Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 July 1938 — Page 14

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The Indianapolis Times

(A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)

ROY W. HOWARD LUDWELL DENNY MARK FERRER President Business Manager

Price in Marion County, 3 cents a copy; delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week.

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Member of United Press, Scripps - Howard Newspaper Alliance, NEA Service, and Audit Buvreau of Circulations. Rlley 5551

SCRIPPS — HOW,

Give light and the People Willi Fina Thefr Own Way

FRIDAY, JULY 8, 1938

TOO EASY EFENDANTS in traffic cases enjoyed a “half holiday yesterday morning in Municipal Court 4.

violation. Fines and costs in 19 other cases, including six on speeding charges, were suspended by the judge pro tem. This extreme show of leniency is surprising and not in line with the policy of the regular Municipal Court judges who, for the most part, are dealing severely with traffic violators. Perhaps the half-day record of a substitute judge should be excused. But it has been satisfactorily demonstrated that the

courts’ co-operation at all times is necessary if the City's |

safety campaign is to succeed.

ANOTHER YEAR OF WAR

S the Sino-Japanese war goes into its second year, the

chief danger to China is the possibility of a split |

among her own leaders.

Ever since the revolution of more than a quarter- | century ago, China has been having trouble with her |

provincial war lords. Some of these fellows were very much on the make. Often they were ignorant, and patriotism on a national scale was unknown to them. As soldiers, they controlled personal armies, often as large as, or larger than, that of the United States. To keep themselves and their armies going, they taxed the inhabitants, squeezed businessmen and foreigners and even printed banknotes and coined monev good only In their own areas. Sometimes, too, they found it profitable to go into partnership with foreign powers. ich was the situation when China's present strong At once

St man, Chiang Kai-shek, appeared on the scene. he began to crack down on that sort of leadership. The he began in the Twenties was helped along, oddly by what the Japanese did in Manchuria in 1931. 12 months of invasion, hatred of The old conception of

ark

enough, And during the past Japan has been unifying the nation. complete local autonomy seems to be on its way out. reported to have found native to play for them in the occupied Rut the chances are they will not stay bought. tes in China

1 Ql

The Japanese are

puppets their game Provinces. Japan may vet discover that her puppet Three vears ago she attempted to set up a e five northern provinces around When the

ne. the native war lords refused to march.

Sta won't pay. Manchukuo in th She was convinced she had it all fixed.

new Peiping. showdown cat The Japanese admit the war may last a decade. It Japan has only some 70,000,000 people. China has Japan lacks both the money and the men to carry on that long. As for China, she requires little money and she has all the manpower she needs. What she must And these, for obvious reasons, she will probably continue to receive from Great Britain, France and Russia if from nowhere else. For China is fighting their war as well as her own.

can't. 100,000,000 plus.

ave. of course, is war materials.

OUR TOWER OF BABEL F someone could phrase a definition which evervbody could agree, it might be possible to classify accurately those two schools of thought to which the President referred in his last fireside talk. Such would be all to the good. Our national problem would be clarified. We could choose up sides, hold the debate, and let the best side win. But the definition, though often attempted, has never been precisely written. And we doubt whether it

of liberalism upon

ever will be.

Mr. Roosevelt himself tried a definition—“When I use |

the word liberal I mean the believer in progressive principles of representative democracy. . . . Roughly speaking the liberal school of thought recognizes that new conditions throughout the world call for new remedies.” But that, like the many thousand previous attempts to define liberalism, Accordingly it is not unnatural that Mr. Landon should counter with: all he has to do is

is still pretty vague. “The President seems to feel that to wave the flag and shout: ‘All the liberals on this side. Every liberal recognizes Every liberal

It is not quite as simple as that, that new conditions call for new remedies, wants a strong, sound government, capable of meeting these new conditions. But we do not want this Government to be constantly edging toward absolutism.” So the dispute about definition goes on. And it is hard, not to say impossible, to be sure about any issue unless you can be sure about the terms. That explains why so many people are for Mr. Roosevelt's motives and against his methods—those he calls the “yes-but” men. # » "= § E think the truth of the matter—ag near as truth can be found in this life—is that we all are battling with a paradox which is the result of those changing conditions

“to which Mr. Roosevelt referred; of the multiplied com-

| Roosevelt's most loyal workers in Congress.

