Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 June 1938 — Page 2

PAGE 2

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SATURDAY, JUNE 25, 1938

Text of Roosevelt's Fireside Challenge to ‘Copperhead Defeatists’ and Plea for Liberals

WASHINGTON, June 25 (U. P.).—Following is the text of President Roosevelt's

fireside chat: Our Government, happily, is a democracy. As part of the democratic process, your President is again taking an opportunity to report on the progress of national affairs to the real rulers of this countrv—the voting public. The 75th Congress, elected in November, 1936, on a platform uncomipromisingly liberal, has adjourned there will be no session until the new Congress, to be elected in November, assembles next January. On the one hand, the 75th Congress has left many things undone For example, it refused to provide more business-like machinery for running the executive branch of the Government. The Congress also

failed to meet my suggestion that

t take the far-reaching steps necessary to put the railroads of the country back on their feet

CITES MANY BENEFITS

But, on the other hand, the Congress, striving to carry out the platform on which most of them were elected, achieved more for the future good of the country than any Congress between the end of the world War and the spring of 1933 I mention only the more important of these achievements. It improved still further our ultural laws to give the farmer a er share of the national income, to preserve our soil, to provide an all-weather granary, to help the farm tenant toward independence, to find new uses for farm products, and to begin crop insurance.

agri

2. After many requests on my part the Congress passed a fair labor |

standards act. That act—applying to products in interstate commerce— ends child labor, sets a floor below wages and a ceiling over hours of labor Except perhaps for the Social Security Act, it is the most farsighted program for the benefit of workers ever adopted. Without quesit starts us toward a better standard of living &nd increases purchasing power to buy the products of farm and factory Do not let any calamity-howling executive with an income of $1000 a day, who has been turning his emplovees over to the Government relief rolls in order to preserve his company’s undistributed reserves, tell you—using his stockholders money to pay the postage for his personal opinions—that a wage of $11 a week is going to have a disastrous effect on all Americar industry. Fortunately for business as a whole, and therefore for the nation, that type of executive is a rarity with whom most business executives heartily disagree

tion

BUSINESS STUDIED

3. The Congress has provided a fact-finding commission to find a path through the jungle of“contradictory theories about wise busi-

ness practices—to find the necessary |

facts for any intelligent legislation on monopoly, on price-fixing and on

the relationship between big busi- | Different | from a great part of the world, we in America persist in our belief in|

ness and little business,

individual enterprise and in the profit motive; but we realize we must continually seek improved practices to insure the continuance of reasonable profits, together with scientific progress, individual initiative, opportunities for the little fellow, fair prices, decent wages and continuing employment. 4. The Congress has co-ordinated the supervision of commercial aviation and air mail by establishing a new civil aeronautics authority; and it has placed all postmasters under the Civil Service for the first tims in our history 5. The Congress set up the United States Housing Administration to help finance large-scale clearance and provide low rent housing for the low income groups in our cities And by improving the Federal Housing Act, the Congress made it easier for private capital to build modest homes and low rental dwellings.

WANTS BANKS’ AID

6. The Congress has properly reduced taxes on small corporate enterprises, and has made it easier for the Reconstruction Finance Corp to make credit available to all business. I think the bankers of the country can fairly be expected participate in loans where the Government, through the Reconstruction Finance Corp. offers to take a fair portion of the risk. 7. The Congress has provided additional funds for the Works Progress Administration, the Public Works Administration, the Rural Electfification Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps and other agencies, in order to take care of what we hope is a temporary additional number of unemployed and to encourage production of every kind by private enterprise. All these things together I call our program for the national defense of our economic system. It is a program of balanced action—of moving on all fronts at once in intelligent recognition that all our economic problems, of every group, of every section, are essentially one. 8. Because of increasing armaments in other nations and an international situation which is definitely disturbing to all of us, the Congress has authorized important additions to the national armed defense of our shores and our people.

