Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 September 1938 — Page 12

Page PDF (10.61 MB)

Back to issue view

TRE ERS RR

PAGE 12

The Indianapolis Times

(A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)

ROY W. HOWARD LUDWELL DENNY MARK FERREE President Editor Business Manage®*

Price in Marion Countv. 3 cents a copy: delivered by carrier, 12 cents

a week.

Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co, 214 W. Maryland St. Mail subscription rates in Indiana, $3 a year: outside of Indiana, 65 cents a month.

Own Wap

Member of United Press, Scripps - Howard Newspaper Alliance. NEA Service, and Audit Bu-

reau of Circulations. Riley 5351

Give Tioht and the People Will Fina oly

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1938

6 TOO THE erats of Nevada calls to mind something that happened 1937. That after

ation of Senator McCarran by the Demo-

AREAS SBA renomin

Aug. 20, was shortly

on the night of the Senate had performed the last but not-so-sad rites over the corpse of the President’s court-packing bill. On that night Senator Guffey, ves-man Democrat of Pennsvivania, denounced over the radio the “unfaithful” Senators who had opposed the court bill and warned that they would be punished at the polls. That night marked h of what has come to be called the “purge.”

he birt Well. Senator Gillette of Towa has been renominated. lo have Senators VanNuvs of Indiana, Clark of Missouri nd Smith of South Carolina and now McCarran. To these hould be added the name of Senator Adams of Colorado, hose renomination has been made certain, To date. six Senators who opposed the court-packing that their names will be on the November hallots under the Democratic emblem. And not one Sen-

who opposed the bill has yet been defeated.

. bill are sure

ata ald!

We will wonder who wrote that speech for Senator Guffey, and by whose authority the writer ventured to express the collective sentiment of rank-and-file Democrats.

WHAT DID HOPKINS MEAN? HARRY HOPKINS, in his radio talk from Boston recentIv, made a curious statement that possibly indicates

going on in the back of his mind.

what "the people are not satisfied with the President or the Congress,” he said, “they may change either or both at the ballot box.” Now,

President

Mi. had in mind

situation as of today, how

presuming that Hopkins

Roosevelt, and the

can the people change their President at the ballot box unless he rung for a third term in 19407 Mr. Roosevelt will have to make himself a lot plainer and even plainer

< sithiect than he has done to date

“al 27 with his “|

sve rad aly August

if he is to evade an embar-

in Coolidge did in 102%"

i. sh § wish tit not Choose 10 run In

rassing test of third-term sentiment in the Senate next

For Senator Iolt intends to offer a resolution expressng the Senate's opposition to a third term, and Senator srah and have said they would vote for it. (A resolution ator La Follette, when Coolidge

was passed by the Senate 56-26, [iX months

others

mila by Sen

3 al Maer dond

was | aent,

after the “I do not choose” pronouncement.) rue, | Roosevelt said at the Victory Dinner last vear: “My first ambition on Jan. 20, 1941, is to turn over this desk and chair in the White House to my successor, whoever he may be, with the assurance that I am at the President; a nation

> ote.

True, Mr.

ne time turning over to him as ct, a nation at peace, a nation prosperous | > » » » » » wag not convincing, even to his own lieutenants.

Farley, at Spokane, predicted again, he would carry all 48

months later Jim Mr. Roosevelt ran And a month after that, Charles Michelson, chiet © ++ With the world in such ide of this continent, it cannot forecast er the American people would permit Only

Michelson remarked again: “Circumstances

to lav down hig burden.

(Mi his month Ar

} 3 1 T3358 <3 Cay 5 } . ght arise that would make it impossible for him to tay

\ Roosevelt)

down th

Allred and Benson have third the

Neely of West Virginia com-

Governors Earle, Murphy,

come out publicly for a Roosevelt term, In July

petitioned President to run

Colorado steel workers

This week Senator

again,

ngelf to support a third term “if events turn

¥ i

3 y J 3 1 . hes yas . . . 5 ~ at way ana preaicteq tinat n her the world, the Tesh, Liat Aa) {

Vk daloact 4d Mactdant I ha a could defeat the President if he ran.