~ plexities of a world grown in 150 years from a simple, |

agrarian civilization where almost complete individualism

could exist, into a machine and payroll civilization, un- ! controllable any longer by the individual, and in which !

government therefore must take more and more of a part. Historically, liberalism was ag’in the Government. It was for less government, not more. But the wheel has turned. Out of new conditions has the liberal of yesteryear been labeled the tory of today. Hence the confusion as to methods and motives and such. About the only conclusion we can suggest is that liberalism isn’t anybody's patent right; that it is not a fixed thing, immutable for all time, but instead very mercurial, and that anyone who tries to freeze it as his own is likely to look pretty ridiculous a few years from now.

Washington

By Raymond Clapper

F. D. R. Realizes Risks of a Purge But Thinks He's Better Politician Than Others Who Lost Such Fights.

(Westbrook Pegler Is on Vacation)

ASHINGTON, July 8.—Even among Democratic politicians who are holding their tongues you

. - aca - i pe we SEYRET Mow ee sal SE A SE av ASIC YR SRN OF aw ~~ cog err pg oes - RE rr i a re a xm

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES Now That the Post Card Seaso

will find underground distrust of Roosevelt's active |

intervention in the party primaries.

across the country which he has started.

Some of them | | are filled with apprehension over the speaking trip |

This feeling is to be found even among some of |

In their

business they have learned tolerance and the art of |

compromise.

Seldom is there an important vote in which all of |

Always the leader of the House or Senate is waited upon by members asking to be A member's district or state may have a special interest which is in conflict with the pending and political suicide for the member involved. case, any House or Senate leader will look the other

to support it might be an act of | In such a |

way, and hold no grudge, knowing that he is going | to lose that member's vote anyway, preferring to yield |

gracefully. » » ” ECAUSE so many of Roosevelt's measures have been unusually controversial, Congressional leaders have had a good deal of difficulty with dissenters. They are not as optimistic as Roosevelt is about the degree of solidarity which the party can achieve with regard tp legislative measures, Senator Barkley, expecting to profit directly by Roosevelt's trip into Kentucky today, has personal 1easons for being sympathetic with the President's purge, but as Senate Democratic leader he has had more than the normal amount of dissension among his Democratic Senators and knows what the difficulties of insisting upon the party line are. Thus a good many Democrats in Congress are, hy their own experience, made dubious of the practicability of such a purge as Roosevelt is now undertaking. And because they represent a co-ordinate branch of the Government, they as legislators are bound to view with some uneasiness any overbalancing of power on the part of the executive. At the climax of the World War, on the eve of the victorious Armistice, Woodrow Wilson called upon the country to elect a Democratic Congress which would uphold his hands and he was rebuked by the election of a Republican Congress. He carried his case for the League of Nations directly to the people and lost it. So there are risks in such a move as Roosevelt is now making. ®t & N the other side 1s the fact that a President. unless he is content to be a cipher, which none has been, must fight for his program. He must take the risk. The President is inescapably a political leader. Presidents differ chiefly in the methods they use and the lengths to which they will go. Roosevelt has gone to an extent not seen since Wilson, who put a candidate against Senator James Reed in Missouri and sought to purge some others. Roosevelt knows predecessors have lost such fights, but he regards himself as a better politician than they were and he is willing to take the risk.

Business By John T. Flynn

Government's Deficit Really Was Half Billion Less Than Computed.

EW YORK, July 8.—Of course all the press reports have announced the Government's deficit It is in the red $1.433.000.000. Of course it is impossible as vet to sav precisely what the real deficit Government bookkeeping 1s a sad institution. Oddly the Administration in its efforts to set up statements in the most favorable light has actually succeeded in achieving the reverse, But there is something about this vefr's record which must not be overlooked. Ostensibly the Government has spent $1,433.000,000 more than it took In In taxes. The rest it had to borrow. But actually this is not so. And the economic effect of this is very important. If you will look at the Treasury's statement you will see that this year the Government collected about $510,000.000 in taxes under the Social Security Act. These taxes came from the payrolls of workers and from their employers ; Having collected them the Government is charged with the duty of administering them. So if you will look down on the expenditures side you will see that the Government apparently spent $387.000.000 of these taxes. But if you will examine this closely you see this was spent on what is called the Oid-Age Reserve Account. Now in fact the Government did not spend this sum by this operation. What it did was to appropriate $387,000000 to the old-age fund. and then with that money the old-age fund purchased $387,000.000 of Government bonds. In fact the Government did not spend it that way: it borrowed it. The money remained in the Treasury

