Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 December 1938 — Page 22
agab on:
From Indiana=Ernie Pyle
Brazilians Raise Coffee Like We Raise Apples and There's Really Nothing Very Mysterious About It.
(CAMPINAS, Brazil, Dec. 22.—I had some vague idea that coffee raising was mysterious. I thought they grew it upside down between rows of snakes, and had to sit up with it at night and bring it gifts once in a while. | jo In all this time, it has never once occurred to me that the way you raise coffee is Just to raise coffee. But that’s what they do—they just raise coffee. Like | we raise apples, for instance. A caffee plantation is called a fazenda. The country around Campinas is very old coffee |country, In fact, it is so old it is about worn out, and they're starting to switch over ta cotton. The fazendas left around here are fairly small, and so old. The heart of the Brazilian coffee country now lies to_the west, farther
toward the interior." You can go for | :
200 miles, and [still be in coffee country. : | The fazenda was about two miles off the road, over a dirt lane. The owner's big square house sits behind a walled gateway arched with vines and flowers. A tall, sandy-haired man met us. He had on a brown duck sport coat, a’ white silk kerchief around . his neck, and a wide felt hat. He was the superintendent. Yes, he would be delighted to show us the fazenda. We would have to go horseback. While the horses were being prepargd, we would have coffee. So we went into the superinténdent’s home. It "was an old house, hut the board floors actually sparkled from scrubbing. The furniture was sparse and old-fashioned. Big pictures of Swiss ancestors in oval frames hung on the walls. ; We sat around | the| dining ropm table. brought in glassés of sweet, syrupy And after awhile, a| pot of coffee and little cups. The coffee was grown, processed, roasted and everything else right on this fazenda. It sure was good. I was the only one who had|two cups.
He's Quite a Horseman
This fazenda is about 1200 acres. The owners live in Sao Paulo, but come out frequently. Including women and children, there are about 150 people on the fazenda. They live in two little adobe villages, all ie connected, making one long, narrow building.
Mr. Pyle
A girl
Their living conditions do not appeal to me at all. A coffee tree starts bearing about four years after being planted, keeps on increasing its yield till it’s about 40, and then dwindles off. But there are coffee trees still bearing that are 100 years old. The trees are planted in rows, about eight feet apart. They are big bushes, rather than trees. They average about as high as your head, aithough some are higher. The horses were ready. Mine was a white one. We rode on English saddles. I had a feeling I was going to fall off. I could tell that the superintendent expected me to. But much to my surprise, I rode like a Cossack. At least like an old, crippied Cossack. We went way out into the fields. The land was rolling, and after awhile we could stop and look back down upon the fazenda buildings, and all over the rolling fields. : Narrow lanes run through the! fields. We could have driven around in the car, as a matter of fact, but that isn’t the custom. We stopped and examined the coffee bushes. The new berries were just beginning to form. I pulled some off and put them in my
pocket. I'll find them there next year. Maybe I can.
sell them to some big company. : - The inspection tour was exactly as thrilling as riding around a wheat field. The sun was hot, and I was pleased at getting 2 sunburn. We rode about an hour, and then got in the car and drove away. That's
how they raise coffee.
My Diary
By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
Hyde Park Industries Turned Over
To Workers, She Visits Their Store.
EW YORK CITY, Wednesday.—Yesterday morning I went up to the Women’s Trade Union League Club House to dress the tree and found that kind friends had done most of the real work, so I spent a very short time there and was able to do a few errands and return to my apartment to have two friends lunch with me. 4 In the afternoon I had one of those pleasant experiences which come to all of us occasionally. In the last few months we have turned over our various in= dustries at Hyde Park to the workers, believing that they are now in a position to take the responsibility . of running them themselves. = The woman who does the weaving is set up in a little house on the highway. The young men who do the hand-wrought pewter and make very lovely cherry wood salad bowls and other small wooden articles, have their shop near the cottage buildings, and our head man who had taken over the furniture making, has it in his barn at East Park. All three needed ar outlet for their wares and yesterday afternoon invited me to come to. 130 E. 51st St., where they have joined with some other. Americans of Scandinavian extraction and have established a small shop. Here they have everything one can want for skiing. The tropic wood skiis and other varieties and every"thing else within a wide range of prices, from poles to shoes and hand-knit socks, caps and stockings. It is interesting to see handmade Scandinavian articles side by side with : country. I must say I was very proud of the pewter the woodwork and the weaving, It stood comparison very well, .
