Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 September 1938 — Page 20

PAGE 20

The Indianapolis Times

(A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)

ROY W. HOWARD LUDWELL DENNY President Editor

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ia Lo

~~

Give Licht and the People Will Find Their Own Way

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1938

TRUCE WITH HITLER

HE four-power Munich agreement ruthlessly dismem- | bering the Czech democracy is a high-priced truce with | Hitler who has proved over and over again that his word is | What the democracies of |

| possibly the Italians, whether itsstarts now or later. |

| Because the last time they fought the British were |

y . = , ] S will de- | 4 Europe are able to make of that breathing spell will Ee tire. oe |

So far the Nazi-Fascist destroyers |

worthless but it 1s a truce.

pend upon themselves. of democracy have won every battle.

The thing that matters now is, what is to follow | If all Britain and France did at Munich was to |

Munich. avoid war now, only to set the stage for one next summer, the net gain would amount to very little. Unless a way is found to turn the present truce into a durable peace, world diplomacy will have chalked up another of its tragic failures.

Competent observers are pretty much In agreement | that Hitler still dreams of far bigger things than the in-|

clusion of Sudetenland and its 3,500,000 Germans within he Reich. He himself has indicated that he intends to push on to the Black Sea, the Ukraine, the Polish Corridor and the Baltic States, or at least, to extend the German hegemony throughout that area. promises may be today, the world can feel no assurance that he will not forget them tomorrow. Let us have a look at his record—or, rather, a few items from his record—of recent years. In August, 1933—when he had no army to speak of — Hitler stated publicly that “so long as I am Chancellor of the Reich there will be no war save possibly in the event of invasion of our territory from without.” Compare that with ts of the last few months. lav, 1935, he told the Reichstag that “Germany or the wish nor the intention to mix in the internal | Austria, or to unite or annex Austria.” Look what happened to Austria last March. In May, 1935, he pledged himself before the Reichstag

MARK FERREE Business Manager |

Price in Marion Coun- |

Whatever his verbal |

Fair Enough

By Westbrook Pegler

!

And French Be Doing During the Nazi Bombings—Reading a Book?

EW YORK, Sept. 30—Once there was a colored boy matched to fight a white boy, and just before ring time the manager of the white boy stepped | into the colored boy's dressing room to search his | bandages and pass the time of night. After a few pleasant remarks he began to tell the colored boy of

the terrible punching power of his boy and of the

awful punishment he would deliver downstairs. The colored boy listened respectfully until the white boy's manager had said his piece. Then,

as the visitor was leaving, the colored boy called him

back. “Just one thing I want to ask,” he said.

vour boy doin’ all that—readin’ a book?” That seems a pertinent question in reply te the terrible pixdictions of bombing and shelling against the allies in this next war with the Germans and

machine gun to a battalion and a stubborn belief in | the efficiency of shrapnel against concrete.

= = »

the Germans. that time until they had come off the floor

a dozen times blowing blood off their lips, and they

still have the same staving power that they had then, in addition to a fresh recollection of the mistakes and |

| terrible delays that punished them so badly before. While the Germans are bombing London and

| shattering cities in France what will the French and British and Czechoslovaks, and perhaps | bashful Russians, be doing? Reading a book? The economic side constitutes another problem, but { certainly the Germans snd Italians can have no advantage there. They have been offering their poverty | as one excuse for their conduct, and the best that can | be said for their position is that they may have | enough to see them through a quick one. un » x x UT what is there to bolster the assumption that a German or Italian city cannot be blown lop- | sided by bombs from the air, that their people are | more steady under punishment in the civilian areas | than the British, French and Czechs? Let it be admitted that the British and French never did like air raids and that the Czechs, too, will bleed if cut and | die if gassed or blown to tatters. | people who do like to be bombed?

|

|

| Are the Germans and Italians now people so stout- ! | ly nerved and sturdily built that they will be neither | perturbed nor physically hurt if and when the enemy

planes fly over? All the experts who have written about the Spanish war admit that the bombers have been unable to live up to their billing, even though the ,Rebels have had a great advantage in ships. And although air warfare will be much greater in the big war, the Ger- | mans and Italians cannot expect to have the same | advantage. They will have to take it, too. The American hoodlum of tlie prohibition era used to speak of a gun as an equalizer, which was a quaint