Whether

: nobody appears to know save

the devil” In here Is any fire beneath it, the Pr | t stated their ighorance of A debate in the Senate on such a resolution as young Ar. Holt proposes and Mr. Borah supports would be an

OCEaRIon for some unpleasantiy violent remarks.

shorts there is a lot of third-term smoke. > . wife and mother have

esident even his

his plans,

The President should think carefully before needlessly exposing himself and the country to such a show—if, as we believing, he has no intention of running again,

s cannot heip

RELIEF PAY FOR POLITICS pAViP LASSER, president

| bent on collecting from WPA workers a £350,000

of the Workers Alliance, is

This despite the Works Progress Administrator's declated belief that campaign contributions by WPA workers, while possibly legal, was inadvisable. Something much worse than inadvisable, we think. is the opinion of taxpayers who may well ask why any part of the millions of dollars taken from them for relief should be taken from its recipients for the purposes of a political campaign. Huge relief funds supposedly provided for the needy don’t come so easily from the pockets of these taxpayers that the latter are willing to see it levied on by politicians to further political plans. Mr. Lasser should wake up to this and drop his inde- - fensible scheme,

air Enough

By Westbrook Pegler

Cotton Ed Smith Beat Opposition To Draw, Westbrook Believes, by

Reviving White Supremacy Issue.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Something Familiar About Him —By Herblock Pn Fae CRN les : 5 3

There’s

EW YORK, Sept. 7.—Cotton Ed Smith, who has | just received another mandate from the people |

of South Carolina, has been denounced for waving a bloody shirt in his recent successful campaign and reviving the issue of white supremacy in the South. It is difficult. however, to see how the issue on which Senator Smith made his campaign can be avoided in future battles within Party in the South. party contains a strong element of politically adventurous Northern visionaries and theorists are determined to apply their beliefs. evenly evervwhere. In doing this, these New Dealers must, in consistency, raise the issue which Senator Smith used for reasons of political opportunism. He just beat the opposition to the punch. The issue cannot be avoided anywhere in the Deep South without a serious compromise of professed principle.

ment of the Negro vote in the North, it will provoke a widespread revival of the reminiscences and feeling to which Senator Smith resorted in his fight. 5 &£ #4 FAST consistent of those who rebuke Mr. Smith + for raising this issue are the Communists and those journalistic fellow-traveiers who weep over the tragedy of such a low appeal from the stump, knowing that they have forced the issite by nominating a Negto for the office of Vice President on the Communist ticket Anvone with anv realism or honesty knows that this was done as a gesture of extreme aggravation and taunt, and was directed at the white population of the Southern states, It was intended to woo the Negro everywhere, and to enrage the white South, and there was not the slightest notion that the candidacy of the Negro running-mate of Earl Browder should be taken seriously If, however, the Communists and their fellowtravelers be taken literally in this, they should welcome rather than regret the acceptance of their deliberate challenge, 5: & & NOTTON ED ig no great adornment to the Senate, A and his victory is a matter of little pride to those who would curb the development of a Government by one man’s will. Yet he would have been entirely acceptable, and would have been acclaimed as a progressive statesman of the South, like Pepper, of Florida, if he had notified the White House in advance of a willingness to vote exactly as directed on 1ssues, It takes no Senator to do that, and it needn't cost 20.000 a year in pay, expenses and perquisites of the Senatorial office to hire a dummy to perform the simple “yea” and “nay” duties of a man so committed. A page boy could do the job just as well. Huey Long had sucha Legislature in Baton Rouge, and would sit in the Governor's office, from which he often ran the Governor out like a menial, and watch the vete of his dummies flash in red and green lights on the electrical scoreboard. The lights, except a few, were all of one color on any given proposition, for the legislators got orders from Huey. Some of them when engaged on other business actually did engage page boys to stand by and push the buttons gn their desks. And if any member forgot to vote or his page forgot to vote for him Huey would roar over the phones to Speaker Ellender, “Hey, tell that so-and-so to push his button so I can sce it on the board”

Business By John T. Flynn

Employees at a Disadvantage in Steel Industry, Economist Says.

EW YORK, Sept. 7.—The report of the President's . N commission which went to England to study Britains labor policies and practices pointed out more than one circumstance in British policy which is of present interest heve. It put stress upon the fact that in England labor is organized upon an industry basis and the emplovers are similarly organized. That is true here in some industries—as for instance in the coal industry. There the coal operators have their trade organization and the miners have a great union which spreads over the whole field of coal. When a wage or working agreement is under consideration the entire industry of employers sits down with the representatives of labor and makes an agreement which covers the industry This is true, of course, in the railway industry, in the textile industry (to a degree), in the building industry and in several others. And while in some cases the actual contract may be made with individual employers, this is merely a means of rendering effective an imdustrr-wide arrangement The however, describes this system as being the dominating one in the British labor world. It is not universal, but nearly o.

