Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 December 1938 — Page 4

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unis Defense Increased: Demonstrators Arrested by Italian and French Police,

Back Side Charges Other

4 With ‘Provocation’

g - In Africa.

\ TUNIS, Dec. 9 (U. P.).—Mobile guards armed with rifles and re-

volvers aided police today in break-|

ing up new attempts’ of the French

snd native population to demonstrate against Italy.

Apparently under orders to crak down with greater ‘vigor, the rein-

forced military units arrested scores

of persons and scattered several ‘crowds that sought to assemble in the streets. - Several minor clashes occurred, but no serious casualties. Tension continued high. The French War Veterahs’ Association of Tunisia joined authorities in attempting to prevent disorders, * issuing a call for the demonstrations to cease. ‘The newspaper Gazette of Israel demanded that officials suppress the Italian Fascist: Unione as a danger to the city. : Authorities planned to hold a dozen leaders for trial in hope of ending the increasingly angry manifestations against Italian agitation for surrender of Tunis and other French possessions. .Carrying red banners, hundreds of Arabs tried to group in the streets last night to force a way to- the Italian Consulate General to express their Italian agitation. They were met by reinforcements of mobile guards, brought from Algeria. Arabs Pledge Support . Naturalized Arabs telegraphed Premier Daladier: “Tunisian Mussulmen, the majority of us war veterans, have proved our loyalty to France and are profoundly indignant at Italian aims in Tunisia. Knowing fully the sentiments of our. coreligionists, who will never forget the barbarity employed by Italy. in Tripoli, we affirm to the Government that no Mussulman of watever solcial position will ever accept domination by

" guthoritarian Fascist Italy. We as-

sure the French Government that we are ready to sacrifice ourselves to defend our -country and Democratic liberal France.”

Charge Provocations

An official spokesman for Resident General Erik Labonne said: “We are taking every precaution we can to maintain order. We have * asked Arab priests to call off Arab demonstrations. It is difficult, however, to control people here when Italy demands to take away their lands and homes.” A spokesman for the Italian Consulate General said: - “We are doing our utmost to keep Italian citizens in order. It is most difficult in view of the provocation we have suffered. We estimate that 80 Italians have been injured, in¢luding two women, since anti-Ital-ian demonstrations started last Sunday. Eight Italians arrested yesterday have not been released, despite two protests. It seems the only ones being held for trial are Italians.”

France Arms Tunis

Against Surprise Raid

- "PARIS, Dec. 9 (U. P.)—The

* French General ‘Staff has taken all

necessary precautions to prevent the

defense forces of Tunis being caught by surprise in any undeclared war, it was understood today. - . For the moment there, was” a noticeable lessening of tension regarding Italian agitation for acquistion of French territory. But the feeling here was. that there was a deadlock in French-Italian relations and that the deadlock must: continue at least until after the yisit which Prime Minister Chamberlain of Great Britain is to pay to Premier Mussolini next month. It was reported without confirmation that Sig. Mussolini had drafted instructions to Italian consuls in France instructing them to invite Italians resident in France to return to Italy, disposing of their French property and converting their francs into Italian lire.

Hint Demands

Italian sources said Sig. Mussolini, in talking to Mr. Chamberlain next month, would submit the following demands regarding France: . 1. Autonomy for Italians in Tunis. 2. Conversion of Djibouti, French Somaliland, into a neutral port under international control. © 3. Italian control of the French.owned railroad between - Djibouti . and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * 4, A share for Italy in control of the Suez Canal, and immediate reduction of Suez Canal tolls.

Dictator Nations

~ ‘Warn’ South America

LONDON, Dec. 9 (U. P.)—The closely controlled newspapers of the totalitarian nations warned the Latin American republics today to

beware of United States machina-

tions at the Pan-American conference at Lima. At the same time they intimated that the alleged machinations were too transparent to deceive anybody "and predicted that all United States “plots” would end in failure. " In Rebel Spain, newspapers gen_erally forecast that suggestions of President Roosevelt for continental solidarity would not be accepted. : “Roosevelt - offers to protect with huge air squadrons those American tions which are victims of-aggres-n,” said the Voz de Espana of urgos. “He also proposes a sort-of igue of Nations in which the cosus of concrete (the United

tes) would have the leading{

ge.” The Berliner Tageblatt, among azi newspapers, emphasized a } g to beware of the United