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

And Just What Will the English

“I just want to ask what you think I'm goin’ be doin’ while |

HEY undoubtedly are soft again in the military | sense, except at sea, and their aviation and that | of France. by all accounts, is very inferior to that of |

But the British didn’t begin to no | half |

Are there any

FRIDAY, SEPT. 30, 1938

Would You Mind Carving That in Granite--By Herblock

Paris and Praha and the Italians and Germans are |

even the |

1 wholly

The Hoosier Forum

disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.—Voltaire.

a WORD FOR CHAMBERLAIN

FROM AN ENGLISHWOMAN | BY Maie Clements, Bloomington During these last tense days, a {large section of the American press has been criticizing Neville Cham|berlain's endeavors to find a solu-

tion to the European crisis. As an

to express

troversies

(Times readers are invited their these columns, religious conexcluded. your letter short, so all can have a chance. Letters must be signed, but names will be

views in

Make

widow who is the breadwinner of | her family? I worked before my marriage and | after that I stayed home taking care of my home and family and | now that my husband is dead and | I have three children to support, | the agencies tell me I have very little chance of obtaining work as| I have had no recent experience. |

Gen. Johnson Says—

An Insane Hafred for Roosevelf Is Even More Futile and Foolish Than the Hatred of the Fuehrer.

EW YORK, Sept. 30—Here's another 2 cents on the continued thin gamble of this column | that Hitler has been bluffing on a bob-tail flush and, | now thet he seems to be called, he is folding. Almost all comment has remarked upon his ex- | clusive devotion to hymnals of hate, to his thwrumming | of tom-tams of fierce trthal emotion That is right. If you read Tacitus, the first write | ten story of Teutonic methods, you will find an ac< count of a primitive parallel of precisely the same method, almost 2000 years ago. There then was ons saving grace, according to this verv early historian. | Before action, these questions of war or peace were | always decided twice, once drunk with both emotion and alcohol, and later sober. It prevented many a war. | Mr. Hitler doesn’t use alcohol. He apparently relies on his ability 8s a medicine-man to incite a tribal | hatred jag. But, between the high point of that emotional orgy and actual marching orders, the mobilization of the democracies at least seems to have sobered him.

» =» = UPPOSE it hasn't. Suppose a single excited paranoic in an ecstasy of hatred, had been able to | let war loose upon the world, as he still may, and kill the lives of millions and the ideals and hopes of millions more, It would be an unanswerable indictment of so-called civilization. The emotion of hatred in either international or | political relations is as dangerous as dynamite to the haters. Hitler's single hate speech did more to alienate the world from Germany than anything he has done—apd he has done plenty, In a recent trip through parts of the Fast and Middle West, I happened to encounter more of the Roosevelt-haters than I have vet seen. It seems to be a rapidly growing tribe. Hitler has nothing on them, There is no use arguing principle in that | company. »

” »

| ANY of these gents seem to get the relief felt by gypsy vagrants in sticking hot hat-pins into wax images of their enemies, but not exactly in that way,

They regale themselves with impossible and unprintable stories about the whole Roosevelt family. The faintest word of praise for any of the President's accomplishments or any New Deal reform is a trigger to fire off nearly all of them. To any word of crit- | icism along the whole front of Administration activity, they purr like contented cats, whether it is justified or not. | Anybody who criticizes what he thinks is wrong and appraves what he thinks is right, is an inconsist= _ ent, wishy-washy two-timer who is trying to carry= | water on both shoulders. Nothing short of continuous drum-fire from both above and below the belt com= = mands their attention. 4 This is the same medicine Hitler uses, but indomestic affairs, it is even more futile and foolish. = There is plenty in the realm of reason to oppose in - the third New Deal without practicing the insane hatreds of any Hitlerian horror. The latter device makes two friends for Rooseveltian error for every opponent it creates.

to respect the treaties of Locarno. In March, 1936, he broke those treaties by sending troops into the Rhineland, giving as his excuse France's alliance with Russia. In March. 1936, he told, in an interview, of his proposal for pacts of nonaggression on the east and west of Germany—a proposal which, he said, was universal. “There is certainly no exception intended to it; it applies equally to Czechoslovakia and Austria.” Now see what is happening |

With the Money for Public Works to Czechoslovakia.

