Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 October 1938 — Page 1

POLICE SHIELD CRIME IN CITY, PASTOR SAYS

Indictment of Morrissey One Of Goals, Crusaders’ Head Tells Flock.

BARES ‘SECRET’ INQUIRY

Cameras Used to. Gather Evidence of Widespread Vice, Is Claim.

The removal of “certain” teachers from the public schools, the indicting of Police Chief Morrissey, and breaking up of “organized gangs of crime,” is the aim of the Christian Crusaders in Marion County, according to the Rev. L. N. Trotter, chief of staff. Speaking last night in the First Baptist Church, Beech Grove, to about 250 persons, who frequently TInterrupted with shouts of “Amen,” © and “hallelujah,” the Rev. Mr. Trotter defined objectives and partially described methods the Crusaders are employing. Two members of the police vice squad attended and took notes on the address. A secret group, includ-

ing some police, is working with candid ¢éameras and other evidencecollecting devices, the Rev. Mr. Trotter said, not only in the City and State, but in Ohio and Illinois as well. “The Rev. Mr. Trotter said he had evidence to prove that there are houses of prostitution in Indianapolis as far north as 5500, and as far west and east as 5400. He said he could prove that bookies are operating “on the quiet,” taking bets behind darkened windows and closed doors, “all with the knowledge of police.” He offered to furnish to Chief Morrissey the address of a West Side packing house where “563 slot machines are stored on the third floor if Morrissey will guarantee to raid and destroy them.”

Claims Proof of Ring

The Crusaders, he said, have proof that a ring operating between Cleveland, Indianapolis and Chicago furnishes prostitutes for Indfanapolis houses every two weeks “and I'm challenging Mike Morrissey to put his on that traffic.” Admitting that in the last three days many known houses of prostitution in certain areas have had the appearance of being closed, the Rev. Mr. Trotter said that one situated on N. Capitol Ave. “where officials hang out,” is still operating. “Public officials and big shots gathered here,” he said, “and I'll bet they'd like to know how many candid cameras have been in that place in the last few days. We also have affidavits. “Beloved, they know that the Christian Crusaders is after their hide.” Smith to Investigate

He charged that the Center Township Trustee moved a mother and five children, four not yet in their teens, into one side of a double house in Miami Si, when the

other side was run as a disorderly house. : Today, however, Leo X. Smith, attorney for Miss Hanna Noone, Center Township Trustee, said the trustee never had placed a family at the address mentioned by the speaker. - The Rev. Mr. Trotter promised that some time in the future the Crusaders would hear an address by “a lady preacher on our staff, who, before she was saved, was taken down there by a City policeman and placed in a house of prostitution.”

Claims Police Muzzled

He described what he called a d-unken party in City Hall the day before Christmas last year in which he said a woman employee was seduced by a male emplovee and that “about one-third of the 150 persons there were drunk.” Police, he said, are forced by Chief Morrissey to say what he wants them to about vice and crime conditions, and said a secret group of police have told the Crusaders that “if Morrissey will take off the gumshoes and untie our hands we will clean up Indianapolis.” “They have to say what Mr. Morrissey says or lose their jobs,” he said, “and we'll prove it when we get ready to indict Mr. Morrissey.” Chief Morrissey said he would not comment on the charges. The Rev. Mr. Trotter did not elaborate on the public school teacher objective, except to say: “We're going to take. teachers from the public schools that has lost the respect of ‘their students—we’ll take them out ‘over the heads of all the politicians in Marion County.”

SHOALS GETS FLOOD FUND WASHINGTON, Oct. 24 (U. P).— Te War Department today approved an allotment of $50,000 for prepara--tion on definite plans for a flood control reservoir at Shoals, Ind.

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9 9

Mercy Fund Workers Push

For $200,000]

Still nearly $200,000 short of the goal, Indianapolis Community Fund workers were to _ meet at noon for the next to the last report, hoping for reports of large donations.

Community Fund workers reported $79,443 at noon today. This makes the total so far collected $600,626.71, which is 84.4 per cent of the geal. -

Leaders at the beginning of the campaign repeatedly said that this year it appeared certain that the campaign would achieve the goal, $711,633. The final campaign report will be made tomorrow night at the Claypool Hotel.

ISHS MENACE U.S, STATE DYERS TOLD

Prof. Haramy Sounds Warning at Annual Parley.

