Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 August 1938 — Page 5

_ earners who have earned

DAY, AUG.

1938 __

Roosevelt's Text"

WASHINGTON, Aug. 16 (U. P.).—The text of President Roosevelt’s social security address: The Social Security Act is three years old today. This is a good vantage point from which to take a

long look backward to its beginnings, to cast an appraising eye

_over what it has accomplished so

far, and to survey its possibilities of future growth.

: Five years ago the term “social security” was new to American ears. Today it has significance for more than 40 million men and women workers whose applications for oldage insurance accounts have been received; this system is designed to assure them an income for life afier old age retires them from their jobs. It has significance for more than 27% million men and women wage credits under state unemployment insurance laws which provide half wages to help bridge the gap between jobs. It has significance for the needy men, women and children receiving assistance and for their families—at least 2,300,000 all told; with this cash assistance 1,700,000 old folks are spending their last years in sur‘roundings they know and with people they love; more than 600,000 dependent children are being taken care -of by their own families; and about 40,000 blind people are assured of peace and security among

familiar voices.

- this great democracy.

It has significance for the families and communities to whom expanded public health and child welfare services have brought added protection. And it has significance for all of us who, as citizens have at heart the security and the well-being of

4

‘OBLIGATION FULFILLED’

MN

These accomplishments of three years are impressive, yet we should not be unduly proud of them. Our Government in fulfilling an obvious obligation to the citizens of the country has been doing so only because the citizens require action from their representatives, If the people, during these years, had chosen a reactionary Administration or a “do nothing” Congress, social security would still be in the conversational stage—a beautiful dream which might come true in the dim distant future. But the underlying desire for personal and family security was nothing new. In the early days of colonization and through the long years following, the worker, the farmer, the merchant, the man of property, the preacher and the idealist came here to build, each for himself, a stronghold for the things he loved. The stronghold was his home; the things he loved and wished to protect were his family, his material and spiritual possessions.

His security, then as now, was

bound to that of bis friends and his

neighbors. - But as the nation has developed, as invention, industry and commerce have grown more complex, the hazards of life have become - more complex. Among an-increas-ing host of fellow citizens, among

the often intangible forces of giant

|

sider.

industry, man has discovered that his individual strength and wits were no longer enough. This was not only true of the worker at shop bench or ledger; it wasstrue also of the merchant or manufacturer who employed him. Where heretofore men had turned to neighbors for help and advice, they now turned to Government.

‘RICH AIDED FIRST’

Now this is interesting to conThe first to turn to government, the first to receive protection from Government, were not the poor and the lowly—those who had no resources other than their daily earnings—but the rich and the strong. Beginning in the Nineteenth Century, the United States passed protective laws designed, in the main, to give security to property owners, to industrialists, to merchants and to bankers. True, the little man often profited by this type of legislation; but that was a by-product rather than a motive. Taking a generous view of the situation, I think it was not that Government deliberately ignored the working man but that the working man was not sufficiently articulate to make his needs and his problems known. The powerful in industry and commerce had powerful voices, both individually and as a group, And whenever they saw

their possessions threatened, they |

raised their voices in appeals for Government protection. It was not until workers became more articulate through organization that protective labor legisla. tion was passed. While such laws raised the standards of life, they still: gave no assurance of economic security. Strength or skill of arm or brain did not guarantee a man a job; it did not guarantee him a roof; it did not guarantee him the ability to provide for those dependent upon him or to take care of himself when he was too old to work,

‘MILLIONS WANT SECURITY’

Long before the economic blight of the depression descended on the nation, millions of our people were living in wastelands of want and fear. Men and women too old and infirm ‘to work either depended on those who had but little to share, or spent their remaining years within the walls of a poorhouse. Fatherless children early learned the meaning of being a burden to relatives or to the community. Men and women, still strong, still young, but discarded as gainful workers, were drained of self-confidence and self-respect. The millions of today want, and have a right to, the same security their forefathers sought—the assurance that with health and the willingness to work they will find a place for themselves in the social and economic system of the time. Because it has become increasingly difficult for individuals to build their own security single-handed, Government must now step in and help them lay the foundation stones, just as Government in the past has helped Jay the foundation of business and industry. We must face the fact that in this country we have a rich man’s securify and

& poor man’s security and that the |“

to both. National security is not a half and half matter; it is all or none, The social security act offers to all our citizens a workable and working method of meeting urgent present needs and of forestalling future needs. It utilizes the familiar machinery of our Federal-State Government to promote the common welfare and the economic stability of the nation. The act does not offer anyone, either individually or collectively, an easy life—nor was it ever intended to do so. None of the sums paid out to individuals in assistance or insurance will spell anything approaching abundance. But they will furnish that minimum necessary to keep a foothold; and that is the kind of protection Americans want.