Munich should be followed as quickly as possible by | Available, It lent Being Spent.

a conference, or a series of conferences, with a view to EW YORK. Sept. 30.—The current Treasury statement contains a curious item—one which is

hel pei my references for sty Alli ork ones and wines 0 work Jf Seems to Me ihe IHCEIant liowlingy o Shame icizing those who in this dire hour ©St living for my family. being cast at her country, day in are excesding the lmits of their | It isn t fair that those married and day out, by those who have the . ’ > ii {women whose husbands are workgeographical good fortune of safety |P22CCU powers. She would also for- ing should be given preference as their lot, I cannot help but be- 86t her own geographical safety (Over he Ye really ead work come deeply angered at the injustice and join hands with those other i, oir Ee, ToT I mn of many of the charges. lgrand gentlemen who are eating y

| way of expressing the truth that, six-foot Prussian or scrawny cockney, a bullet's as big as a man.

Business By John T. Flynn

Englishwoman, resident in this

withheld on request.) country, who is forced to listen to

a e g 1

}¢ US O00 3¢

By Heywood Broun

What a Difference There Was inThe Speeches of the Two Germans. - reach the age of 16.

oy ay iD 5 Jack nd Ge lhe dust of humiliation that blood, Given a chance, the women who | EW yosk ons Jrroa ey a | y, Wild! | . : asgalla . really need job: ell { mas a . onaay r . -r |his political faults may be, is doing Might not be spilled recklessly. Swarkers a woud > etter tween these Germans there-is fixed a gulf broad as a - [naught else at this moment but try- One last word. The United States e

! ! t ( only for the extra luxuries. thousand years and deep as the pit. It is strange,’ ‘ing with all his might to preserve had as much to do with the Treaty | y J

: . : and a little terrifying to find two leaders of the same - liquidating as many vexatious or war-causing problems as | worth pausing to loek at. peace in Europe. . lof Versailles as did Great Britain. 7 5.» nation standing so far apart in all things. possible—territorial, colonial, racial, economic, commercial, | The statement reveals that since July 1, the be- 2 It is all very well for American ghe pag all to do with the original HOW THINGS LOOK Mann and Hitler spoke under very similar circums= financial. armament, and so on. Hitler has said again and | ging of this fiscal year, $625,000,000 es been spent tn alt ors! 8 ideals of the League of Nations, but FROM AFAR stances. Each appeared in a huge hall before a He ih vii > . 3 aT eS y the Government on recovery and relief. | Lh » hg when the danger spots began to ap- |g, 8. ¢ throng of listeners. Thomas Mann's position as a. acain that if allowed what he wants in Sudetenland he | = But amid the figures which disclose this is a small Czechoslovakia. It is grand of them po.r neatly deserted. It is well to] defender of democracy is as definitely established as ill be good forever after. A way should be found to get | item—=$5.213.355. [10 sei themselves up as the cham: \oyuming one’s own foults before! THiRgs seen at a grest distance) Will be goo( "Ver & . * ay © ’ & { , ’ i > : | spent on public works, as distinguished from WPA,

: ; i ; : : Hitler's leadership of the Fascist forces. It is unnec= ; That is the sum of money which has just been [Pions of little people, but what I yrjing invectives upon others. have a marvelous simplicity. essary here to point out the difference in their polit= that statement signed and sealed. lask. does it achieve in the cause of] 9 If the present lull can be used to bring about general | a Yhish comes out of the vast appropriation of ast June.

Prominent in one of the country’s | jca] beliefs. Indeed, the thing which struck me was [peace—the peace about which they ” = ; . iis | prattle so glibly? {ASKING A CHANCE FOR news dispatch from Australia bring-| voy like, just plain manners. appeasement in Europe, then the truce, instead of expiring | It will be remembered that Congress appropriated | : ; next spring with a bang, may be converted into a peace | a billion and a quarter for public works; that this people also feel sick and miserable