(Photo, Page Seven)

Prof. John Haramy of Indiana Central College today warned delegates to the 28th Convention of the Indiana Association of Dyers and Cleaners that the “suppression of foreign ‘isms’ is absolutely necessary to insure our future social and economic freedom.” He said that unless “ism” organizational activities are checked “we who think it impossible will find ourselves as subjects of a ruthless dictator.” Prof. Haramy recently returned from a tour of Eyropean couritries. Delegates were urged to co-oper-ate with the association in protest to what was called “unfair taxation of service trades by the Indiana Gross Income Tax Law.” J. F. Mahoney, Indianapolis restaurant operator, declared that “it is grossly unfair for the State to penalize trades which sell mostly labor in the amount of a full 1 per cent while manufacturers of tangible products were penalized only ‘one-fourth as much.” Dangers of inflammable cleaning fluid in the home was illustrated by a movie shown by the Indiana Department of Public Safety.

FBI DESTROYED'SPY NOTES, COURT TOLD

Confession Incomplete, Says Rumrich on Stand.

NEW YORK, Oct. 24 (U. P.).— Guenther Gustave Rumrich, confessed Nazi spy who became a Government witness against three of his alleged accomplices in a German espionage ring, testified in Federal Court today that Leon G. Turrou, former G-Man, had destroyed papers connecied with the case :

It was Mr. Turrou who “broke” the spy case last winter.

Benjamin Matthews, counsel for one of the defendants, was attempting to obtain a copy of the witness’ confession to FBI and State Department agents and to determine the circumstances under which it was made. U. 8. Attorney Lamar Hardy had said he had no control over State Départment records and that the nd had “torn up its notes on Rum- [ 99 Rumrich declared that although Federal officials were aware he was

asaseselB=T Deaths. -

act as 8 spy. to help the United

2

" |PWA grant, officials here declared

Rumrich’s- testimony came while

FORECAST: Fair and somewhat warmer tonight and tomorrow; light to heavy frost tonight.

x *

as a snow blizzard swept over all of northern Michigan, Wisconsin and

U.S. MAY EXTEND TRACK DEADLINE

City Could Get More Time to Qualify for Grant, Officials Say.

Times Special WASHINGTON, Oct. 24.—Should

Indianapolis fail to complete arrangements for local financing of the million-dollar South Side track elevation project by next‘Thursday, an extension of time likely will be granted to qualify for the $421,396,

today. The PWA grant was announced on Sept. 23 and Oct. 27 was then set as the time to qualify for it. “We are never arbitrary about such matters,” PWA headquarters stated. “If Indianapolis officials have struck a snag in obtaining their 55 per cent of the funds for the project, they can get an extension of time by filing an application with the regional PWA office at Chicago. “The PWA law requires that projects must be started by Jan. 1 and completed by July 1, 1940, however.”

SCOTT C0, TO HAUL VOTING MACHINES

Given Contract on Bid $1900 Above Appropriation.

A contract for hauling voting machines to precinct polling places was awarded to the Sco ucking Co. today by County Commissioners.

The company’s bid was $4400, or $1900 above the budget appropriation. : “We awarded this contract on the recommendation of the County Election Commissioners,” County Commissioner John S. Newhouse said. The Scott Trucking Co. was the only ; bidder. Commissioners last week declined to award the contract at that time because the bid was above the appropriation. The Election Commissioners explained that the additional money needed for hauling the voting machines could be obtained from other election appropriations.

STREETON TO GET INSANITY HEARING

An insanity hearing in the case of Charles Streeton, charged with the 1934 murder of Bert Callahan, former Indianapolis real estate man, was scheduled to open in Criminal Court this afternoon. Trial on the murder charge was to have started this morning, but was delayed when defense attorneys requested a preliminary hearing on the defendant’s sanity. : Mr. Callahan was found shot to death at his N. Illinois St. apartment April 6, 1934. Streeton was arrested in April, 1937, in California.

MOTHER AND SON DIE IN FARM HOME BLAZE

FAIRMOUNT, Ind, Oct. 24 (U. P.).—Puneral services were planned today for a mother and her son, both of whom were burned to death whefi their farm home was destroyed by fire. Mrs. Ertha McCartney, 53 died several hours after the death of her son, Richard, 16.