for this vear

was

Quickened Slump

The Government proceeded to spend this money actually thereafter upon its ordinary purposes It did the same with the balance of the haif billion of old-age pension money, but just hasn't gotten around to allocating the rest of it to the old-age account as vet, The importance of this lies in this fact: that in figuring out how much of the Government's expenditures came from taxes and how much from borrowing this half billion which apparently on the face of the Treasury statement came from borrowing, actually came from taxes. So that in order to measure the economic effects of the Government's deficit you have to reduce the deficit by half a billion dollars Actually this is the smallest deficit since 1932. It was the tapering off of the deficit without making the necessary adjustments in our wage and price structure which quickened the onset of the depression,

A Woman's Viewpoint By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

NEVER go shopping without womdering whether women have minds, and if so why they aren't taught to make them up. The modern department store is the exhibition ground for indecision. There they come every morning, armies of women, to assault clothing racks and hover over gewgaw counters. Yet out of the massed multitudes only about one-half of one per cent make a quick selection. We have, let us say, a shipment of purses—original price $5.98, marked down to $2.54. Behind the counter stand three efficient clerks, ready to hand out the purchases, and in front is a milling crowd of de-

{ termined shoppers hoping for a bargain. Under the

| are not to be detected by the naked eve.

It is not inconceivable that, as the John Hamilton of | 1938 placed a wreath on the tomb of Jefferson, some leader

of the conservatives a century hence may be doing the » same thing in memory of Franklin D.«Roosevelt,

microscope there might be found an infinitesimal bit of difference in the items of merchandise, but they Yet as sure as you're born, every customer will insist upon feeling every purse in the pile. For curiosity’'s sake I once kept tab on a single shopper. She picked up and examined 16 bags before dashing off to look somewhere else. I hear that 20 million club members will listen this summer on talks on consumer education. It is hinted that five years of campaigning will be required to get housewives properly steamed up about standards. This is something to shoot at, of course, but as a preliminary effort might it not be well to teach the feminine customer the value of her own and other people’s time. Maybe this habit of ours has something to do with our high divorce rate, Certainly a girl who can’t make up her mind about the shape and color of a clip for her gown can hardly be expected to know what kind of husband she wants.

| already | country and therefore nothing they

| convert

FRIDAY, JULY § 1938

v FROM MY ROOM : HE GRAND CANYO \ HOLE ALONG SIDE. IT.

THE FISHING

n Is on Us!—By Talburt

fF) DEAR FRANKLIN = THIS 1S THE VIEW | GET VERY MORNING 154A RABBIT

You'd BETTER g

SARDINES wiry yo

The Hoosier Forum

I wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.— Voltaire.

| CONCILIATION WITH VANNUYS WILL HURT M'NUTT, IS VIEW By W. Scott Taylor { Itis hard to believe that Paul Mec- | Nutt, if he had been on the ground, would have permitted his advisers to | force the Democrats to | to the threats of VanNuys everywhere encourage the of the President and the New Deal, in the hope that, stamped as MecNutt is with his support of the New

and

Deal, Republicans could thereby be |

induced to vote for him for President, What is gained for McNutt by the policy of converting the Democratic Party into a squirming mass of copperheads and dumbheads in the hope it will automatically ooze back into power by reason of the magic in the word “democrat?” McNutt's advisers think this is a normally Democratic can do will drive progressives Into a third party, because they, too, being dumbheads, are unable to see that when a policy is unanimously praised by the enemy, if is a policy that can be expressed in three words —rift, rout and reaction” that will the next Congress into a disorganized mob. “A smart thing fo do,” says Senator Copperhead Burke. Smart for whom? Not smart for McNutt—his record is stamped with his support of the

New Deal—his strength lies in the |

faith of the people that he will carry it forward. He should leave no doubt in their minds, and in the mind of the President, that he will do so. Forcing a Democratic convention to cater to copperheads will do McNutt no good—they will never vote for him and it only repels those who will. ”

” ”

CITES EDITORIAL ON HOOSIER DEMOCRATIC MOVE By N. Y. The New York Times comments editorially on the Hoosier Democratic harmony move as follows: “Is Senator VanNuys to be forgiven and renominated? After a confabulation of Democratic leaders Governor Townsend, who solemnly excommunicated him in the summer of 1937, has invited him to be a candidate for renomination

‘So far as I am con‘vou will

find it a wide-open convention.’

