Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 December 1938 — Page 13

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From Indiana =_Ernie Pyle New Found Friends Prove to Be Veterans of Gran Chaco War With Many Interesting Stories to Tell.

N THE RIO PARAGUAY, Dec. 12.—Isn’t it always true that when you take a short voyage by boat, you never really get acquainted with anybody till the last day,

and then you have to get off? But maybe

that’s best, for it leaves pleasant memories. I have spoken of our Bolivian friend—Alfredo Estensser.. He speaks no English except “Thank you”

; and “Good worming But through Hugh and Miriam

Jencks we sit for hours together and talk Senor Estensser is a chemist, a teacher and an oil man. He is still no more than 35, I would say. He is witty, gay, immaculately dressed, and you can sense the sharpness of his mind by the way he always catches exactly what we mean through the haze of our poor Spanish. He is in charge of a group of 24 Bolivian boys who have been on a long trip. They are all recent graduates of the School of Oil Technology. in La Paz. They are the future oil men of Bolvia. The Government is seeing to that. After graduation, the Bolivian Government sent them on the long journey from La Paz, through Buenos Aires, and on down to the great Argentine oil fields of Patagonia. They have been down there seven months—working, studying, getting practical experiences ; Now they are on their way home. We have seen many of them around deck. Almost without - exception they are fine-looking boys, well-dressed, wellbehaved, Their average age is about 23, I would

Mr. Pyle

ay. . : I don’t know just how it happened, but this afternoon gne of the boys came up and began talking to us—in English

He told us he had learned his English at the |

He had never been He had served two

American school in La Paz. to an English-speaking country.years in the great Chaco War. In fact, nearly all the boys had been in the war. Some of them had their discharge papers in little booklets, like passports. They got them out and showed them to us. By the dates of their births, we could see they had entered the war when almost children. Senor Estensser had said nothing to us about the war. But now the boys made him show us his papers. It was a citation for bravery. He was an officer, and and fought three years.

German Group on Boat

Our English-speaking boy was named J. Gaston Guesman. We exchanged addresses. He got his camera, and had a group picture of us taken kneeling on deck. Also in the picture we had a German immigrant woman. She and her husband were part of a group of 25 who voluntarily had left Germany forever, to come to Paraguay and set up farming and a new life in a new land. The afternoon passed pleasantly. A couple of the boys who spoke no English at all stayed with us. We talked and looked for alligators together. They told us many things about the Chaco War. How the Bolivian boys, mostly from the mountains, suffered from the heat and low altitude of the Chaco. Our boy himself had almost died of malaria, and he had seen his cousin riddled with machine gun bullets until he was dead. He told us of the terrible food, and how, when the war was over, they exchanged gifts with the Paraguayan soldiers, just anything they could dig out of their pockets. He told us that the Bolivians and Paraguayans are friends, now. He said that many of the Bolivian prisoners taken into Asuncion later married Paraguayan girls. In fact, we have one of them on the boat. She married a Bolivian prisoner, and after the war went back with him te La Paz. ® This is her first trip home to Paraguay. “Yes,” he told us, she had married a prisoner of war. “And now,” she said, “he is a priconer of love.” She smiled and blushed. And then, apparently thinking that egotistical, she said, “I mean I am a prisoner of love.”

My Diary

By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Old Acquaintances Renewed at |

Meeting of Public Welfare Group.

ASHINGTON, Sunday—I must go back fo tell you something of what has been going on the last few days, for they have indeed been typically busy days of the Washington season.

Friday night I presided at the dinner of the American Public Welfare Association. The last.time I had been with them was in Montreal three years ago. This dinner seems to me rather a family affair,

. for many of those who attended have worked together

a great many years. The heads of various Government agencies spoke briefly and Mr. Frank Bane, who recently resigned from the Social Security Board to take a position as executive director of -the Council of State Governments, gave a most interesting address which brought out the point that public welfare along every line is only achieved through co-operation. Saturday morning was filled with personal engagements, but at 1 o'clock I attended the luncheon given by the Women’s Auxilliary of the Police Boys Clubs. They showed some very interesting movies of the camp activities. I was glad to find that a gentle-

man from Detroit had come to investigate what is.

being done here, for I think that Maj. Brown and his colleagues in the Police Department are doing a very remarkable piece of work which would be helpful in

- other communities.