‘BOY, 10, KILLS SELF

LANCASTER, Pa., Oct. 24 (U. P.). —Police today recommended an investigation of the home conditions

of 10-year-old John Gladfelter Jr.,

MONDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1938

Times-Acme I’hoto.

Telegraph poles were broken near Prentice, Wis. last week-end | Minnesota. In some regions the snowfall reached a depth of eight

inches in the Middle West's first taste of winter.

LONDON—Cabinet changes may

MOSCOW—Antireligion drive in

thousand Chinese were killed when Japanese bombing planes sank small Chinese steamships near Yochow, on the Yangtze, 110 miles above Hankow, Chinese reports asserted today. The raid was one of a series along the Yangtze River and the Hankow-

Canten railroad, as the Japanese drew near to the outskirts of Hankow, emergency Chinese capital. * Visitations of the bombing planes sent the remaining civilian population of the Wuhan cities—Hankow, Wuchang and Hanyang—fleeing in terror. Big guns were audible in Hankow today. ° Where there had been more than one million people, there were few today in addition to the defending soldiers. Last Boats Leave

Martial law was imposed in the entire area. The last boats steamed up the Yangtze with refugees Saturday night, and the remaining population began to stream westward afoot. By dusk last night the sister Wuhan cities were nearly deserted. Even civilian police left. Along the highways to the west entire families trudged together, trying to keep togéther. The ablebodied men shouldered beds on which they carried grandmothers and grandfathers, invalids and children. Other members of the family followed in compact groups. American and British ships, including the American gunboats Luzon and Guam, ignored a Japanese demand that they anchor 10 miles up the river to leave the area free for bombing. The Guam moved down river to the Standard Oil plant. :

WAREHOUSE STRIKE IN WEST IS SETTLED

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 24 (U.P.). —San Francisco’s warehouse industry, tied up for four months in a dispute between C. I. O. warehousemen and employers, resumes operation today under an agreement involving more than 2000 men and 130 warehouses.

HOUGHTON, Mich. Oct. 24 (U. P.).—Wilfred Pichette, a reputed religious fanatic who said he bought “the power of Christ” from a Gypsy band for $2000, confessed with his husky wife today that he killed their 19-year-old blond maid to rid the household of evil spirits. Pichette related to Prosecutor Frank Condon that “divine power” drove him to hammer Marian Doyle to death with a flatiron. Mrs. Pichette confessed that she aided by striking the girl “10 or 12 times” with a poker while her husband pinried the girl to the floor. “I was going to drive the evil spirits out of the house,” Pichette told Prosecutor Condon. “I am the Messiah, the only man that can bring goodwill to man and peace on earth. “She was the devil,

hanged himself in the attic of|

and I had to drive her spirit from

nae tn cme IN. AMERICA. “WASHINGTONZHulf believed disturbed by Nasi policy. ~~ BUENOS AIRES—End of U. S. trade isolation asked,

HANKOW, Oct. 2¢ (U. P.).—One|

Japs Delay U. S. Liner; Bombs Kill 1000 Chinese

IN THE FAR EAST— SHANGHAI—British protest air raid on gunboat. HANKOW-—1000 Chinese killed fleeing from city. IN EUROPE— BUDAPEST—Hungary to continue talks with Praha. - PARIS—Radical Socialists win Senate elections. VIENNA—Cardinal declares he did not attack Hitler. BERLIN—Pope denounced for “monstrous accusations.” JERUSALEM—British to start new drive against rebels.

be announced soon.

KAUNAS-—Lithuania makes concession to Germany.

schools demanded.

SHANGHAI Oct. 24 (U. P.). = Chinese pirates turned a machine gun today on a tender owned by the American Dollar line, which was operating in the Yangtze River 50 miles from Woosung, below Shanghai. One Chinese passenger was killed.

SHANGHAI Oct. 24 (U. P).— Japanese authorities detained the American liner President Coolidge today as it prepared to sail for the United States with a shipment of silver. An American Marine guard was placed on the ship pending instructions from the State Department at Washington, to which consular officials here submitted the question. The silver, estimated to be worth $4,500,000, consisted largely of jewelry and tableware which Chinese patriots had contributed to the Government for war purposes, and which was being shipped to the United States.