Other Democratic leaders, including | two potential rivals for the Sena- | torial nomination, echoed the Gov- |

ernor’'s invitation. " Since the dele-

gates were picked and renomination |

was persistently denied, it is hard

to drum up any other cause for this | than that | have |

sudden change of heart the masters of the machine changed their minds. “We must wait for the event. but

it is permissible to note that there |

are substantial reasons for abandoning the policy of reprisal. Mr. VanNuys worked his way up from

precinct captain to State chairman. |

He made speeches all over the State

surrender |

enemies |

Perhaps |

(Times readers are invited | their these columns, religious controversies excluded. Make | your letter short, so all can

to express views in

have a chance. Letters must be signed, but names will be

withheld on request.)

Tom Taggart. ney, State Senator, United States Senator, he has made many friends. | As a gigner of the report of the | Judiciady Committee against Mr. Roosevelt's Court Plan he won | friends among thoughtful Republicans. He is understood to have restrong support of his proposal to run as an independent Democrat. “In a year when not only representatives in Congress but a swarm of minor officials are to be chosen, the bovs vearn for harmony.

ter to lose a little face than to risk losing the whole hide.”

® » SEES REBELLION ENCOURAGED BY ACCEPTANCE OF VANNUYS By W. 8. T. The newspapers that opposing the Democrats

have been

for VanNuys. a habit of taking advice from the enemy forget that the only “ground” for this statement is located under the swivel chairs of anti-Rooseveit editors, and the only thing “swell”

about it is the swell joke it will play |

| on those Democrats who think there are more conservative voters who will approve VanNuyvs’ nomination than progressive voters who will resent it. Why will progressives resent it? Because they know that the presfence of a disrupting the Democratic ticket will be construed as a complete forgiveness of party rebellion which will encourage more rebellion

in the days of Tom Marshall and | Prosecuting Attor- |

ceived from Democrats in his State |

Perhaps the Hoosier Democratic mag- | nificoes have decided that it is bet- |

| truth is simply

| the VanNuys coat-tails than the | Roosevelt coat-tails should remember the words with which similar | “ground swells” were pictured by | Republican editors.

In 1936 they |

| pictured the avalanche that would | bury the Democrats in the following |

manner: New Deal tide against it | the voters New Deal | they will not be

. . . . etc.” There would be no better way to make these words come true than for the Democrats to wreck the

party on the advice of the enemy | and pave the way for another Hard-ing-Coolidge-Hoover era as they did |

in the days of Woodrow Wilson, » SAYS WORKERS SHOULD GET BENEFITS OF MACHINES By J.

= ”

This writer fully agrees with Mrs.

ried women have as much right to a job as other persons. It is the height of folly and ignorance to say that hard times are caused women taking the jobs of men.

Ferguson in her column that mar- |

by | The |

whole trouble is that we believe un- |

employment | the invention of more work. that today,

can only be cured by The

| chinery has come to lift the burden

say that |

| there is an apparent “ground swell” | Democrats who have |

influence on |

and disorganize a!

| party of some real accomplishments. |

{ Democratic candidates who have

FIND A DREAM By KEN HUGHES Today I am restless As water Of a mouritain stream, Coming from heaven To be earthbound In search of another dream!

DAILY THOUGHT That alms may be in

secret; thy Father which seeth himself shall re-

thine and

in secret

/ ; ' more faith in the riding qualities of | | at the Democratic State Convention | — | { on July 12. | cerned,’ says the Governor

| benefits, | “corner”

from the back of labor and to do faster and better what human hands formerly did or could not do at all. With the aid of with our vast resources of raw materials less human exertion is necessary to produce plenty,

ma- |

Gen. Johnson Says—

If the McCoy Report on U. S. Oil Reserves Is Only Half Right It Still Makes Discouraging Reading.