‘NOT GOOD ENOUGH

What we are doing is good. Buf it is not good enough, To be truly national, a social security program must include all those who need its protection. Today many of our citizens are still excluded from oldage insurance and unemployment compensation because of the nature of their employment, This must be set aright; and it will be. Some time ago I directed the Social Security Board to give attention to the development of a plan for liberalizing and extending the old-age insurance system to provide benefits for wives, widows and orphans. More recently, a National Health Conference was held at my suggestion to consider ways and means of extending to the people of this country more adequate health and medical services and also to afford the people of this country some protection against ihe economic losses arising out of in health. I am hopeful/that on: the basis of studies and investigations now under way, the Congress will improve and extend the law. I am also confident that each year will bring further development in Federal and state social security legislation—and—that is as it should be. One word of warning, however. In our efforts to provide security for all of the Ameriean people, let us not allow ourselves to be misled by those who advocate short cuts to utopia - or fantastic financial schemes.

‘LONG WAY TO GO’

We have come a long way. But we still have a long way to go. There is still today a frontier that remains unconquered—an America unreclaimed. This is the great, the nation-wide frontier of insecurity, of human want and fear. This is the frontier—the America—we have set ourselves to reclaim, This third anniversary would not be complete if I did not express the gratitude of the nation to those splendid citizens who so greatly helped me in making Social Security legislation possible and to those patriotic. men and women, both employers and employees, who in their daily activities are today making Social Security work. First of all, to the first woman who has ever sat in the Cabinet of the United States—Miss Frances

.Perkins—then and now the Secre-

tary of Labor. Then to the unselfish commission of men and women who, in 1934, devoted themselves to the almost superhuman task of studying all manner of American problems, of examining legislation already attempted in other nations, and of co-ordinating the whole into practical recommendations for legislative action. Finally I thank publicly as I have so often them privately, four men who have had long and distinguished careers in the public service —Congressman David J. Lewis of Maryland, who is known as one of the American pioneers in the cause of Social Security; Senator Robert F, Wagner of New York, who also was long its advocate; Senator Harrison of Mississippi and Congressman Doughton of North Carolina who carried the bill successfully through the Senate and House of Representatives. They deserve and have the gratitude of all of us for this service to mankind!

ONGE-WEALTHY LORD DIES IN POVERTY

Former English Land Baron Lived in $2.50 Room.

LONDON, Aug. 18 (U, P.).—Lord Haldon, 42, whose family estates once were worth $115000 a year, died today in poverty. Lord Haldon’s father became impoverished through unfortunate investments. He died in 1933. The fourth Lord Haldon, who died today, had lived for the last five years in a front bed-and-sitting room and he said last January that he paid $250 a week for his room out of a total income of $3.70 a week, derived from health insurance. He si that he lived on eggs and

Lawrence Edward Broomfield Palk, fourth baron, was born May 13, 1896. He was unmarried, During the World War he served at Gallipoli and in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The heir to the title is his great uncle, Col. Edward Arthur 84, a son of the first baron.

LA PORTE MILK PRICE REDUCED BY ORDER

WASHINGTON, Aug. 16 (U. PJ). —Agriculture Secretary Wallace today signed an amendment to the milk markeing program for the La Porte County, Indiana, area. The amended order effective Aug. 20, provides a 12-cents-per-hundrad-weight decrease in the minimum price paid producers by handlers.