Silver Being Unloaded

Shanghai customs officials yesterday issued. clearance papers to the President Coolidge, a 21,936-ton Dollar liner, including the silver which was on its way to the Chase National Bank of New York. ‘Last night, at the instigation of Pro-Japanese authorities of the Chinese municipal regime, supported by Japanese military authorities, the ship’s clearance authorization was suspended. The result was that the ship was unable to sail on schedule this morning as Japanese customs officials refused to release it. Negotiations continued throughout today, and late this afternoon the liner began unloading the silver, hoping to avoid further costly delay.

Up the Yangtze six heavy Japanese bombing planes bombed the British river gunboat Sandpiper, 185 tons. The superstructure was damaged severely, two cabins were wrecked and bomb splinters tore numerous holes in the ship. There were no casualties among the ship’s complement of 35 officers and men. British naval spokesmen here as-

(Continued on Page Three)

they confessed to the Rev. Ethelbert Harrington at his Calumet Church that they had “killed the devil.” Mrs. Pichette allegedly left home with another man several months ago. Pichette hired Miss Doyle as a housekeeper and nurse for 7-year-old Norma Pichette, his daughter. Last Wednesday Mrs. Pichette returned home, and Miss Doyle prepared to return to her home in Hancock, Mich. All her belongings were found in a suitcase near her body. Mrs. Pichette told Prosecutor Condon that her husband decided. they must drive the evil spirits from their home by killing the girl. Mrs. Pichette, who weighs 173 pounds, said she was so afraid of her husband that she agreed to help him. . They set upon the girl in the kitchen of their small home at Dol-

_near here, Pichette threw

creasing

Entered as at Postoffice,

MIDDLE WEST SHIVERS INST WINTRY BLAST

Cold Wave Trails Heavy Snow in Northern States; Moves East.

EAST WARNED OF GALE

Frigid Weather Fails to Hit Indiana; Frost Predicted For Tonight.

By United Press Freezing temperatures, snow and rain checkered the northern portion of the country today as winter swept in from the Far North and

far south as Oklahoma and

Arkansas. : Meanwhile the U. S. Weather Bureau issued a “warning today that a storm centering on the South Carolina Coast this morning will reach gale force tonight in the vicinity of Boston.

TEMPERATURES 34 10a. m... 35 11a. m.... 37 12 (Noon). 41 1p m...

46 49 51 52

Although the cold wave sweeping the Midwest is expected to miss Indiana, a light. to heavy frost was forecast for tonight by the Weather Bureau here. " Temperatures are expected to rise slowly for the next 48 | hours, however. Meteorologist J. H. Armington said temperatures today were about 10 degrees below normal, but would be nearly normal tomorrow. Mr. Armington said last night's heavy frost here probably would kill all vegetables and flowers.

The Weather Bureau posted its warnings from New Haven, Conn, to eastern Maine and on eastern Long Island. The South Carolina disturbance, it was pointed out, would move northeastward with inintensity and cause strong -and_south. winds.

"1 The gale’s full force, the Bureau

said, would be felt south of Boston late this afternoon and north of the same area to Eastport, Me., this afternoon and tonight. The cold wave in the Midwest followed a heavy snow and sleet storm in northern Wiscousin, Minnesota and northern Michigan which disrupted communications, blocked highways and isolated several small communities. Temperatures dropped below normal in Ohio, southern Michigan, the Mississippi and Missouri valleys and the Great Lakes region.

Moves Eastward

U. S. Forecaster J. R. Lloyd at Chicago said the cold was moving eastward and predicted a light frost tonight in the Appalachian Mountain area. Chicago saw its first snow of winter early today. It was mixed with rain and melted quickly. The temperature was 35. Light snows were reported falling at Minneapolis, and in La Crosse, Lone Rock and Madison, Wis. Rain fell in Iowa, Michigan, the Ohio and lower Mississippi valleys and the Gulf states. A mixture of light snow and rain was reported at Dubuque, Iowa. Emergency crews were rapidly clearing highways in Northern Wisconsin but driving was still dangerous in seetions of Minnesota. A slight rise in temperature left slush ankle deep. The lumber barge M. H. Stewart, carrying seven men, which had been unreported for 36 hours, was located yesterday at Beaver Island, in northern Lake Michigan. It had taken shelter to avoid heavy seas. At Manitowoc, Wis.,, heavy seas undermined an old lighthouse marking the harbor pierhead and toppled it into shallow water. . ” Forecast Rain in N. Y.