ETHANY BEACH, Del, July 8.—From time to time we have a more or less robust scare about exhaustion of our oil reserves, The first one, I ree member, was during the World War and the confidential figures of some engineers gave the Govern=ment real concern, Since then the surface of the country in most likely areas has been honeycombed with probes. Tremendous improvements in methods of discovery and drilling have been made. Vast new reserves have been brought in. Production has been kept constantly ahead of a marvelously increasing demand, and engineers’ estimates of remaining reserves have steadily increased. At the request of Governor Marland of Oklahoma, an independent petroleum engineer, Alex McCoy, sub=mitted a new and exhaustive study early this year. It was made for the benefit of the Governors of those oil-producing states that are bound in a compact to prorate and conserve production. A copy of it got to Washington and gave this Government new concern, It is based on so much better and more complete information than previous oil exhaustion scares as to suggest a subject that needs debate and discussion.

” ” ”n T fixes the total crude oil reserves, developed and undeveloped, at 13 billion barrels, We have thus far produced in our history 20 billion barrels, and estimatad demand for the next 20 vears is 34 billion bare rels. On these figures, to meet the demand for two decades, we would have to discover, in addition to present reserves, 28 billion barrels of new oil which is the rate of discovery since 1924. But our past vast

exploration has so covered the country that the raie of discovery in the past seven years has declined 50 per cent. The cost of discovery and development is increasing rapidly. If we do not get this discovery we may be out of oil long before 20 years have passed. If there were no new discoveries at all, present re serves would last only until 1941, These conclusions of the McCoy report are alarming. It can’t forsee all developments but if it is only half right, it is still gloomy reading. ” ” NE rosier side of the picture 1s the old operations have left lots of oil in the ground that newer and better methods may go back and recover—by mining oil or by water pressure. Another is the socalled hydrogenation process by which gasoline can be made out of coal. The very drilling operations that have revealed this possible shortage of petroleum have also shown an unsuspected and tremendous reserve of coal, Thus, at the worst, oil exhaustion may not spell catastrophe but it certainly suggests much higher prices for gasoline, and what far-reaching economic effects this might have on a country that practically floats on gasoline would be hard to guess. Compared with the rest of the world we have had a cheap ride for a long time and wasted like water this great na= tional resource—indispensible in either peace or war. The Republic would still stand if we didn’t use a ton or two of steel, rubber, glass and textiles to transport a 125-pound woman 50 or 60 miles a day to beauty shops, bridge parties, movies and hot-dog stands.

lt Seems to Me

By Heywood Broun

Why Not Draw Up List of Suitable Jobs for a President's Relatives?

EW YORK, July 8.—Many hold that the son of a President of the United States should not in the insurance business. But it is held also that a son-in-law should not be in the newspaper business

( and that radio and aviation are pursuits which ought | to be barred to the close relations of a Chief Executive,

machines and |

The |

whole trouble is that those machines |

are owned by a few financial lords. The industries should be owned by all the people and used to produce for all those who helped in the work of production. Then machines will be a blessing indeed. One great corporation in which man, woman and child will own one share,

It is not more work we need, but

the ability for those who labor to get for themselves and families the product of their toil. When the 80 per cent who depend on their labor have the good sense to elect only those who are pledged to the establishment of a system by which all will partake of labor and its we will have turned that around which lurks,

READER WANTS WEEDS CUT P. ST

| By

every |

prosperity |

A year or so ago there was an or- |

ldinance passed wherein

evervone |

had to cut the weeds on vacant lots. | If he failed to do so, a crew of men |

which to

them, for had

would cut

property owner pay three

| ward thee openly.—St. Matthew | dollars or be fined. If I have this

| 6:4, w— O pity distress is but human;

{ |

correct, our neighborhood, which

I hope a crew is sent out in is known

to | as the Bellaire and Montrose addi-

relieve it is Geodlike.—H, Mann. ' tions,

LET'S EXPLORE YOUR MIND

PE HLDREN

FROM SMALL PANILIES WANT TO LEAVE HOME FOR THE ‘BIG WORLD" MORE N THOSE FROM LARGE~ FAMILIES 2

YOUR OPINION

oR 4 DOES \T PAY A NATION T™ OWN COLONIES D

YES NO

ACCORDING to a survey of the youth of Maryland and their problems, by Howard M. Bell, more | than twice as many young people | from large families wanted to leave home as from small families. This contradicts the time-honored tpadition that young people, growihg