States. “Not a single Latin American ‘statesman can fail to understand ‘that so far as United States dejres at Lima go, it Will not be a tter of nonentangling resolutions of disguised reintroduction of

old United States tutelage over]

he southern continent,” it said. ‘Italian newspapers expressed beef that the alleged hopes of the

ed States of severing political | economic ties between Latin]: and European nations|. -!

failure,

dr 5

- newspaper |

displeasure over the|

claimed by Marshal

BALBOMAY GET MORE THRILLS

Governor of Libya in Line For Key Post if War Comes Over Tunis.

By LEE G. MILLER ‘ Times Special Writer

WASHINGTON, Dec. 9.—“To me, Mussolini is something of a god,” Marshal Italo Balbo said in New York five years ago. Today, on the northern fringe of Africa, Governor General Balbo of Libya is dangerously close {0 a new opportunity for proving devotion to his “god.” While paraders in Italy demand that France cede Tunisia to Rome, and angry Frenchmen in Tunis

abuse Italian residents, the bearded Marshal has augmented his garrisons along the Libya-Tunis korder. If real trouble develops, Premier Mussolini's Libyan viceroy will likely be content. For Marshal Balbo is a man of action—of violent action, preferably. His 42 years have been crammed full of it.

Entered War at 19 He was only 19 when Ifaly entered the World War, and he enlisted for the duration. He was decorated for “conspicuous valor.” In 1919, while Italian and Jugo-

slavian statesmen vied at Paris for title to the Adriatic port of Fiume, he followed Gabriele d’Annunzio in the bold seizure of Fiume for Italy —a coup that was eventually legalized. He found the Fascist’ movement an ideal outlet for his zeal, and rose so rapidly among : the Blackshirts that in 1922, when Sig. Mussolini took over, he was one of the “quadrumvirs” who led the march to Rome—directed telegraphically by Il Duce from his newspaper office. The Duce put him in command of Fascist militia, but’ had”to remove him for being over-inclined to violence. Made Undersecretary of National Economy, :he chafed until shifted to a similar post in the Air Ministry. Flew to Chicago

There he found action again. - - He learned to fly, and did such a good job of building up the Air Force that in 1928 Premier Mussolini made him a full general, and a year later put him in the Cabinet as Air Minister, at 33. He. became the greatest aerial showman of the Continent. In 1928

- | he commanded 61. flying boats on a

Mediterranean tour. In 1929 he led 36 bombers to the Black Sea and returned. In 1930, with 11 seaplanes, he flew to Brazil. Americans recall the capstone of his mass-flight career, the trip of 24 big Savoia-Marchetti flying boats Jom Italy to Chicago and return in

Banished or Promoted?

He was welcomed back to Rome in triumph. Premier Mussolini made him Air = Minister, publicly embraced him before cheering throngs —and then appointed him Governor of. Libya, a desert twice the size of Texas. Whether he was being banished by a jealous boss, or farmed out for seasoning, is a matter of dispute. Certainly there seemed to be no lack of cordiality last year when Premier Mussolini, amid great fanfare visited Libya and was proBalbo the

Fascist Policy Change| Indicated; Spain Waits ~ New Drive.

ROME, Dec. 8 (U. P.).—Hundreds of policemen and carabinieri swept down on students holding an antiFrench demonstration ‘today, dis= persed them after scuffles in which noses were bloodied, and arrested several.

the apparent change of official policy regarding demonstrations might be of some significance, and that authorities might have decided to prevent further manifestations. - Several hundred high school students gathered this morning, as other students had done in past days without discouragement. They marched down the Corso Umberto, shouting “Tunisia! Corsica!” and tried to reach the Venice Square to hold a demonstration before the office of Premier Mussolini.

Speculation Is Rife

To their surprise the police and carabinieri quickly broke up their procession. There was a good deal of uncertainly in foreign - diplomatic

quarters as to the future of ItalianFrench relations. Well-informed sources had expressed belief persistently that the anti-French demonstrations really meant nothing very much and that Sig. Mussolini was unlikely to risk any critical situation with France. Their confidence was shattered yesterday when a royal decree disclosed that special appropriations for armaments, increasing the. current budget for military appropriations by 20 per cent, had been approved by the Government.