COURT'S VIEWS CHANGE

On another important subject the |

net result of a struggle in the Congress has been an important victory for -the people of the United States —a lost battle which won a war. You will remember that on Feb. 5, 1937, I sent a message to the Congress dealing with the real need &f Federal Court reforms of several kinds. In one wav or another during the sessions of this Congress, the ends—the real objectives—sought in

the message, have been substantially |

attained. The attitude of the Supreme Court

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Barring unforeseen events, |

to;

| toward constitutional questions | entirely changed. Its recent decisions are eloquent testimony of a

| willingness to collaborate with the]

two other branches of Government | to make democracy work. The Gov-

is | ernment than they have in the past. |

Such cc-operatino on the part of |

both of them will be very welcome to me. Certainly at this stage there should be a united stand on the part

! of both of them to resist wage cuts

! ernment has been granted the right

to protect between private parties | the constitutionality of Federal statutes. and to appeal directly to the Supreme Court in all cases involving the constitutionality of Federal statutes: and no single judge is any longer empowered to suspend a Fed-

its interests in litigation | involving |

| business recovery, and I was

eral statute on his sole judgment as |

to its constitutionality.

PRAISES LIBERALISM

which would further reduce purchasing power. This afternoon—only a few hours ago—I was told that a great steel company announced a reduction in | prices with a view to stimulating told and I was gratified to know that this reduction involved no wage cut. Every encouragement should be given to industry which accepts a

| large volume-high wage policy.

Justices of the Supreme Court may |

now retire at the age of 70 after 10 years’ service; a substantial number of additional judgeships have been created in order to expedite the trial of cases; and greater flexibility has been added to the Federal judicial system by allowing judges to be assigned to congested districts. Another indirect accomplishment

of this Congress has been its re- | sponse to the devotion of the Amer- |

| jan people to a course of sane consistent liberalism. The Congress has understood that under modern conditions government has a continuing responsibility to meet continuing problems, and that government cannot take a holiday of a vear. a month, or even a day just because a few people are tired or frightened bv the inescapable pace of this modern world in which we live. Some of my opponents and some of my associates

have considered |

that I have a mistakenly sentiment- |

al judgment as to the tenacity of purpose and the general level of intelligence of the American people. I am still convinced that the American people, since 1932, continue to insist on two requisites of private enterprise, and the relationship of government to it, The first is complete honesty at the top in looking after the use of other people's money, and in apportioning and paving individual and corporate taxes according to ability to pav. The second is sincere respect for the need of all at the bottom to get work—and through work to get a really fair share of the good things of life, and a chance to save and rise.

ASSAILS DEFEATISM

After the election of 1936 I was told, and the Congress was told, by an ihcreasing number of politically —and worldlv-wise people that 1 should coast along, enjoy an easy presidéncy for four years, and hot take the Democratic platform too seriously. They told me that people were getting weary of reform through political effort and would no longer oppose that small minority which, in spite of its own disastrous leadership in 1929 is always eager to resume its control over the Government of the United States. Never in our lifetime has such a concerted campaign of defeatism been thrown at the heads of the President and Senators and Con- | gressmen as in the case of this 75th Congress. will remember that it was the war between the states, tried | their best to make Lincoln and his Congress give up the fight, let the nation remain split in two and return to peace—peace at any price. Thit Congress has ended on the side of the peoble. American people—and their faith in themselves—have been justified. I congratulate the Congress and the leadership thereof and I congratulate the American people on their own staying power.

| INCOME RISE CITED

One word about our economic sit-

If this is done, it ought to result in conditions which will replace a great part of the Government

spending which the failure of co- |

operation made necessary this year. From March 4, 19233 down, not a single week has passed without =a cry from the opposition “to do

something, to say something, to re- |

store confidence.” There is a very

country, with plenty of ability to | | pick their party candidates.

procure publicity for their views, who

have consistently refused to co-op- |

rate with the mass of the people,

whether things were going well or |

badly, on the ground that they required more concessions to point of view before they would ad-

fidence.”

i | DEMANDED CONFIDENCE

These people demanded ‘“‘restoration and confidence” when banks were closed—and again when the banks were reopened. They demanded ‘restoration of confidence” when hungry were thronging the streets—and again when the hungry people were fed and put to work. They demanded confidence” when droughts hit the

the |

their |

agricultural and social problems that when I use the word liberal, | these principles, or involving a clear that I believe the great majority of | I mean the believer in progressive | misuse of my own name.