By DR. ALBERT EDWARD WIGGAM

COPVAIG EY PBF JONN Bis W CO

up in a “big, happy family,” are more attached to home and mother and father than the poor, lonesome “only child.” y 4 8 ITIS DOUBTFUL. A few financiers make fortunes in the nation’s colonies—usually by using

labor which the home

. cheap native instead of helps market.

each |

injures | labor When you add up the cost |

of the Boer and other South African | Wars—paid for by the English peo- |

ple—certainly the diamond for-

| tunes never repaid the English pub-

lic the cost. The average Italian will be paying for the Ethiopian War for the next hundred years. Yet most nations shout, “We must have colonies for raw materials,”

| and spills its blood for this mythical

asset. It could buy the raw materials from the colonies vastly cheaper in the open market par-

| ticularly if we have intelligent world

trade agreements. The real motive

lis to preserve the national prestige | and to put on a big front.

| time.

un u »

THOMAS F. COLLISON, ~7 has Investigated the

who

“tipping |

evil” in the United States, says that |

we pay $200,000,000 annually in tips

and are the champion tippers of all |

He adds that the women of the

United States give approxi- |

mately $10,000,000 in tips to some |

73,000 persons employed in the 61,000 beauty shops and 4000 combination beauty and barher shops, while the men pay $20,000,000 in tips to the 80,000 barbers who keep the nation’s masculine hair cut and faces shaved.

And so I mildly ask, “What have you?” Before James Roosevelt began selling policies he was study= ing to be a lawyer, The law is an honorable profes= sion, but if young Roosevelt had been admitted to the bar and had begun practice he would hardly have been immune to criticism, And so before any general condemnation sets in I think it might be well for critics to suggest a way out and draw up a list of occupations for Presidential relatives which might be agreed upon as above all possible reproach. This is not an easy task. Perhaps teaching or the ministry would be acceptable, but even then I fear the charge might be brought that parental influence

| had been responsible for the relative’s obtaining the

pulpit or the chair, I am quite ready to agree that insurance is likely to be one of the most embarrassing fields for a young man with strong political connections. But I do main= tain that perfect behavior is practically impossible.

Let Jimmy Speak Further

It may be that the point in the mind of the critics is not so much the occupation as the income, If James Roosevelt had plugged along making $5000 a year as an insurance broker I assume that he would

not have been taken up in the magazines or the news= paper editorials. But I am curious to know the pre= cise income bracket at which “impropriety” enters in, Does the job become all wrong at $7000 or at $70,000? Surely, an additional burden is placed upon a young man beginning a career if he should be constrained to sav to himself, “I must be careful not to do too well at this job or it will be used against my father, the President.” Accordingly, I think that there should be a somewhat more rounded consideration of the case of James Roosevelt before all the bloodhounds are loosed. He is at present in a hospital, and the short statement which he made from there should suffice for the moment. I hope that later he will be heard from at greater length. I think he has that right.

Watching Your Health

By Dr. Morris Fishbein

N 1890 a little more than 2: per cent of the people of the United States were over 65 years of age. It is estimated that today in the United States almost 8 per cent of our people are over 65 years of age. The problems of the care of the aged are quite distinct in their character from the problems of the

care of the normal adult of middle age, or ot the care of the child. True, a good general practitioner knows how to diagnose disease in the aged as well as in the young, but the special problems which concern the aged demand some of the most careful and scientific procedures that have yet been established in medicine. Perhaps most significant in the care of the aged is the fact that the tissues no longer have the power of repair that exists in childhood and in middle age. There are a few diseases to which the aged are especially susceptible. Because of the nature of the tissues of the aged, certain conditions are much more serious for them than they are for the very young. Furthermore, the character of the aged is such that they, more than anyone else, need a physician in whom they have confidence. In these days as the number of the aged has increased there has come to be much discussion of euthanasia. Perhaps many younger people are callous in this discussion, because frequently they hear older people hint that they might be better off if death wou.d come and relieve them of their burden in life. Actually, however, the aged cling to life just as much as do younger people. This is well! Were it not for this desire to live, many an aged person would take to his bed permanently far sooner than is necessary, and by this very action would tend to shorten his life extremely. The interesprof the aged in the affairs of life must be maintaingl