Buys Some More Presents |
Of course, it is possible fo buy many pewter articles which are attractive, but which are made by machine. But anyone who really loves pewter can tell the difference in the texture and the feeling of a handmade - article, just as one can in woodwork and weaving. I had already bought all my Christmas presents,
young people are, and to see so much activity going | on, that I even bought cone or two more things .to || stuff into Christmas stockings! I do wish them great ||
good luck and I think anyone interested in the type ‘of things they have will find a visit profitable. While there I met a young Norwegian girl who is over here doing exhibition ski jumping. She is pretty
and very good ab jumping, they tell me. She per- |
formed here in early December in Madison Square Garden and is now going somewhere in the Far West.
My annual Christmas tree party for the children | at the Women’s Trade Union League Club House in | ful and I left the |
the afternoon seemed to be succ children eating ice cream and cake very happily. It was a pleasant experience [last night to take part in the program of “We the People” and to find myself sitting next to Mr. Will Moore, whom we - usually see at Warm Springs, Ga. He read portions from his great-grandfather’s pgem: “The Night Before Christmas.” If I had had the time, I would have told him that this is one of the few poems my - husband enjoys reading aloud, too.
Day-by-Day Science
By Science Services Fok ANE of the neat landmarks in Greek art and archeology has been wiped out. The landmark ‘was as familiar to classical students as the year 1776 in American history. It was briefly this: That the year ‘Alexander the Great died, 423 B. C., marked the end of the Greek Hellenic era and what it stood for, and _ the beginning of all things Hellenistic. - : : Actually, it now appears that Greeks were going ~ Hellenistic for generations before that. Excavations at Olynthus have revealed realistic statues and mosaics, such as Supposedly only the Hellenistic Greek world intrbduced. - Olynthus was' Hellenistic before its time, even in the plan of its streets. And yet—Olynthus was wiped off the earth in one terrific day of destruction by (Alexander ’s 1 Pl The
lemonade.
articles made by hand in our own,
Second Section
e In lanapolis ;
THURSDAY; DECEMBER 22, 1938
Alaska Offers
‘Whip Hand’ n Pacific
In this story, the third of a Series, Maj. Al Williams outlines his opinions on the defense of the West Coast and suggests an air power stratagem as the solution.
y Maj. Al Williams
Times Special Writer AR power operating "= froth Alaska offers the United States the whip hand in the Pacific. The “low road” to Japan is across the mid-Pacific ith California as the near-
Japan. It is a vulnerable line for sgmmunications and supplies, and is open to slashing attacks. {| The “high road” to Japan starts at land plane air bases that could be built in the northwest tip of uthern Alaska, and extends in 3000-mile “great circle” fligh o Tokyo. ? | Even though the total mileage of the high road, from Alaska to Japan and Alaska back to the factories of the United States, ould not be much less than the ow road over the Pacific, the reater part of the high road ould be in the air and free rom attack or enemy interruption. : The Japanese cquld just as easly attack our air bases in Alaska as our bombers could get at Japan. But they would be bombing our military establishments only while we would be getting at the heart of the Japanese homeand. And since the latter is the true aim of air power, it would mean a tremendous advantage for the United States | Heavy concentration of air powler in Alaska would change the entire scheme of things. For our defensive attitude in the Pacific, we
the heart of Japan | Since air attack is superior to the defense against it, we would be playing air power cards in proper sequence—if we had the air power. With no adequate defense against air attack, there is only one answer to a threatened air war, and that is to beat the other fellow to the punch—or threaten to do it with more chances of wreaking wholesale |devastation than he cares to contemplate. - | A ” 2 ” | VERWHELMING American | air power in Alaska would about duplicate the trump card Russia owns in her gigantic air base at Vladivostok. I heard an ‘eminent British Naval expert say (that were it not for the threat
launched irom Vladivostok against Japan’s capital cities, that Japan would have washed out Russia in the Far East long ago. Vladivostok is only approximately 500 miles from the heart of Japan, a distance easily within the range of modern bombers. The true development of Amer=
st permanent base—mote han 6000 miles from .
would be holding a spear point at
lof Russia ‘air bombardment
GUAM TO
~ === HONOLULU
4000 MILES |
. Contending that threat of bombardment is the best defense, Maj.
Williams ‘believes a gigantic air base im Alaska would afford excellent
protection for our West Coast, due to a superior airline to the Orient.
HONOLULU TO CALIFORNIA | 2400 MILES
4
2 prt
He questions the ability of such bombers as the “flying battleship,” above left, pointing to the great wind. resistance of the hull, a big handicap to speed so essential in air warfare.
red as Second-Class Matter lostoffice, Indianapolis, Ind.
t
By Anton Scherrer
> Recalling Doc Quainfance, the Old ~ Sidewalk Vendor, and How: d The Laugh on His Rival, Slick Sam.