Temperatures were near freezing at Kansas City and slightly warmer at Oklahoma City where by a strange freak of nature the mercury dropped to 15 degrees Saturday night. Light rains were expected in New York City and Detroit. Temperatures were slightly above normal in both cities. California and Florida still experienced summery weather. The temperature was 84 at Ft. Myers,

Fla., and 76 at Los Angeles.

‘Messiah’ and Wife Confess Killing Maid, 19, to ‘Drive Devil From Home’

and struck her repeatedly with a flatiron. Then he held Miss Doyle on the floor while Mrs. Pichette hammered her with a stove poker. Norma stood nearby crying and call-. ing for them to stop. Then early Sunday morning they drove through the season’s first snowfall to the little church where their mumbling about “killing the devil” aroused the suspicion of Father Harrington, who called officers. Mrs. Pichette said her husband had ° borrowed $2000 from his mother-in-law to pay the gypsies who gave him his “power.” Sheriff John Salmi said his officers found the girl’s body after the Pirhettes were seized at the rectory. Miss Doyle’s neck was broken and her skull crushed. that the

Second-Class Matter Indianapolis Ind.

WAGE-HOUR LAW MAKE JOBS; STATE TO ASSIST

spread over Midwestern states as.

HOME |

PRICE THREE CENTS

MAY

Hutson to Aid U. S. With Enforcement In Indiana.

FIELD MAN DUE

Townsend's Backing Asked in Wire From Andrews.

(Photo, Page Three)

State Labor Commissioner Thomas R. Hutson announced today that his department is prepared to answer questions of employers or employees on provisions of the Wage-Hour Act, which went into effect today. Mr. Hutson said he would attend the fifth national conference on labor legislation in Washington Nov. 14 to 16 at which plans for StateFederal co-operation in the administration of the act are to be discussed. Although Governor Townsend could not be reached for comment, Mr. Hutson’s acceptance of the conference invitation was interpreted as an indication of the Governor's willingness to co-operate in enforcement of the law. A telegram was received at the Governor's office from Elmer F. An-

44-Hour Week Takes Effect for Eleven Million.

BROAD

\

RESULTS

Few Factories Close; Telegraph Boys Get Raise.

(Wage-Hour Questionnaire, Page 123 Editorial, Page 10.)

By LEE G. MILLER Times Special Writer WASHINGTON, - Oct. 24.— The Wage-Hour Act, which went into effect today, is certain to make many changes in American economy that- go beyond its superficial objective and is expected to create more new jobs.

First effect of the law was ane nouncement by Western Union that more than 10,000 messenger boys now are receiving 25 cents an hour pending a ruling by Adminise trator Elmer F. Andrews on a res quest for exemption from provisions of the Wage-Hour Act. Governors of seven states pledged co-operation to Mr. Andrews in ene forcing the act. Four of the Governors represent ed Southern states— Alabama,

drews, national commander, this morning, urging Governor Townsend’s “interests and support in the enforcement of the Act.”

Field Worker Expected

Mr. Hutson sald he nelieved Mr. Andrews would use the various State’s Departments of Labor in the administration of the Act where satisfactory arrangements could be made. The State departments would be reimbursed from Federal funds for such services. Arthur L. Fletcher, assistant administrator, in a letter received by Mr. Hutson this morning, said that the Federal office would send a field man to Indiana in the near future. Requests for 2000 copies of a pamphlet explaining provisions of the law have been sent by the State Labor Division to Washington. These copies are to be dis-

State, Mr. Hutson said. “The law, however, in no way abrogates any union contracts which are above this minimum level in the matter of either hours, wages or conditions,” Mr. Hutson said.

HOPKINS PREDICTS CUT IN WPA NEEDS

RFC: Refinancing Notes Prepared by Treasury.

HYDE PARK, N. Y. Oct. 24 (U. P.). — President Roosevelt was cheered today by the economic outlook and by assurances that relief expenditures could be cut this year. Harry Hopkins, WPA administrator, told him that increasing reemployment and steady gains in the productivity of industry were the indices on which he based the opinion that less Federal assistance for the needy would be needed. “I look to see the relief curve in America go down at an early date,”

election despite what some political enemies think. : “The old charge that we shove up the relief rolls just before election and then cut them down immediately thereafter ‘is just a lot of nonsense.” Mr. Hopkins, who left the summer White House last night after discussing the relief sityation with the President, was asked what appropriation he would seek for the new fiscal year, He replied: “I do not know what it will be, but undoubtedly it will be a figure related to a smaller WPA than we have now.”

