.—Two of the best-known Bible Psalms—the 23d and 121st—have long been misinterpreted, theological srhrlars wara told here this morning by Dr. Julius Morgenstern, Hebrew uUii..u Louise president, speaking before the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis. Both these Psalms are always understood correctly as voicing the theme of perfect faith in God, Dr. Morgenstern said, but mistaken phrases have spoiled the literary peauty and perfect symbolism.

——y—

University. The college professor earning $1500 a year, the farmer getting only $500, and the bank vice presi-| dent making $500,000 are more than | just parts of a table of statistics of | income, as they may seem to the economist, he said. They are men with diverse problems arising: from | these particular incomes. Professors ‘who éarnh: only $1500 a year must go in for plain living and high thinking, Dr. Sapir said. Unless they have good health and are happily married and: intelligent, it will be hard for them to stave off that corroding envy of the banker which “is not very good for either the digestive tract of the personality organization.” Banker Has Troubles

The farmer on $500 is too busy to know whether his health is good or bad: or whether he is happily married or not, he went on. “It is only ! when the sober, inevitable, corroding impoverishment of the farmer’s personality is lit up by some spectacular morbidity of sex or religion that the psychiatrist or novelist or poet is attracted to him.” The banker probably has his - troubles, too. “Perhaps he too inclines to suffer from an economic ill—that obscure, _ perverse, guilty feeling which, the psychiatrist tells us, so often festers in one’s heart of hearts: when one tries to balance one’s usefulness to society with the size of one's income.” : :

WPA DISTRIBUTES CLOTHES WASHINGTON, Dec.’ 30 (U. P.).— WPA officials said today that nearly 100,000 garments a day are being distributed to needy families throughout the country in connection with the Government's $15,750,000 clothing distribution program. ; .

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as a despairing fear of the hills where bandits, dangerous paths, sunstroke and other hazards lurk, he said. The verse would then read, “i

will lift up my eyes to the hills.

From whence cometh my help?” The word “table” in the 23d Psalm lis a mistake that has crept into the | Hebrew text of the Bible by the add- | ing of a final N to the Hebrew word

| for spear, he said. The verse should

read, instead of “preparing a table” that the shepherd “arrays his ! spear” before the sheep against the wolves and jackals. ’

Sun Has ‘Governor,’ Astronomer Believes

solar atmosphere explaining the motions of the great flaming prominences which are projected thousands of miles into space from the sun, was presented to the American Astronomical Society today by Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Harvard University astronomer. A strange atomic “governor,” Dr. Menzel stated, may conirol the speeds at which the giant flames are shot into space. Apparently defying the laws of gravity, the prominences have been observed to move with uniform velocities. Whether spurting out or falling back, a flame moves for a period at one speed, then sucidenly may accelerate or decelerate, and then moves for a while at the new

| S

peed. By the Menzel theory for the first time the peculiar speed characteristics and levitation effect may be explained in terms of radiation pres- | sure alone, without conjecture as to possible action of other forces, magnetic or electrical. According to Dr. Menzel's theory, if, in addition, there ate bright emissions of hydrogen light hid in the far ultraviolet, the solar hy-

‘| drogen atoms suddenly impelled up

or down by excess pressures are subjected to a control which tends to equalize the gravity and radiation pressures, or in other words to make the new velocity constant. Because the earth’s atmosphere is opaque to these radiations, we cannot observe them directly. but only infer their existence from studies of the sun’s‘ atmosphere.

Milky Way Remeasured

Earlier, another Harvard astronomer presented a new measurement of our own island universe, the Milky Way. By study of the useful clustertype Cepheid variable stars. whose | distances can be readily determined, found that the globe

TAX STUDY BEGINS FOR OLD-AGE PLAN

Seek Means to Set Up U. S. Townsend Scheme.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (U. PJ. —Louis C. Silva, former chief

deputy tax commissioner of the Territory of Hawaii, opened headquarters here today for a tax study of the United States for Dr. Francis E. Townsend, originator of the Townsend National Recovery Plan. Mr. Silva said he would gather statistics designed to indicate whether a tax similar to Hawaii's gross income tax might be applicable in this country to pay old-age pensions. Hawaii's gross income tax, Mr. Silva said, was highly successful and now raises: $4,000,000 annually for the Territory. He described the tax as “a most equitable one.” Mr. Silva, who served as deputy tax commissioner in Hawaii for more than four years, described himself as “merely a fact-finder for Dr. Townsend.” He said he was under contract for one year.

of stars surrounding the dense disc of the Milky Way is more than 60,000 light years thick.

The most distant objects of this ||

globe are farther away than the Magellanic Clouds, our satellite. galaxy neighbors, Dr. Shapely said. “Thus, these external systems may, in a tenuous way, be said to lie within the globe of stars that constitute the outer fringes of the Milky Way.” Probably 95 per cent of all known stars, whether variable or not, are within a thousand light years of the Milky Way plane, Dr. Shapely said. But the observed cluster-type variables extend outward from that plane to distances of 50,000 light years or more. Evidence that the extremely distant Cepheids are part of the Milky Way system lies in the fact that the “population density” of these stars, or the average number ‘of stars per unit volume of space, falls off rapidly at greater distances from the Milky Way. : At a distance of 30,000 light years from the plane the density is about one-thousandth of that near the plane, Dr. Shapely said. Clearly then the stars are members of our system, and do not represent a random distribution of stars through space.

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