Employers Are Organized

Now much of the trouble which has arisen out of relations in this country has grown out of the refusal of employers to operate upon this system. The steel industry is one in point. There the emplovers have insisted that the individual emplover should deal with the employees in his own organization. It is a fact that the steel industry is dominated by a few great corporations The heads of these corporations can get together with the greatest ease They have a great organization of their own known as the Don and Steel Institute. They have besides the means of easy and swift and effective combined action To force the emplovees sto organize as isolated units limited to individual corporations or even plants while at the same time permitting the employers to act as a unit is so manifestly unfair a procedure that no one need be surprised that the workers have fought it. If the steel industry would do what the Envlish have done—recognize the right of labor to organize as it wishes and to deal with the industry as a whole-~there would have been far less upset ana trouble in the steel world than there has been.

1" ail

report

Y » labor

A Woman's Viewpoint By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

HE other day I read a statement credited to a young university student, which went like this: “A good brickiaver, carpenter, machinist or expert typist is immeasurably more prepared to meet the world than the average college graduate from a school

. of liberal arts.” time we took a good sock at such a mate- | We have wandered far

Terk bb isn it

rialistic concept of education?

And. if it be pressed out of respect | for consistency and principle, and for the appease: |

the Democratic | For the Roosevelt wing of the |

who |

bar

nd? Sw

sr TH vse

SAN iin 2 " SA Sie so >

Vn POAT oy — Ir AE Fein

ee . d

Vrs

” 5 I hei a on AH IVa AR a “y eyo

LP a VB a A op op Ber sh

“Horny

5 ALE AAR po AT PT

a”

aaa ito Jol

SOM rf PP SAID Ap,

wp - Ofer,

HAR I I SR A I ee eR

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 7, 1938

a FL 3

DIbA'T

FEN

A 3 : es

I MEET YOU ONCE

BEFORE ~~ IN BELGIUM?

onl fone ar CVI or

The Hoosier Forum

I wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.—~Voltaire.

F. D. R. ADVISED TO KEEP OUT OF STATE POLITICS By F. ES. Just a recent primary elections Carolina and California. The nomination of Cotton Ed Smith and Downey, both opposed

few words relative to

by President Roosevelt, reflects that |

some people of those states still have some reasoning power of their own They will not stand for ballvhoo or coercion. The politicly minded President would do better to tend to his own “back yard” instead of invading states to dictate how the | people should vote Much can be said about the primaries, but the final word is that the people of South Carolina and California are to be commended on their good work as voters. Let us { hope that Georgia and Maryviand follow through so as to make the renunciation unanimous, & ¥ LIKES RIP-ROARING PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS By Nellie Larrvigan Ain't it just grand? ‘The 1940 campaign fireworks are beginning to pop off already! Just two things excite me to any degree, one being a heavyweight championship prize fight and the other a red-hot, riproaring presidential campaign and election. I pray night and morning that Roosevelt will throw in his hat for a third term. As a free peo- | ple we demand a third term for him We will go to battle for the grandest | President that ever wore striped suspenders. » » 4 SUGGESTS PROBE IN IDAHO BY BORAH By EE J T In the spirit of fascism. Mussolini moved into Ethiopia and stole it In the spirit moved troops stole it In the same spirit, it is reported that thousands of Republicans moved into the Democratic ranks in Idaho's primary election and stole Senator Pope's nomination The spirit in all three is identical We know that Mussolini and Hitler are antidemocrate. They both admit it and fight it openly But whoever organized those Republicans in Idaho and put over that putsch is guilty sabotage against our democratic institution of primary elections in a subversive way. American citizens should know who built that Trojan horse and moved it in, and I propose that we nominate the Progressive Senator Borah a committee of one to report on the matter

troops

of into

Hitler and

Nazism, Austria

the

South

(Times readers are invited

to express their views in

cons Make

your letter short, so all can

these columns, religious

troversies excluded.

have a chance. Letters must

be signed, but names will be

withheld on request.)