Thinks Postal Mural Charming

From there we went to the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department to look at the sketches made for the murals in the Bethesda, Maryland, postoffice. The competition was won by Robert Gates whose sketch is charming. I think these postoffices are making the country more and more conscious of decorative, artistic values. Finally I went back to the White House for the presentation of the new White House piano. Mr. Theodore Steinway recalled that they had presented the first piano in Theodore Roosevelt’s Administration. They are now presenting the second one ta the nation in gratitude for what the United States has meant to them... It is ‘a full size concert grand made of the finest Honduras mahogany. Mr. Eric Gugler, a distinguished New York architect, is responsible for the general design and co-ordination of the entire project, which is a collaboration of may arts and crafts. ‘The President, with his usual eye for ornithology,

remarked that Mr. Albert Stewart, the well-known ;

sculptor, had modelled eagles which really were eagles. The ceremony was very charming and had an emotional quality, for everybody felt that this was in some way symbolic of the increased interest in music in this country. Mr. Josef Hofmann christened the piano by playing beautifully for the pleasure of all those’ present.

Bob Burns Says—

OLLYWOOD, Dec. 12.—There ain't no romance : in buyin’ a suit now like there used to be when I was a boy. When I put on a new suit, my family don’t notice it unless I call their attention to it. I remember when papa used fo buy a new suit, the whoié family’d go to town with him to. help him pick it out. One time when he was about to buy a suit, I

turned the pants wrong side out and said, “1

don’t like the color.” The storekeeper says “That don’t make no difference—that’s on the inside.” I says “Yes, but that’s the side that'll bg turned out makes ‘em 1 7 z

“mel”

e Indianapolis

‘Imes

Second Seétion

By DR. GEORGE GALLUP Director, American Institute of Public Opinion EW YORK, Dec. 12.—As the Dies Committee winds up its investigations of un-American activities after several months of stormy hearings, a survey by the American Institute of Public Opinion indicates that the rank and file of

American voters believe the hearings have justi-

fied themselves and should be continued. . The public's verdict does not mean that American voters approve of

everything Chairman Martin

Dies and his six-man committee have done, the survey shows. Some voters believe that the committee has “listened to too many crackpots.” Others condemn it for engaging in “outsight propaganda,” in “partiality” or “sheer hullabaloo.” But the survey does give one more indication that Americans are con- — cerned about foreign “isms” and their Dr. Gallup possible extent in this country, especially in view of the bloodshedding and suppressions that have marked the course of these “isms” elsewhere. The survey shows, first, that approximately three voters in every five are familiar with the Dies Committee. 3 Secondly, it shows that among those who know something of the work of the committee, nearly three voters in every four believe its hearings should be continued,

The Dies Committee has been in hot water with “liberals” and New Dealers ever since its hearings began, last summer. The Committee’s critics have charged it with not listening to both sides, with disregarding the rules of evidence and with attempting to cause the defeat of New Deal candidates in the November elections.

But today’s survey indicates that the critics of the committee have not succeeded in discrediting it with the majority of voters, although a strong and emphatic minority do believe the committee has been discredited. These facts are important in view of Chairman Dies’ probable attempt to raise further appropriations for his Committee in the new Congress which convenes in Washington in a few weeks.

8 2 8

Ir conducting the test of sentiment on the Dies Committee, the Institute used its nation-wide staff of 700 field investigators, located in key areas throughout the country, to interview a representative cross-section of the voting population. The sampling includes Northerners and Southerners, Midwest farmers and West Coast dock workers, Democrats, Republicans end members of every economic group in correct proportions. The voters were asked: (1) Have you heard about the Dies Committee for Investigating un-American Activities? (2) Do you think its findings have been important enough to justify continuing the investigation? The results show that while the work of the committee is better known in the East than elsewhere, the committee’s work has left the best impression in the South and in the automobile-manufacturing states of the Great Lakes area, including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. Only those who said they had heard of the Dies Committee were asked to give an opinion about it, and the actual vote of these persons is: For Continuing Investigations..cccecsccess 74% Against Continuing .....ccccccocssccccess 26% 2 2 8

UST as important as the mathematical division of the vote is the list of reasons voters give for wanting the investigations of un-American activities continued. The most commonly mentioned reasons have little to do with the actual findings of the Dies group, or with Chairman Dies’ dramatic assaults on ranking New Deal advisers which have included WPA Administrator Harry Hopkins, Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes and Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins. : “We need fo keep our eyes open in the midst of all this world trouble” is the most frequent type of comment, the survey shows.