OR some reason, the best pitch peddlers I remember always hung around the corner of Washington and Meridian Sts., and nearly always on the south side of the street, probably because that was the shady side in summer, the season of the year they did their biggest business around here. ] ; Doc Quaintance, the Joyful Oil Man who looked and acted like a blind man, but wasn’t, sold jhis cure~ - all on the southeast. corner for I . don’t know how many years. ‘His stand, I remember, stood astride the gutter in such a way that it obstructed the street quite as: much as it did the sidewalk. On rainy days and very hot days Doc took up even more room because on those occasions he put up an enormous colored umbrella. which narrowed the width of Meridian St. considerably and made it difficult for draymen to pass. Every once in a while ‘some testy in newspapers ,complainii occupied, but it never got them anywhere that Doc had a stand-in with the mercha; neighborhood who let hin have his way. |
his own way until one day a flashy young individual by the name of Sam ick Sam they nicknamed him —blew into town, and pitched his st southwest corner. Sam guaranteed to gr bald heads and had a line of talk that made me feel sorry for Dr. Quainfance who by this time was getting to be too -old to cope with a youngster brought . ‘up in the school of super-salesmanship. : Sam called his product Lot's Water. .| He didn’t get: to that point, however, until he had developed his line of talk, a line replete with literary and historical allusions which were nifty enough not only to collect a crowd but hold it spellbound until he was ready to spill his secret.
It Gave Doc an Idea
It was Sam’s allusion to the Battle of Jena, .for instance, that got me started to investigate the life of Napoleon. Sam said it was after the famous battle in which the Germans were completely defeated that a famous rnilitary surgeon noticed the appalling number of bhaldheaded Germans. Sur-
covered that the caps they wore were responsible for their plight. The air having no way of getting in
ican air power would bring us & tremendous .advantage that is not within reach of Japan. Japan has done wonders in building a sizable air force, but the greater part of that air machinery is merely imitations of plans and specifications purchased from the United States, England, France, Germany and Italy. The unmistakable design trends of British and American aeronautical engineers is evident in Japan's current fighting and bombardment planes.
2B ” F the national defense system of the United States were re-
organized to provide the true
American air power which our production facilities and engineering skill can produce, our craft would far outdistance Japan's. But much will have to be done in revamping our national defense system. before we can build real power in the air, and before the Japanese would begin to worry. As it stands now, a. defensive war through our island possessions would place off naval bases thousands of miles from our West Coast, J It is 2400 miles from California to Honolulu—and 4000 miles from Honolulu to Guam, via Midway and Wake Islands. It’s true that Guam is only 1563 miles from Tokyo, but naval strategists’ doubt the possibility of the United States: holding Guam in the event of a war with Japan.
Great Britain as well as ourselves is concerned with the progress of the Japanese in establishing air bases on the islands mandéted to. them at the end;of the World War. We have been working in unison to grab off as many unclaimed islands and dot, them with .commercial air
facilities, for the same landing
‘ and service facilities can be used
for commercial and military airplanes. ile oad, Air bases now . established on Japanese islands are conceded to be, the equivalent of another sea fleet on defense. A modern naval war must be sprinkled largely with air fighting. In fact, it is the rule of thumb in naval war games: to: judge the loser as the side which first-loses its aircraft carriers and air strength.
transport
UR island bases are too far away from the West Coast of the United States for us to cone sider a defensive war in which we will stand siege from Japanese sea fleets and air fleets. Honolulu and Guam are in reality sub-hases from which our airplanes and battleships can operate. The supplies for battleships must be transported from the United States. Our aircraft factories for re-
placements of ships lost in ac-
tion are in the United States. Equipment must be transported
‘across thousands of miles of open
sea. The nearness of Guam to Japan is the.fundamental reason why naval experts argue that we would be unable to hold it for long. Driven back to Honolulu we
"would be defending a post 2390
miles from California—with the Japanese fleet 3800 miles frem home bases. No matter where we turn in any plans for war with Japan in the far Pacific we find ourselves scheming to defend what we have, and with only remote chance of making a single stab at Japan proper with air power alone—not a chance with sea power. The Navy concentrates its full striking force on the West Coast and in the Pacific. This includes aircraft because practically all of the so-called - first-line fighting planes of the sea service are assigned to the fleet. They are long range patrol bombing flying boats, seaplanes attached to the battle-
ships and cruisers, and landplanes.