SEEK SCOTTSBORO PARDONS MONTGOMERY, Ala., Aug. 16 (U, P.).—Representatives of five Negroes convicted of raping two white woms en go hefore a pardon board today seeking executive clemency for the year

inese have

Marines Drive Japs F rom Foreign Zone;

Nazis March Near Belgium and France| 3

Hankow Heavily Bombed; ‘Chiang- Must Fall’ Reaffirmed.

(Continued from Page One)

saved the Settlement from Chinese troops and therefore third powers should “extend their hands in gratitude to Japan,” the newspaper said, A Chinese military spokesman said the Japanese were bottled up in- the upper Yangtze Valley and have only one hope of reaching Hankow, the objective of their anticipated “big push.” The one hope was through Juichang, about 20 miles southwest of Kiukiang, but at that point, according to the spokesman, the Chi“adequate defenses,” The Japanese were expected to attempt to drive westward through Juichang toward the Canton-Han-kow railroad and then move up northeastward along the : line toward the provisional capital. The spokesman asserted that all other’ avenues below Hankow were closed, both north and south of the Yangtze in the general vicinity of Kiukiang, about 135 miles from the capital. He said that the Japanese had been turned back both at Hwangmei, north of the river, and at Shaho, to the south.

New Offensive Reported Chinese press reports said Gen, Chiang Kai-shek’s forces started a general offensive against lost positions east of Juichang, recaptured Pingtingshan, Wangfushan and Tingchiashan, but were forced to turn back in the face of a Japanese poison gas attack. A Chinese Government spokesman in Hankow said he had no knowledge of the pojson gas attack. Chinese reports said guerrilla fighters were causing the Japanese serious trouble in the area between Shanghai and Hangchow. © Guerrillas claimed they had inflicted more than 1500. casualties among the Japanese since the end of July. . "A Chinese spokesman said that 70 per cent of the Japanese troops in the Anking-Hukow sector were suffering from malaria.

U .S. Missions Periled By Hankow Bombs

HANKOW, China, Aug. 16 (U, P). —Eighteen Japanese airplanes bombed the tricity area of Hankow, Hanyang and Wuchang heavily togay. The casualties were believed

Some of the bombs appeared to have fallen in the vicinity of American mission properties.

Japanese Cabinet Reaffirms War Policy

TOKYO, Aug. 16 (U. P.).—The Cabinet adopted a series of fundamental Chinese war policies today including a reaffirmation of its determination fo fight until Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, the Chinese leader, has been crushed. One decision taken was on methods to be used in treating foreign interests throughout China, Details of the decisions were kept | secret; only generalities were announced. Charges and countercharges. of violation of the truce on the Siberian frontier meanwhile delayed frontier negotiations between Japanese and Russian troop come manders, : :

Machines to Fight for U. S., Johnson Says .

(U. P.).—United States

Ydorvian Bishops in Session; Czechs -Act Cautiously In Crisis.

BERLIN, Aug. 16 (U. P.)—The armies of the Reich swelled swiftly to wartime strength today in the | mass greatest summer maneuvers in the history of peacetime Germany. Gray-clad helmeted troops marched along “invisible roads” along the Belgian frontiers. Anti. aircraft batteries fired along the Rhineland facing France. Normal civilian life was obscured by the discipline which is imposed when a pation is at war.

Government spokesmen deprecated descriptions of a test mobilization, but more than one million men were being brought into the field and there was evidence that the highly mobile forces of the Reich were on the march to demonstrate speed. At Cologne in the Rhineland an antiaircraft gun, planted in front of the United States Consulate General on the Kaiser Friedrich Ufer, barked every 20 minutes at the imaginary enemy in the sky. Industrial Parley Called While regulars and reserves sweltered on the fields of action, Nazi

leaders prepared to take up the correlated subjects of raw material production and manpower problems, so closely related to war. Field Marshal Hermann Goering summoned industrial leaders and Nazi Party economic experts to meet tomorrow, It was forecast that important decisions would be taken, inv-lving far reaching changes in the four<year plan of economic self sufficiency of which Marshal Goering is dictator. Antiaircraft defense on the French frontier was the main feature of the maneuvers at Cologne today. The Kaiser Friedrich Ufer faces the Rhine. It is a strategic spot for gun emplacements. Along the Belgian frontiers it was understood the troops used sunken roads. These are built wide enough and deep Snough to permit soldiers and supplies to proceed unseen by an enemy.