Other comments, in the order of their appearance, are:

“We should weed out those who want to overthrow the American system.”

“There ought to be a permanent investigating com-

mittee.”

“They've only scratched the surface.” “Dies is doing a good job.” Those who oppose further investigations by the Dies Committee are a strong and emphatic minority, and their number (26 per cent in the survey) indicates that they are by po means merely composed of extremists of the Left and 1g Some of them are New Dealers, and many of them are members of labor unions, like the unemployed Detroit auto worker who told the Institute investigator he was against Dies “because he and his committee ruined Governor Murphy with their ‘red-hunting.’ ” Other frequent comments from the opposition voters are: “They’recjust wasting money and doing no > Detorer haven’t found out anything we didn’t know ore.”

Side Glances—By Clark

MONDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1938

Voters Support Dies Probe

Not Fully Indorsed, but Me rits Continuance, Gallup Poll Verdict

As the Dies Committee on un-American Activities prepares to wind up its hearings, a nation-wide survey by the American Institute of Public Opinion shows a majority of voters in favor of continwing such investigations. The survey is not a full indorsement of everything the Dies Committee has done, the comments of voters show, but reflects in a large degree the belief that America should “keep its eyes open.”

: Entered’ as Second-Class Matter at Postotfice, Indianapolis, Ind.

What Dies Survey Shows

The following figures show the votes of those who have heard of the Dies Committee in answer to the question:

DO YOU THINK ITS FINDINGS HAVE BEEN IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO JUSTIFY THE

INVESTIGATION? Yes

ses ec eevee 74%

United States .... 26%

Sections New England States.... 2% 28% Middle Atlantic States 69 31 East Central States ....coc000.. 80 20 West Central States ....cec00e00 8 22 South ...... Sedeennsnessnesense 30 : 20 WESt ....cocuesvvravasvisanecss 10 30

Parties

Democrats ..c.cocecceccssceccs 68% Republicans .....ccooeoeceeeess -83 Third Parties ...ccccocoeeeesees 71

seco osee

“They're partial instead of impartial.” “It’s just another ‘red’ hunt.” The voters of both major parties are in favor of continuing the Dies investigations, the survey shows, - and Republicans are more in favor than Democrats. Continue the Dies Committee? YES NO crennsess: 08% 32% vessesss 39 17

Democrats Republicans

Voters in the upper income groups have more often

heard about the Dies Committee, their replies show, but among those who have heard about it there is little difference in the attitude which different income classes take toward it. The vote for the country, according to income groups

Bret Continue the Dies Committee? YES NO Upper Income Group 77% 23% - Middle Income Group 73 : 21 Lower Income Group 74 ~~ 26 (Copyright, 1938)

\ COP; 1939 BY NEA SERVICE, INC. T.M. REG. U. &.AT. OFF.

x ve warned him hat he he'll have fo act better today or you. won't |

Cross-Section Key to

“tion groups in the proper proportions.

“eliminate the error. substantial error goes wrong because the persons reached |

‘assure a representative cross-section.

000. to 500,000 and 500,000 and over, (4) voters of all age

- downs by sex, age, and urban and rural residence. Elec-

"are available from many governmental and private sources.

- fers radically from old-fashioned straw polls.

Everyday iii Wortman

Gallup Poll Success

At the request of several readers, we herewith present - Dr. Gallup’s own explanation of how he achieves such a high degree of accuracy in his polls of public opinion.

HE prime determinant of accuracy in any survey of opinions is the cross-section—the balancing of populaIf the cross-section is faulty, no piling up of cases in a national survey can Almost every survey which makes a

are not representative of the entire voting population. The American Institute's statisticians have devoted years to the study of cross-sections. They have examined the voting history of every county in the United States. In preparing each’ successive sample, their task is to select types of citizens, some from each state, who together will. be representative of the entire country.