greatest newspapers recently was a | something else. It was the cleavage in culture, or, if I can assure you that the British JOBLESS WIDOWS ing word of a current worry that | This may not be the major issue in a crisis. Per= | ; would seem to have that far con- haps Hitler might be fully as dangerous if he wers ; # . : fow vears. And if those vears | sum was in the immense recovery bill sent to Con- |at the plight of the Czechs, but you r 5 iL “that. every feels] | which will last at least a Tew years. And S€ years, 'must bear in mind that the people| Why is that everyone feels greatly aroused at a proposal to send| ,."; ‘meat ax. And vet I feel strongly that the tragic if statesmen are wise, a good many things will have a chance Now, with one quarter of the year gone, only one- t the littl half of 1 per cent of that gigantic appropriation has fully cognizant of the hopeless and "10 t and continues to hire oi are the little Teddy bears na-| proke into shrill hysteria the listener who sat beside helpless plight of humanity — the oo. 504 women in preference to the |['¢ to that land. It seems that the| me saiq grimly, “The mark of the beast.” And I an- { these other sums are the payments due on old proj- a 193% primary contests may well prompt Congress to | ects started a long time ago. This six million dollars [the dismemberment of Czechoslo- | public is up in arms, protesting to| acted as translators. Several of them confessed an . Sidr Sparks d expenditur the newspapers, and the newspapers inability at times to distinguish the word of Hitler, pass a law controlling primary practices and expenditures. | Let Hitler have his three million| — QOpedient men take arms long Sudeten Germans. Surely, it's better lain aside: from Australia these days! It makes| to make out his phrases. it sound like a heaven on earth in| primary elections. { called here to the fact that it takes a long time “Great Old Man” | fo spend a billion dollars, particularly long time on | Epamberlain is an old | 3 man, and Des of the world suffer the belief| y,5 coherent. He was not there to disseminate ideas - at America’s chief current CON-| hut only to whip up emotion. He might just have expenditures were also placed. Primary as well as general fered as an argument against such a program but | will write him down as the great | merely to set straight our perspective on its immedi-

would now reverse itself, and sanction Federal control o

Call to arms— Marching feet, drums of war, Cheering throngs, cry of battle; Do they know what they're

By a Reader i y i tinent by the ears. The public iS| (206 and silken. A stiletto can be as great a threat | gress by the President and that this sum was sup- ! : : . of England, France and the rest of sorry for a man with a family to some koalas to the San Francisco olor of our day is heightened by the fact that the to happen. been spent. 'children, the women, the sick—the (koala is becoming more and more| swered, “Even worse than that—the touch of the - WAR LORDS SHOUT referred to is the only money actually to be spent on : are protesting to the government. because he lashed himself into such a pace and into ed & ~ S 1 + hh y S 4 , i A . . | Most students of the subject believe that the Supreme Court to make this concession to him than power and greed thought vanquished these times. | Emotion, Not Ideals Congress in 1910 and 1911 required publicity of | large scale public works projects. And a caution was | fighting for. cerns are the choice of a Scarlett| weil done the whole thing on a voodoo drum.

| posed to afford the great increase in Government ex- ¢ or penditures which would produce a hurried recovery. |Europe happen to live on the vol- support who is unemployed, but €XPosition. man who seems to me the villain of this generation canic edge of the inferno. They are|y, ; vo nothing of a woman in the, [0218S in event you have forgot-| nappens to be so grossly a vulgarian. As the voice EW " ON PRIMARIES? NEW FEDERAL LAW ON PRI I 4 id 1 ‘ The Government has, of course, spent other sums Hrd on a ot | Pu re HE sc: S thed and still to be unearthed in the | for public works, though no very great sum. But incalculable millions of defenseless rare, and a long sea journey would | pam” HE seandals unearthed |creatures—and in the face of it all,| likely be fatal to one. So the| was brought up on German, and besices, experts - By ALBERTA DUNCAN STIER {vakia seems the lesser of two evils ‘War lords shout— public works projects under the much discussed act of June, 1938. So that constitutes the big news| such strained vocal production that it was impossible TF A Billion Goes a Long Way | for Europe to swim once again in Resurrects; they have not died. | At the time the act was passed attention was blood. i . Bu then you recall that Fore] And, of course, Hitler was indifferent in the clos= han a few citizens of other far cor-| j,,0 portion of his address as to whether or not he: : : . ; Sri tr 3 : : lit may be that in spite of all that| . iba os yaions for Congress, and limits on | offered not to put too much faith in the immediate 1 : : expenditures in campaigns g | effects of a public works program. This was not of- [is said against him today, history

O'Hara and the probiem of whether| And I thought of Thomas Mann standing slim

War lords triumphant cry— to swing it or play it straight. | and austere upon a platform in the Garden. He, too,

elections were covered. In 1918 Truman H. Newberry, Republican, by less than 5000 defeated Henry Ford, running as a Democrat, for U. S. Senator from Michigan. Newberry was indicted by the Government and was found guilty in Federal Court of violating the 1910-11 legislation.