. Crisis Next Spring?

Now there was a tendency in some quarters to believe that Sig. Mussolini had definitely decided on a program which involved demands on France, and that as a means of getting his maximum demands on record, in preparation for obtaining his minimum ones, he might make claim to French territory.

there might be a crisis next spring. Fascist editors expressed conviction that Germany would back up Italy in any crisis and that next year would see an Italian diplomatic victory. They expected Sig. Mussolini to try to get Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain of Breat Britain, at their meeting here next month, to persuade France to make concessions to Italy in the interest of peace.

Loyalists Order Reinforcements to Front

be placed at the disposal of the De fense Ministry in anticipation of one of the biggest Rebel offensives of the civil war. Previously the Army Commissar General had ordered all commissars awaiting assignment to rept urgently to headquarters. The commissars are attached to Army units to work in co-operation with officers, particularly to stimulate morale of the troops. There were border reports that

the Rebels, using a large number of

Italian troops along with their own,

emergency Loyalist capital.

However, reports from Barcelona |i indicated that the Loyalists believed |:

the attack might come farther

fronts.

BURGOS, Spain, Dec. 9 (U. P.) — The Rebel Press featured a report today that the Loyalist Government intends to give President Roosevelt valuable Goya paintings as a Christmas present. “This is a typical Jewish-Bolshevik maneuver to give away Spain’s national heritage,” one editorial said.

“Grand Protector of Islam”—a gesture which has been re-emphasized constantly, to the discomfiture of Great Britain with her many Mohammedans in Palestine, India and elsewhere. Some. think Premier Mussolini is grooming Marshal Balboa as his successor, although there have been reports that he sided with the Italian royal family in a reputed tiff between Il Duce and Crown Prince Umberto. : ' Marshal Balbo himself says: “The love which we bear for our chief is more than discipline, more

than devotion. It is a true religion.”

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Observers expressed belief that =

Fascists seemed to belive that|

HENDAYE, Dec. 9 (U. P). — The|; Spanish Loyalist Government today |} ordered all carabineros and assault guards now on rear guard duty toll

would make a drive for Barcelona,|:

south, on the Ebro River and coastal |

ANTE JP POLICY

Recalls Ambassador From “Chungking to Outline New Viewpoint.

The unexpected recall for consultation of the American Ambassador to

frustrate complete Japanese domi-

“{China. . President ‘Roosevelt at his press conference described the return of Ambassador Nelson Johnson as .a

routine matter and said that after|

reporting on the Far Eastern situation Mr. Johnson would return, immediately to his post. A delicate international situation had been greated by Japan's alleged violation of. the. Nine-Power-Treaty guaranteeing the territorial integrity of China and the alleged establishment, by military force, of commercial’ preferences for,K Japan. This Government will make every effort through diplomatic channels

Jto obtain assurances from Japan| that equality of opportunity in

China will be continued. But high

that, regardless of the action of other nations, the United - States does not intend to “take it lying down.” The possibility of military or naval action to halt present discrimination against American trade was declared by high officials to be “fantastic,” but they indicated that there were other means through which the United States might “deal” with Japanas By “other means” apparently was meant the possibility of economic action—large commercial credits to

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' WASHINGTON, Dec. 8 (U. P.).—

China foreshadowed today a revision | 8 of Far Eastern policy in an effort to §

nance and control of trade with||

| New Monsignor

| Y BI IISINN FIRST TASK AS ‘PARLEY OPENS

Argentine Stand Encourages U.S. Delegates i in Hope For: Lima Success.

(Continued from Page One)

The Rev. Michael W. Lyons; pastor of Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, has been elevated to the dignity of Domestic '

. Prelate to His Holiness, Pope Pius xT,

with the title of Right: Reverend Monsignor. (Story,

Page One.)

Administration officials’ indicated

WRIGGLES SO MUCH, BANDIT LOSES TOUCH

CLEVELAND, Dec. 9 (U, P)— The gun which a holdup man poked in Edward Reynolds’ back tickled so much that Mr. Reynolds wiggled so much ‘that the gunman was frightened so much that he fled without taking the $400 Mr. Reynolds had in his pocket.