Activity Increasing

A hot August sun beat down on marching men and sweating antiaircraft units and artillery engineers. At noon field kitchens served soup, vegetables and black. bread. "he number of men under arms rapidly approached the million mark as new reserves on the second day of the 15-day program. Recruits marched in long columns to harden them for the test of actual fleld maneuvers. Usually well-informed quarters said that tomorrow's economic con ference would discuss measures ine tended to alleviate a shortage of raw

expected chief topic. It was reported that the new method would mean still more rigid Stpetyision. and centralization of distribution of raw ma-~ terials, in order to make the coun. us Tesqurces go as far as possi-

48% Joseph Vuillemin, French Air Force chief of staff, arrived today at the airport at Staaken to repay the visit of Lieut. Gen. Erhard Milch, German air chief of staff,

here today elie t was expected in some quarters Se Taalr ot TpOTtant oeeting the RE .

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich, Aug. 18 "Th armies in

the “next war” will fight wih more machines and less meén, Assistant Secretary of War Louis Johnson de-. clared here last night at the 18th |cas annual national convention of the Disabled American Veterans of the World War, “If a holocaust again should sweep over.our country, we are determined to hold out human losses to a minimum,” he said, “In some countries of the world man is held cheap. Among some people human

noc i tab of ac |g

non oder,

might decide their ae rc eTocs the. onareh and = matters a shilrch was foret’ there would

be om By ary on the Peace question.

Czechs Study dy ‘Crisis; |

Act Cautiously PRAHA, Aug. 18 (U.

FULDA, Germany. Aug. 16 (U. 2. | the Roman Ca

Pot staff; Frantisek Machnik, De-

Josef Kalfus, Firepre.

fense Minister; ‘nance

senting the PBR coalition || parties and a number of high mil- |

itary officers attended.

The Government. attitude toward :

the German maneuvers has been to show calm and fo act cautiously. It was forecast, that any suggestion to

along the German :

Da would be be rejected.

Boys Called to to Defend

Spanish Mercury Mines HENDAYE, Prench-Spanish Frontier, Aug. 16 (U. P.).~—Loyalist civil authorities of Ciudad Real Province appealed to every able bodied man and boy today to defend their homes against two acdvancing Rebel armies,

Gen. Gonzalo Queipo de Llano, garrulous Southern insurgenf come mander, was within striking dis-

tance. His forces reported they had

crossed two parallel mountain ranges .to within 10 miles of Al.

'maden, capital of the world’s rich-

est mercury mining Teglon and Jess than 50 miles from the city of Ciudad Real. Bombing Follows

Jewish Execution

JERUSALEM, Aug. 16 (U. P.)~— Mordecai Schwartz, a Jewish supernumerary policeman, was executed at Acre Jail today for the murder of Mustaphy Khoury, an Arab constable, at Athlit Jan. 20. He was the second Jew in modern history 0 be executed in Palestine. Soon after the execution, a land mine was exploded under a military truck near Acre, killing a British officer and wounding two soldiers.

Mexico to Cut Tariff On U. S. Products

MEXICO CITY, Aug. 168 (U, PJ). —New tariff schedules which increased duties’ nearly 500 per cent on some United States products, will be lowered Sept. 1, it was announced today. They were put into effect in January.

RABBI IS. SENTENCED TO SING SING IN THEFT

NEW YORK, Aug. 16 (U. PP). Rabbi. Zeide M. Schmellner was sentenced today to from three fo six years in Sing Sing on a charge that he stole $20,000 from Bernard Rudolf, an electrical supply dealer. He was accused during the trial of muleiing Jewish ents of the city of a total of ,000, Mary Berd, 38, his secretary, was sentenced to from one fo three years on the same charge,

‘MY ERROR, MISTER, ’ KNIFER TELLS VICTIM

CLEVELAND, Aug. 16 (U. P)~— John Conti, 55-year-old WPA work- = Shought gn that the man who

have | peck 8 a it Stabied more carats, Te

tacked Mr. Conti ny ir fan slashed him several times with a pocket knife, then stepped back and sald: “Sorry, mister, you ain't the

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