SAYS NEW DEAL FUTILE IN CAPITALIST SYSTEM By Fritz Gannon Five years have passed since President Roosevelt's New Deal appeared upon the political horizon heralding

the inauguration of an era of unprecedented prosperity for the millions of unemployed in this great land of plenty, Can it be truthfully said that the New Deal, which promised so much that was most desirable for the great army of unfortunates in this country, has been an unqualified success? Well, let us see. We find almost, if not quite, as many unemployed in the land today as there were in 1933. Moreover, the standard of living among American workers has not undergone any material improvement since the New Deal came into being. The chances of balancing the national budget in the near future are very slender; so slender, in fact, as to cause many of the less hopeful

to wonder whether such a thing is!

possible ‘ere the whole financial structure of the nation crumbles and topples to destruction. It is all too apparent that attempting to get rid of the evils and abuses of the capitalist-profit system without ever raising a finger to abolish j capitalism is as futile as trying to make an empty sack stand upright Undoubtedly, Mr. Roosevelt means well and is probably sincere in his expressed desire that American workers be given a better oppor-

ADVICE ON WOMEN By VIRGINIA POTTER Cupid shot him with a rod And opened Heaven's portals, But he was often finding fault, Forgetting women, too, are mortals.

So this remember and be content With the one you love the best: She may not be an angel, But neither are the rest.

DAILY THOUGHT Because ye have spoken vanity, and seen lies, therefore, behold, I am against you, saith the Lord God.—Ezekiel 13:8.

QPEAL IN much {8 a sign of . vanity, for he that is lavish in words is a niggard in deed.—Sir W. Raleigh.

tunity to enjoy the good things of (this world; but up to the present moment he has not had the courage to step boldly forth and declare

himself for the one sure remedy for |

unemployment and all the ills and woes arising therefrom. Personally, I have grave doubts of his ever doing so. { = ~ » SUGGESTS WRINGER AND RATE CUT FOR RAILROADS |By ©. W. M. { We read that there will be a strike | vote taken by railroad employees, and there may be a strike—maybe there is no way to clarify the railroad situation except through a strike. people aware of the railroad situation, First, 80 per cent of the carriers shold be liquidated financially, and freight rates on heavy industrial and farm products must be reduced 40 per cent, and then railroad management, whatever is left of it, could talk to railroad labor with clean hands and get somewhere,

2 ” ” CHARLIE M'CARTHY CALLED SINISTER RED CHIEF By E. R. Stephens

Press reports state the Dies committee is seeking additional funds

to continue its investigation. If the | Communists are only one-tenth as

canny as some of the Dies commit-

tee witnesses would have us believe, | they will immediately forward suf- |

ficient funds to keep the summer sideshow going for at least six months. The ridiculous statements of the witnesses can only cause a

cause,

And when the revolution starts!

to roll, Shirley Temple may be driv-

ing the lead tumbril, but the real |

leader, the only American who is red through and through (and while

I have this information from sources |

I cannot make public, if necessary

I will whisper it in those great, big | | ears of the committee members), is

that sinister, dyed-in-the-wool red,

| the master mind, Red Kid Charlie, | Red Cedar |

sometimes known as Charlies or Redwood Charlie Carthy.

Mc-

» ” 5 QUESTIONS RIGHT OF REFUGEES By T. R.

| Reports are that Nazi refugees are {arriving in this country at |day. Where will the elected representatives of Americans go who are the victims of Frank'in Roosevelt's purge? Roosevelt signed a proclamation May 13, 1938, admitting 27,370 refugees. He asked Congress on May 20,1938, to appropriate $72,500 for these refugees. Will this bring the more abundant life to the forgot- | ten men in America?

afield when we can accept the theory that higher edu- | cation is meant to train the individual only in the |

making of money endowed with such an idea in the minds of their founders. They should not be maintained, if such an idea persists. We educate, not to make a living, but to make a life. Unfortunately, in most of our discussions of this subject, we point to the failures—to those individuals who have spent four or six years at some university and who have come out a§ empty-headed as they went in that! Yet it should be obvious that the individual and not higher education must be charged with the wasted ume Any education that helps a man to make a business or professional success and does not teach him the difference between the true and false values of life is a failure, no matter how many scholastic honors he may have won. Thousands of educated men and women have learned in college how to be contented without fame

| and with little money—which should be the funec-

nc rac or

tion of a ani They have acquired something

tests of emotionality--such easily one is upset, or pets hig. orl tional than ¢=insters. He

Colleges were never planned nor |

And how eager we are to blame the colleges for |

» i NICH MORE EMOTIONAL Sr NA \ WONINSUR pL - —— 11

R. Willoughby, psychologist, gave how

rom RAN man 8 we

LET'S EXPLORE YOUR MIND

By DR. ALBERT EDWARD WIGGAM

THE STORY OF LEREDITY...