| Appeal was taken to the Supreme Court. It was alleged

that the judge had improperly charged the jury; also that the Federal acts were unconstitutional in their application to primaries. The court was unanimous in deciding that the charge to the jury was improper, so that the verdict must be reversed. On whether Congress had power to legislate on primaries, the court split 3 to 4. Mr. Justice McReynolds, for the majority, pointed out that primaries were unknown when the Constitution was

adopted. Elections then meant final choice, not nomination. |

So the power given Congress over elections could not cover primaries. However, Mr. Justice McKenna of the majority expressly reserved opinion on whether Federal regulation of primaries would: be constitutional if enacted after the 17th Amendment went into effect. That amendment, for popular election of Senators, was ratified in 1913.

Mr. Justice Pitney, for himself and Brandeis and Clarke Jr., pointed out that railroads were no more known | Yet the court had allowed |

than primaries in 1787. railroads to be included in the term “interstate commerce.”

In many states, primaries were the most decisive step in | Furthermore, the

the complicated process of elections. Constitution gave Congress the power, not only to alter state regulations on holding elections for Congress, but also

to make the laws necessary to give effect to that power. |

The Federal act of 1925, which superseded previous laws on corrupt practices, expressly exempts primary elections and political conventions. On general elections, it requires publicity of expenditures and receipts and puts a limit on expenditures. But obviously Federal safeguards for general elections cannot be really effective un®il Federal law protects primaries.

ate possibilities The Governmrnt has stepped up its expenditures. | But these have been due to WPA. | Almost every other department of the Govern- | ment charged with spending money for recovery has been spending at a slower pace than last year. Even the Army and Navy in spite of the huge armament | bills have increased their spendings only slightly. This proves what has really needed no proof, that if we are to go in for public works as a means of spending recovery money, we must have a long-term | program of construction worked out in minute de- | tail ready to put into effect whenever expansion of | Sovernne operations are necessary. Instead we | have a headlong race to get plans immaturely finished and projects started on half-baked proposals.

| i AF: A Woman's View By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

point

| HIS month every member of a nation-wide study group known as “The Speakér’s Institute” received | a booklet containing these words: “We do implore you clubwomen to put aside every- | thing else and devote your thoughts to basic prob- | lems. You represent the substantial, intelligent class | In this country and are not only directing the course

| of the present generation by your thought amd vision, | ; | but are also molding the thoughts of the next gen- | °

| eration.” | That is swell advice. At a time of world crisis no club can be content to dillydally over nonessentials, and it's foolhardy to proceed this fall as if nothing were happening. Something is happening: something momentous, that may change the whole course of hu- | man history, and certainly something that American | mothers can scarcely afford to ignore. Suppose you heard someone screaming to you that the baby was drowning in the fishpond. Would you go on placidly cooking your supper? In effect that is what all mothers do when they close their eyes and | minds to outside happenings. And unless clubwomen decide this year to give up secondary matters | for a time, and interest themselves in big events, we may all be drowning in the fishpond the next thing vou know. These outside events do affect your home and mine—they affect the future of our children. To be sure, no one can do mich until she knows | something about what's going on—and there's where the value of club work comes in. It is through our clubs that we keep up with events. But there's no use in study unless we can use our influence as a group to change such events as are not to our liking. The lazy woman never gets her house cleaned—and the lazy club member who wants only to read and talk and play the grand lady will never get her messy world in order. }

|

A

lold man who had the courage to, Above |sink personal pride, and the pride] feet

of his nation, to humiliate himself por homeless babes, sons brutally

to the ground so that Europe might | be saved from the greatest of all| | horrors—war. If Americans feel the cause so deeply, and would preserve the {Sudeten area for the Czechs, why /do they not stop “deploring” and |

slain

|seives to defend this feeble democ-| Jeremiah 17:14. (racy? It seems to me that if Amer- | licans were so concerned with the]

the rhythm of marching,

A million mothers weep.

DAILY THOUGHT

Heal me, O Lord, and I shall he healed; save me, and I shall be |lead some battalions forth them-| saved: for thou art my praise.—

|peace of Europe and the fate of its|/ \ also for love, mercy, and people, then she would stop crit-ness.—R. E. Thompson.

chimney.