The smallest unit used in making up a cross-section is the state. No two states can be sampled in exactly the same way, but certain general principles can be illustrated. If one-third of the voters in a state live on farms, one-third of the ballots received from that state must come from farmers. If one-eighth of the voting population is on relief, one-eighth of the ballots must come from reliefers. And so on for the major population groups.

The Institute uses six statistical keys or “controls” to The sample must contain the proper proportion of (1) voters from each state, (2) men and women, (3) farm voters and voters in towns of 2500 or less, 2500 to 10,000, 10,000 to 100,000, 100,-

groups, (5) voters of above average, average and below. average incomes as well as persons on relief, and (6) Democrats, Republicans and members of other political parties. ” td 2

NHe actual number of persons in each of these six categories is found by consulting various statistical sources. The census, for example, gives population break-

tion returns show the number of Republicans, Democrats and voters of other parties. Statistics relating to income

The Institute is often asked whether it uses specific lists of names in compiling a cross-section. Ordinarily “it does not. For example, the field reporters. do not seek: to interview John Smith and William Brown, who are on relief. Instead their objective is to interview ‘a given number of. reliefers,

It can be seen that the scientific sampling nefhigl dit

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—What is a goniometer? 2—Name the; birthstone for March. 3—What is the common name for the constellation Ursa - Major? 4—Of which British colony is Singapore the capital? 5—Name the new French Ame. bassador to Germany. 6—Which state bounds Arizona. on the north? 7—What is a dip-circle? 8—Whom did Fred Apostoli defeat in his recent bout in New York City? » 8 ”

Answers

“1A device for measuring the angles of crystals. ' 2—Jasper (or Bloodstone). 3—The Dipper. 4—Straits Settlements. 5—Robert Coulondre. 6—Utah. ; 7—An instrument used for measuring the magnetic dip. 8—Young Corbet: 3.

ASK THE TIMES

Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times

2-1

In Old’ Now England’

“He s gation to be seh 2 darned: ih L guess iil be chicken t

Washington Service Bureau, 1013 13th St, N. W., Washington, D. C. Legal and medical advice cannot be given nor can i axto sarch be.

‘said there was no accounting for tastes.

. mechanism to some extent.

‘tion, there is little bitterness in her story of

PAGE 13

Our Town

By Anton Scherrer

Preferred Home Meals, but Father Knew Best Eating Places, a Talent He Shared With the Bachelors.

HAVE no way of knowing for sure, but I rather suspect that Indianapolis had more than its share of bachelors when I was a boy. Otherwise it wouldn’t be possible to explain the number of good restaurants at a

| time when everybody knocked off work at

noon to eat his dinner at home. Come to think of it, I really haven't any business taking your time to .tell about the old restaurants of Indianapolis. Efen less business to tell you about the old bachelors. I know pitifully little about either. Indeed, I wouldn't know the little I do were it not for the fact that once in a great while mother left town to visit relatives, : leaving father to see that we kids got our meals. The responsibility didn’t worry father in the least. He solved it, I remember, by taking us uptown to eat, and that’s how I happen to know the little I do about the Circle House, a Gere man restaurant run by Mrs. Rhodius, and Sherman’s Place run by a little bearded man who I guess was Mr. Sherman. Anyway, Mr. Sherman catered to American tastes. It always struck me as quite remarkable that father who always took his meals at home and never had much experience in dining out should be so good at picking the right places to eat: Even more remarke able that he should pick two good places as different as Sherman’s and the Circle House. _E=cept for the fact that both restaurants were good, they had only one thing in common, and that was the number of men customers in both places. Only once ‘in a great while did a woman customer show up. It worried me a great deal, and once I remember asking father about it. He said they were

Mr. Scherrer

‘men without wives commonly known as bachelors, and

when I asked him why they didn’t have any wives, he There was . a kind of finality about the way he said it, and that’s probably why I never pursued the subject any further,