"WOTHER THE NAMS HAVE ANEW BABY AND JUST LIKE TUE OTHER CHILDREN IT MAS WEB FEET. DOES TWAT MEAN WE WERE ALL WATER ANIMALS ONCE 2" "OM, DOT I IMAGINE THE CHILDREN'S FEET GOT CRAMPED BEFORE THEY BORN"

YOUR OPINION

SE 1 ) ARE THE "RAGS (on To RICHES" STORIES WOR TO DISCOURAGE MNO Es § THAN THEY ENC AGE > YES ORNO

18 ces

sons from 15 to 75 years of age. He found married women more emo-

uot

decide whether the more emotional women appeal to the male sex, and

| thus get husbands, or whether mar- | riage upsets them and makes them | more emotional. You can draw your own conclusions on this point.

n Ld ~

IN ABOUT one family in a : thousand some of the children {are born with the skin of fingers or | toes united as in webfooted animals. | This does not mean we are origi- | nally water animals but it seems to | arise now and then as a new char-

| families “mutation.” Numerous

{ { | |

families have transmitted it for four jor five generations.

8 » »

SO JEAN SHEPHARD, employment director of one of the largest department stores in the world, argues, As she says, they not only | lead the few who “make a million” to look down on those who do not | “succeed” as lazy and incampetent | but it discourages honest, competent

‘| workers who do not happen to get

(to the top—financially—with the feeling they are failures and un-

AS I MENTIONED recently, R.| her feelings hurt, etc—to 1400 per- ! worthy. Critical biographies of suc-

gh financiers are often stimulatin® but many “suceess stories” give

I the reader the feeling of failure,

a Ras LNA Aan Ea

A strike might make the |

reaction favorable to the Communist

100 a |

en. Johnson ays—

Nation Never Realized Great Peril Congestion Caused During the War; It's Risk We Shouldn't Run Again,

ETHANY BEACH, Del, Sept. 7—The appoint= ment of a committee of the Assistant Secretaries of the War and Navy Departments and Mr. Delano to study electric power hcokups in the industrial areas of the East was a necessary defense measure. Ambassador Bullitt said in France recently that no one could prophesy that we will not enter the threatened European war. Maybe not, but the chances against our sending troops again are a thousand to one. Notwithstanding that, the sub-Cabinet Power Committee is a necessary defense measure, Why? Well, during the World War the industrial area north of the Potomac River and east of the Allegheny Mountains was so crammed with war orders as actually to threaten the supply of our armies and the Allies. There developed tremendous shortages, not only of power, but also of labor, coal, iron, steel and— above all—of transportation. “Bottle-neck” cities like Pittsburgh caused railroad traffic jams so stubborn. and so thick that many war factories slowed down or ceased for want of essential material. The electric powerload grew far in excess of the available supply, The situation was partly saved only when the Federal Government moved in with an almost dictatorial con=trol and ruthlessly rationed out the scant supply to the most necessary uses, 5 n »

HE truly appalling effect of this congestion was never made clear to the country. The war was won so unexpectedly and the Armistice brought such a feeling of relief that nobody cared to take the time and trouble to see how near this and other similar causes came to bringing disaster. It is the hard brutal fact that the American supply program was on the verge of complete breakdown in the autumn of 1918. Pershing’s last drive used up more truck transportation than we could replace. Except for purchases from the Allies, our artillery and aircraft programs were complete duds. Although we had for three years been furnishing great quantities of artillery ammunition to the Allies, it is my recollection that we were able to get only about 10,000 rounds of shrapnel from American factories to our own troops before the Armistice, The vast swarms of airplanes with which we had promised to “darken the skies of France” never appeared and we were far behind our program on dozens of other necessary items. It is impossible to make clear just how tragic this kind of failure might have been had the war taken only a slightly different trend. General Pershing had cabled in the sharpest terms that if he could not

get supplies when, where and as he asked for them

he could not be responsible for results in France. » » » NEY much of the congestion that was responsible

for this paralysis of supply was caused by the placing of Allied orders before we entered the war.