By

” o THE LEGION FOR HE CONTENDS C. B. M. The adoption by the American {Legion of the resolution urging the curtailment of all immigration indi- |

o

GETS,

Another pipe dream goes up the,

cates a very callous and inhuman They

attitude.

| gees,

forget LL true zeal for God is a zeal country was settled and developed good-~ by political, class and racial refu- |

that

this

LET'S EXPLORE YOUR MIND

By DR. ALBERT EDWARD WIGGAM

| 5CHOOL HAVE THE Sane OPPORTUNITY

this, brightest

GAME GRADE IN | about.

TO GAIN AN EDUCATION? YES ORNOaee | | interest

about

mocracy. | |

OFS PRACTICALLY EVERY ONE HAVE AN AM IN

LIFE? YES ORNO.___

conaer, "22 3

nearly

LF £2

BE = os ra

”

Yes. In a movie the dramatic | details of ‘the tragedy that we artist portrays, for example, a wouldn't think about in hearing of tragic criminal act, the arrest and |a similar, real-life tragedy. Consetrial of the criminal, the great un- quently we break down and sob at happiness. caused in the family of a scene in a movie which we would the criminal and makes us see the live through in life without a tear.

i a te A

if the

the dull

They cannot know

and,

all

Not unless they are all about the same grade of intelligence. | Of course a skillful teacher can do jmuch to adapt her teaching to each |

pupil's mental level but, aside from | lessons be for the! pupils, simply do not know what it is all!

ones

and

therefore can gain no education. As a result they get But if the lessons be made for the dull pupils,

into mischief. |

the bright ones lose

into mischief.

with minds, are even more likely to get It has been found far better to separate them into three grades—fast average and slow,

the

»

their

active

learners,

This is true de-

successful

Of course any |

| Over 10,000 people were carefully studied by trained psy-| chologists on this point and it is truly discouraging to find that 95 | out of every 100 had no definite aim in life. This study also showed that

ones

among these 10.000 had had definite, clear-cut aims in life from {their early years. one will tell you he would like to| be mch or famous or have a well paying job, but ask him to write t his life pattern and hardly one person in 20 will write anything more than very vague generalities

was under the tension of a great emotion. But be= cause he was moved he tock occasion to speak simply and slowly. What he said represented his matured conviction. It came from his heart, but it also came from his head. Mann did not raise his voice as he". said to a throng which sat in an all-engrossed silence, = “Hitler must fall. This and nothing else will preserve the peace.” x : And one day later I heard the Fuehrer racked by his fury, shriek to the world. “In this hour the whole - German people will be united to me. My will they shall feel as their will.” : And I knew that already the answer io him had* been given. The world must appeal from the Gere:

|

many of Adolf Hitler to the Germany of Thomag = - : { Mann.

Watching Your Health

+

‘By Dr. Morris Fishbein

ODERN civilization places greater and greater stress on hearing as an aid to living. The coms ing of the motor car and speedy transportation, development of the radio, the talking motion picture, are examples of the changes that have brought about this stress.

Today the person who is hard of hearing is defi-

nitely more handicapped economically than was the deafened person of 1900. Notwithstanding the fact that an infection of the middle ear reveals that the human being has tremen= _ dous power of recovery, there are some cases in which repeated infections or inflammations result in de- - struction of the sense of hearing. : Perforation in order to relieve infection is a meas~ ure for preserving the hearing rather than diminishing it. Unfortunately there are many people who believe - otherwise and who put off far too long the necessary .

| operation.

Continued infection of the sinuses, the teeth, thenose, and the tonsils may result in chronic irritation inside the ear which will pgoduce loss of hearing. In _ such cases, the loss of hearing is gradual and does not receive attention until it is too late. The most common causz of loss of hearing is otosclerosis. In this there are changes in the internal” ear, so that there is limitation of the movement of the - bones which hy their motion convey sounds. The: exact cause of this condition is not known. E Among other diseases, syphilis is particularly a. cause of deafness, because it can reach the nerves | which are primarily responsible for hearing. Another: | cause of deafness is heavy gunfire, or repeated loud: explosions. « = ~ Nowadays there are many ways in which the per-~ son who is hard of hearing can be helped, including

.! lip reading, which is of the greatest importance,