on aircraft carriers. 4 z 2
HE long-range patrol bomber has been emphasized and developed rapidly by the Navy in the last few years and the progress
they have made in this regard is.
testified to by the routine flights of squadrons from California to Hawaii, to the Canal Zone and to Alaska. : But today there are only 227 twin-engined patrol bombers, of
the popular Consolidated type. In
addition therc are 43 older models, but they are on limited status end
" hardly should be counted in as
being “modern,” in the sense the 227 are. : : However, it is becoming recognized—even by many who do not
fully subscribe to the potentialities of air power—that shore-based aircraft (landplanes) are superior in bomb-carrying capacity, range and speed, to ship-based warplanes and flying boats.
” ”» tf 4 O care for these big planes,
the Navy only has two tend-
ers—the former aircraft carrier “Langley,” a converted old collier, and the former balloon tender “Wright.” Both are obsolete. Of course there are several small vessels, formerly mine sweepers,
but they are merely gas stations at sea, and because of their slow . speed and small size are hardly
suitable for extensive service.
Since the Navy. patrol bombers must come to shore once in awhile for maintenance and rest, the two naval seaplane shore bases at Seattle and San Diego are overtaxed, but this pressure will be relieved somewhat by the completion of a base at San Pedro, near Los Angeles. What about Alaska? The Navy
is building an air base at Sitka
and it has completed surveys for two more, one at Kddiak, and the other farther westward, or closer to Japan in the Aleutian Islands. And under present Government policy, ‘the Navy has the exclusive job of defending this area from Alaska to Hawaii to the Canal Zone as the minimum deadline for our frontier in the Pacific. And.if it would pour every last airplane declared safe to fly into this Pacific area, the total. today would stand at 1415 planes. This, of course, would leave nothing for
- the East Coast and the Caribbean.
With this shortage of planes comes the same pathetic shortage of pilots. Just how fast regular Navy officer pilots are being turned out by. the Navy at Pensacola or how many students they can accommodate at any given period is a Navy secret, although
‘the Army does not hesitate to
publish its figures on the subject. In undertaking the exclusive job of defending the Pacific, thé Chief of Naval Operations has told Congress that the very minimum number of ‘long range patrol bombers required for adequate defense of the Pacific alone is 428. To this must be added another 150 or more for defense plans over other waters touching our shores,
- making the total desirable patrol
boat strength 600 planes, 8 »
HE Navy's present plane pro-'!
gram calls for a limit of 3000 aircraft of all types necessary for is specialistic operations, and if this ‘number 1s reached, more tenders, more carriers, more shore bases and more pilots and mechanics will be needed. Perhaps in the secret. war cqQuncils in Washington there are plans
for co-operative work between the
Navy’s patrol bombers, singleseater fighters on carriers, and the Army's long-range bombers and pursuit squadrons. But the public knowledge is that the Army Air Corps has been restricted to a zone 100 miles from shore and is not permitted to engage in any overocean flights. - This is detrimental to our national defense because it bottles up a branch of our Army Air Corps which has demonstrated, by its flight from the United States to Argentina in 1938, that it can go anywhere on a moment’s notice and carry out its mission effectively. Even more important is the statement I am able to make of my own knowledge that the Army has outlined g flight from March Field, Riverside, Cal. (the location of a bombardment group of four‘engined bombers of the General Headquarters Air Force), to Alaska, thence to Hawaii, down to the Panama Canal, over to Puerto Rico and back to Langley Field, Va. But since a policy limits these landplane bombers to 100 miles at sea, it looks like our aerial defense of the Pacific will rest upon the slower, twin-engined flying boats whose war load must be light. The heavy hull of a flying boat represents a tremendous percentage of what a similar longrange landplane bomber can carry in bombs. In spite of the acknowledged shortage of Navy pilots and planes claimed by the Chief of Naval op“erations, the Navy insists upon handling the Pacific air defense alone, to the exclusion of Army air power.
NEXT—Summary of aviation’s part in the defense of the United States. ;
Side Glances—By
put I was so pleased to find how enterprising these |
Clark
COPR. 1938 BY NEA
BERVICE, IN(
=
OF] ey
"Where are the scissors? | can't get the cellophane off this Yule
Everyday Movies—By Wortman
-—
7 - 7 A (EN
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE.
1—Where is-the sting of a scorpion located? : x
2—How many grains are in a Troy ounce?