While in another general European war, because of-

lack of credit, there might be no such overwhelming sudden demand, there is no assurance of that and there certainly would be none. It is a risk we should never take again. The appointment of this power committee shows that the Government is aware of the danger. But it is only one step among many that should be taken to avoid the same peril. The whole industrial and transportation problem in the area should be checked over to see what ought to be done to prevent another “congested district” (as we used to call it) if the blow so strongly threatened this summer should finally fall. The War Department has done some work in that direction but nowhere near enough.

It Seems to Me

By Heywood Broun

Columnist Wins on a 100-to-1 Shot But Fails to Get Expected Thrill,

EW YORK, Sept. 7.—Somebody told me in my, impressionable years that if you harbor an unworthy ambition it will be like Dead Sea fruit and ashes in your mouth if you attain it. I had an ambition and it came true, and my mouth does fee! a little dry. It wasn't a terribly unworthy ambition, but just one of those simple dreams which everybody harbors. I wanted to win a bet on a 100-to-1 shot, Naturally it meant a lot of traveling about and hard work and almost unlimited capital. But when it happened it came under unfortunate circumstances. Frank Stevens, of the House of Stevens, had said, “Don’t forget Sand Bag. I'm betting a dollar across the board on him.” Now, with a tip like that a fellow would be a fool not to plunge, particularly as they were laying 15 to 1 against Sand Bag. I put $2 right on his nose, and then, just as a saver, I risked a dollar on a longer shot named Gay Troubadour. I watched the race from a high dudgeon as four horses swept across the line nose and nose. You could have covered them with a blanket, and I was in favor of it. Of course, there was a photograph, and all during the screen test I just grouched around saying, “Him and his Sand Bag!” After a long time somebody came up and tapped me on the shoulder and said, “You know that was Gay Troubadour, your 100-to-1 shot that won.” It didn’t seem to be any fun, after all. The setting was all wrong. Nor has there been an afterglow. It so happened that Gay Troubadour came down in front just a day or so after I was up before the House come mittee on subversive infiuences.

A House Member and a Horse

There is confusion. A man remarked, “I saw your name in the paper,” and I had gone on for 10 minutes telling him what I thought of Martin Dies before he said, “I'm referring to the horse and not. the member of the House.” But a couple of others meant the Congressman and not the selling plater,’ It's getting so I can't tell Martin Dies and Gay Troubadour apart. : They are lapped on each other nose and nose, andonly a camera can separate them. And so I have de-. cided to give that horse back to the Indians and start out all over again on my quest for a 100-to-1 shot. I tried yesterday, and Tim Mara said, “If this one wins, my gold watch goes with it.” But I had no hope. in any such entry. I knew that neither could run.’ My lone triumph has brought skepticism rather thans faith. I have even begun to doubt the surety of Dies and Texas.

Watching Your Health

By Dr. Morris Fishbein

OR two successive years investigators in the Kane. sas State College made a study of the extent: of vaccination against smallpox among the students coming to that institution. Of the students who arrived in 1936, almost 75 per cent had a record of having been previously vaccine ated against smallpox, and had a scar to show for it, About 3.3 per cent had not had a previous vaccination, but had had smallpox. About 20.4 per cent had never been vaccinated nor had had smallpox, but most of them had had chickenpox. One and two-tenths per. cent had not had either vaccination against smallpox} itself, or chickenpox. . Whereas 1053 students had been studied in 1936, a similar study of 986 students was made in September, 19317. Of the 986 students who were in the group vaccinated, only 59, or 5.9 per cent, had been vaccinated more than once previously, Those who had had

multiple previous vaccinations within one to five years.

were found to be immune to smallpox to the extents of almost 79 per cent. On the other hand, those who had but a single previous vaccination were not immune to anything: like the same percentage. The evidence seems to be that immunity to smallpox brought about by vaccination is lost by different. people at different rates, and that every individual: who wants to be protected against smallpox should: be vaccinated once in every five to ten years. ’ The number of smallpox cases for each unit of. population, is much lower in those states in which’ everyone iS" viiccinated than in those states in which there is no compulsory vaccination law,