Treasury Clears Decks

For December Financing

WASHINGTON, Oct. 24 (U. PJ). —The Treasury cleared the decks today for the Government’s December financing program. It arranged for the refinancing on Nov. 1 of an issue of $298,972,000 Reconstruction Finance Corp. notes which would have matured Dec. 15. Holders of the RFC notes, Series K, will be offered in exchange notes of Series P. bearing 7 per cent interest and maturing Nov. 1, 1841. The Treasury has no issues coming due in December. An issue of notes which were to have come due Dec. 15 were refinanced in September. However, the Treasury has coming due March 15 a $941,000,000 issue of 1.5 per cent- notes.

OPINIONS PREPARED BY SUPREME COURT

WASHINGTON, Oct. 24 (U. P.).— The Supreme Court recessed for two weeks today after a brief session confined to announcement of orders in minor cases. ane Thess yi he spent in preparation of opinions cases which have been argued be-

- Prosecutor Condon said Pichettes probably would be ar-

tributed to interested groups in the| lif

Mr. Hopkins said, “possibly before |

Texas, Mississippi and Louisiana— and the others were Iowa, Utah and Nevada in the West.

South Biggest Problem

Fundamental aim of the law is that no employer who is “in intere state commerce” (a term to which the Wage-Hour Division has given a broad reading), shall pay less than 25 cents an hour, or work his eme ployees more than 44 hours a week without paying for overtime at time-and-a-half the regular wage. Eleven million workers are affected. - .. But. there are more. angles to the statute than meet the hurried eye, “The nation’s No. 1 edonomic probe lem” is what Presidént evelt has called the South. The South likewise will be the No. 1 problem of Wage Hour Administrator Ane drews—and his No. 1 hope for the betterment of the American way of

e. . A few Southern factories have already shut down, asserting that they cannot operate at a profit if they must pay a wage of $11 a week. Mr, Andrews, however, says some of these have built up big inventories by operating extra shifts in recent weeks, and that the shutdowns may turn out to be temporary. If such plants try to reopen at the old wage, he is determined to crack down. Julius Seligman, San Antonio, Tex., president of the National Pecan Shellers of America, reported to Mr. Andrews that every Southern pecan shelling plant has closed bee cause of the new law. :

‘I'hreaten to Use Machines

Other industries, notably that of tobacco-stemming, are threatening to replace hand labor with ma-"* chines. They say the machines will do the work more cheaply than if can be done by Negro women at $11 a week. There are tens of thoue sands of such workers. Wage-hour officials concede that such - dislocations are possible here and there, but they are confident these hardships will be overshadowed by a general rise in purchasing power that will stimulate industry and bring “the more abundant life” a step closer Weekly pay envelopes. may be reduced for many employees now working long hours, because of the time-and-a-half requirement for overtime. Resultant work-spread-ing will help the unemployment problem, but this may seem small consolation to the man who must sacrifice part of his income in ree turn for greater leisure. Here labor unions are likely to be active.

More Jobs for Adults?

Mr. Andrews says the man who makes $100 or more a week may be covered by the overtime provisions the same as a day laborer. But he thinks that where the wage is as high as $50 or $60 a week the ems ployee will usually be in the execu . tive or professional class, and that in any event “you aren't going to have much quibbling between employer and employee in such cases.” The child-labor restrictions may create additional jobs for adults. The problem of “fugitive induse< tries,” fleeing from state to state to avoid high wages and unionization, is face to face with a powerful cor« rective. Employers and workers in high-wage states, who have seen many factories darkened by lowe wage competition from these induse trial carpetbaggers, hope the ne ‘ law will curb this practice. i Sweatshop operators who have been enriched through piecework and homework arrangements are (Continued on Page Three)

Who Would Gain Now:

In Congress Vote?

Would the Democrats or the Republicans: gain seats in Congress if the

elections were held day? See Page Nine

O-

fore the Court since start of the

the latest Gallup poll.