« 3—Which great city in Italy is on the banks of the Tiber °
River? 4—Whom did Henry Armstrong defeat in defense of the world’s welterweight chamepionship? 5—Name the third ranking State of the U. S. in area. 6—1Is the National Housing Committee an agency of the Federal Government? 3 7—In which war was the Battle of Shiloh?’
2 8 =n Answers 1—At the top of the tail. 2—480 '
3—Rome. 4—Ceferino Garcia. 5—Montana. 6—No. : 7—American Civil War. ; 2 2 ®
_ ASK THE TIMES
Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times Washington Service Bureau, 1013 13th St, N. W. Washington, D. C. Legal and medical advice cannot be given nor can
destroyed the vitality of the hair, said Sam. Well, by that time, of course, Sam Was ready to sell his stuff. Nine out of every 10 c mers wore . caps. I remember, too, that with every sale went Sam’s promise of a hundred dollars to the man who couldn’t show signs of hair after having used Lot’s Water. One day I was lucky enough to be present when somebody (sure, he wore a cap) falled Sam's bluft.. > “Let me see your scalp,” said Sam.| Then with a microscope He examined the head of the kicker and declared that the hair was growihg all right, but that it was growing the wrong way. It was growing in, said Sam. With that, he packed up his satchel and left the corner. He never showed up in Indianapolis again. Doc Quaintance stuciz to his corner, however, but he was a different man after Sam left. | Soon as Doc had the corner to himself again, he announced that Joyful Oil besides being good for all] the ills ads vertised on the bottle, was also good for growing hair on bald heads. 1.
Jane Jordan— Wife Told She Is Foolish to Worry Over. Antics of Mischief Maker. |
EAR JANE JORDAN—I hardly knpw just how to ! tell you my problem. My husband has a busi- | ness. He is’a fine man, highly spoken pf by everyone, ‘I have never been jealous of him. I hate jealousy. A woman whom he had known for 10 years came in his place of business and he talked nicely {to her just liks you would talk to any neighbor. ter that she stopped me and said, “Your husband and I have talked for hours. He thinks so much of me |and I like him so much.” Now it isn’t exactly what she said but the way she said it that matters. Thursday afternoon when she knew I was away she came up fo see him | but he was gone. My husband said she would never get inside the door if I wasn’t home. [She has a fam= ily and has a very jeslous disposition; she is really mean. She told me that if some people knew how happy 1 was with my husband they would surely cause me trouble. At first she tried tg discuss my husband’s former wife, who died, but finally quit, She keeps calling me and saying lerent little things to hurt me. I was always taught to be a lady and IT wouldn’t do anything t¢ hurt anyone but I don’t know just how to handle her, Ei P.B..
Answer—I must confess that| this does not sound : like a very big problem to me. I can’t see why you need to be upset by the silly maneuvers of a woman bent upon attracting your husbands attention, I imagine he is amply able to take care of himself. As" you have expressed your confiderice/ in hig, what do you have to worry about? hy : You would do well to avoid the woman as’much as possible but when you are obliged/-to meet her, let your manner be pleasant and impersonal. Ignore the remarks which are intended to disturb your peace of mind. The weather is the only safe topic of discussion with such a mischief maker. ] : sz =n 8
EAR JANE JORDAN—I am.a girl in love. I loved time ago. We were orice engaged, but had a quarrel and he left. Then he married another woman, one who was much older fhan he. If almost killed me when I found -out he was married for I love him so much. I thought all the time he| loved me, but I finally got over it. He and his wife did not live to= gether long. About two menths ago he told me he was sorry that he married her and that he really loved me and wanted me to marry him. | I want you to give me your advice, . BROWN EYES.
Answer—If he married a woman whom he does not . love, that is his bad luck. Why should he come back and cry on your shoulder? He does not rate your sympathy. Let him settle his life in his own way. You will be smart.to wash your hands of him and his problems. 1 | JANE JORDAN Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan who will answer your questions in this column daily.
\ J
New Books Today
Public Library Presents—
‘ANY are the books of brightly personal travel 4 ventures we have had from E. Alexander Pg ell. In GONE ARE THE DAYS (Little) he turns another era, giving us a detailed and humorous p of his boyhood days in Syracuse. Here we see life ing the last two decades ‘of the 19th Century was lived, not only in Syracuse/ but in all the vincial gities of the North. | aE NS “Gone forever,” he says, “like tional life of which they were chars homely upstate scenes I have attempted to paper. Gone are the women in their and ridiculous little bonnets” Be their broadcloth Prince Alberts ig an wi Gone,
. o a
prised, he made inquiries as to the cause and dis-
this boy at first sight. He boarded with us some =