Noodle Making Lost Art

The two places stick in my memory because of Mr. Sherman’s strawberry shortcake and Mrs. Rho= dius’ noodles. The shortcake was the piecrust variety —none of your spongecake profanities—and was baked, I remember, in big pans measuring at least two by three feet. It was a magnificent sight and, no doubt, Mr. Sherman thought so too, because he always made it a practice to have one in his show. window during the berry season. It tasted as good as it looked. As for Mrs. Rhodius’ famous noodles, they too were in a class by themselves. And that brings me to the point of today’s piece, namely a historian’s task of righting a wrong. Believe it or not, Mrs. Rhodius didn’t have anything to do with the noodles that made her famous. They were the work of Katherina Pflueger ' who presided over the Circle House kitchen. Mrs. Pflueger added a new dimension to her noodles with the result that it made all others taste like abstractions. It’s pretty much of a lost art today, but if by any chance there's anybody left in Indianapolis who knows how to make “geschnitgte nudeln,” it’s dollars to doughnuts that it follows in essential particulars the recipe handed down by Mrs. PTiveger :

Jane Jordan—

Dreams Translated Into Action Are All Right, Reader Assured.

EAR JANE JORDAN—I'm ga regular reader of your splendid column and appreciate your keen insight very much. In your column of Dec. 6 you gave some advice to a lady whose husband is poetically minded. You atrociously condemned him for trying to have beautiful thoughts and fine. You seemingly condemned all who wrote or read poetry. You flaunt everyone who dreams when everything we have today is the result of some inventive mind whose dreams have come true. What would we have today if no one had the courage to uphold their thoughts and dreams? Maybe the trouble is somewhat the lady’s fault. Why doesn’t she analyze and try to encourage her husband. If she lovesshim this wouldn’t be hard to do. Then you state that the stuff of which success is made comes from within, not without. Where does poetry come from if it is not within, the soul speaking, “A pitiful man is he indeed, whose only goal is material greed.” Is there any atonement for your belief, or do you sincerely Jppold it? 2 A POETICAL MIND.

Answor-There is much to be said ir defense of dreams. Dreamers make the writer, artists, inven tors and designers. Any sort of creative work is pre ceded by a dream. The thing you fail to see is the difference between a productive and an unproductive dreamer. If dreams are to justify their existence they must be translated into action. They don’t come true by themselves but only because the individual put forth plenty of honest effort in his own behalf. Dreams are pernicious only when they become a substitute: for reality. Of course everyone uses this Who has not dreamed himself heir to a million and indulged in fancies of how he would spend it? Who has not atoned for his defeats and disappointments by imagining himself" greater than he actually is? The retreat into reverie provides momentary relief from tough reality, but most of us are able to snap out of it when action is called for, and take up the struggle where we left off, The reason I classed the poetical husband as an unproductive dreamer was that he blamed his wife and her friends for his lack of success He said she didn’t inspire him and that her station in life held him back. He wanted someone else to make his dreams come true, to stir him out of himself, to provide the strength which he lacked. While she: worked, he dreamed, and regarded himself as superior because he appreciated poetry. Well, it takes more than &

love of poetry to succeed in a hard-boiled world. oi bi

JANE JORDAN.

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

HE subpena took Edna V. O’Brien entirely by sure prise. Her arrest four days later came as a shock. But though she still thinks that.her sentence,

| on the charge of grand larceny, to “not less than 15 ‘| months nor more than three years” in prison, was an injustice, and though she considers imprisonment a

vens= er eX

failure as a measure either of reform orof.

periences, SO I WENT TO PRISON: (Stokes). Fortunate enough to serve her sentence in a mods ern prison presided over by an open-minded and ine telligent Governor, she was spared the sufferings which some convicts have known. Nevertheless, she can grow indignant over the arbitrary restrictions imposed by petty minds; she remembers the oppressivi ness and deadliness of endless routine; and she pro= tests against laws concerning which serve only to make more diffioul$ their entrance into normal society. ° Her observations, however, are by : gloomy. She remembers with kindness the fellow prisoners who helped her adjust herself to ih gir life. And, perhaps most important of anything, has learned that prisoners are, after all, i, oniy-h

that good and evi jostle along side by side : of those