China rather than economic moves directly against Japan. Technically, since the United States does not officially recognize that a state of war exists in the Orient, Japan would have no grounds for protest or counter action against the United States if commercial credits were extended to

China, it was said.

{would Tesist as one any outside ag- | gression. |that some European nations might

Many delegates believed

feel the effect of the cofiference as regards propaganda and political activities in the Western .Hemi-

¢ sphere.

A desire already expressed by: va-

rious delegates for: co-ordination

and simplification of existing treaties and peace-securing machinery {caused prediction that early . proggress was certain. Delegates said that the many separate treaties and agreements concluded in the last 20 years duplicated or overlapped each other with the result that the machinery for maintaining peace among the republics was cumbersome.

"+ Suspicion of U. S. Lessened As soon as Secretary Hull and

‘Senor. Cantilo—the two dominant|

figures of * the conference—began discussion of the program, Senor ‘Cantilo volunteered the suggestion that consultative machinery should be. strengthened at this conference. This support by Argentina, and the expressions of other delegates, led to the hope that what United States delegates regard as one of the most important problems of the conference could be settled at the outset. Then it would be possible to take up, after one real accomplishment, the proposals for continental solidarity. There seemed a feeling among United States delegates that solution of the peace treaty and peace machinery problem would

‘|the United States would be content if the conference resulted in some

United States, in its tinental solidarity, was. fs war with a European or Asiatic power into which: Latin American republics might be drawn. Hence for the present United State, delegates talked little of continental solidarity, in order to prevent the growth of any suspicions. Secretary Hull, in speeches, emphasized that the American republics were determined to maintain peace in this hemisphere and that any menace to peace was a matter of concern to all. However, members of the United States delegation generally were saying quietly that

general agreement or understanding among the republics, leading later, perhaps, to bilateral agreements for actual strengthening of defense works against possible foreign aggression.

Hull Cites Purposes * Secretary Hull in a radio speech last night said that there were] three major fields in which the conference might hope to advance work

already begun. “The first has to do with the effort to secure peace throughout the world, and as a corollary the preservation of our American institutions and our system of interrelations based on peaceful cettlement. of international disputes,” said Mr. Hull. "We are determined that peace shall be maintained on the American continent and we are in agreement that any menace to that peace is a matter of concern for us all We shall seek to implement and to make more effective measures already adopted to that end. “The second great field in which we may take action is that of econemic co-operation for the welfare of all American peoples. . . . My conviction grows ever stronger that economic disarmament is one of the essentials for political stability and for the return of internationesl relationships based on respect for law and order and faithful observance of obligations. . . . “The strengthening of international law is the third vital concern for us all. . . . the contribution the

ELECTION SLOGAN Nazi Newspapers Rehort Trend From Lithuania.

"BERLIN, Dec. 9 (U. P.).—Newspapers published prominently today a speech which Dr. Ernst Neue mann, leader of Germans in Memel, made at an election campaign meeting. “We are Lithuanian citizens ac-

cording to the letter, but intrinsic ally ‘there is no connection any more,” - Dr. Neumann was quoted. “The -Memel district is a German cultured land and. we are its chile ren.’

The newspapers did not comment :

editorially but there were headlines such as that in the Boersen-Zei« tung: : “Memel Turns Away From Lithuania.” - A big German Party victory is forecast in a Diet election to ‘be held Sunday, and there has been speculation - whether a drive ‘for union with Germany would follow;

American republics may be able to make toward strengthening interna« tional law and toward revitalizing it as an effective force in’ interna« tional relations will be a constructive factor in the world situation.’ »

Two New Air Bases Reported Proposed

WASHINGTON, Dec. 9 (U.P.).— The Navy Department Board which has been studying possible sites for future naval bases and air stations for more than half a year, has coms pleted its work and agreed upon recommendations which will ‘be submittéd to Congress, it was learned today.-. Navy officials declined comment on the Board's .report, but it was understood on high authority that recommendafions were made for es< tablishment of powerful air stations at Kodiak, Alaska, and Isla Grande, Puerto Rico.

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