you want your own Government to principles of democratic, represen- | the |

in simple | wild man who, in effect, leans in |ence in a state primary merely be- |

keep on trying to solve them, simple frankness and

In |

tative government, and not

Do not misunderstand me. I certainly would not indicate a prefer-

honesty, I need all the help I can |the direction of communism, for cause a candidate, otherwise liberal | get—and I see signs of getting more | that is just as dangerous as fascism. | jn outlook, had conscientiously dif- |

help in the future from many who |

The opposing or

conservative |

fered with me on any single issue.

have fought against progress with | school of thought, as a general | should be far more concerned

tooth and nail.

| URGES ALL TO VOTE

| And now following out this line | of thought, I want to say a few words about the coming political primaries.

Fifty years ago patty nominations | pensions and unemployment insur- proposal to gain that objective. were generally made in conventions ance, or repeal the Securities and call that type of candidate a “yes, |

proposition, does not recognize the need for government itself to step in and take action to meet these

(new problems. It believes that in- get practical needs attended to in| | dividual initiative and private phi- 5 practical way. We all know that

lanthropy will solve them—that we ought to repeal many of the things we have done and go back, for instance, to the old gold standard, or stop all this business of old-age

about the general attitude of a candidate toward present-day problems and his own inward desire to |

progress may be blocked by out-| spoken reactionaries and also by | those: who say “yes” to a progres- | size objective, but who always find some reason to oppose any specific I

—a system typified in the public | Exchange Act, or let moncpolies but” fellow,

imagination by a little group in a smoke-filled room who made out the party slates.

The direct primary was invented

to make the nominating process a | all the candidates, the important |

articulate group of people in this | more democratic one—to give the | question which it seems to me the

party voters themselves a chance to

What I am going to say to you tonight does not relate to the primaries of any particular political party, but to matters of principle in all parties—Democratic, Republican,

i | Farmer-Labor, Progressive, Socialmit having what they called ‘“con-!

ist or any other. Let that be clear-

| ly understood.

It is my hope that everybody affil-

| jated with any party will vote in

people |

“restoration of | al ] {aims as peas in the same pod.

| country—and again now when our |

i automobile

fields are laden with bounteous | vields and excessive crops. They demanded “restoration of confidence” last year when the industry was running three shifts and turning out more cars than the country could buy— and again this year when the industry is trying to get rid of an automobile surplus and has shut down its factories as a result. It is my belief that many of these people who have been crying aloud | for “confidence” are beginning today to realize that that hand has been overplayed, and that they are

now willing to talk co-operation in-

Never before have we | had so many copperheads—and you ! the | copperheads who, in the days of |

My faith in the!

uation. It makes no difference to me | Whether you call it a recession or a { depression. In 1932 the total national |

income of all the people in the country had reached the low point of 38 billion dollars in that year. With each succeeding vear it rose. Last vear, 1937, it had risen to 70 billion dollars — despite definitely worse business and agricultural prices in the last four months of last vear. This vear, 1938 while it 1S too early to do more than give an estimate, we hope that the national income will not fall below 60 billion dollars. We remember also that banking and business and farming are not falling apart like the one-hoss shay, as thev did in the terrible winter of 1932-1033. Last year mistakes were made by the leaders of private enterprise, by the leaders of labor and by the leaders of Government—all three. Last vear the leaders of private enterprise pleaded for a sudden curtailment of public spending, and said they would take up the slack.

But they made the mistake of in- | creasing their inventories too fast |

and setting many too high for their goods to sell.

NEEDED FARM BILL

Some labor leaders

of their prices |

i i i

goaded by |

decades of oppression of labor made i

the mistake of going too far. They were not wise in

using methods |

which frightened many well-wishing |

people. They asked employers no! only to bargain with them but to put up with jurisdictional disputes at the same time. Government too made mistakes—

mistakes of optimism in assuming |

that industry and labor would them- |

selves make no mistakes—and Government made a mistake of timing In not passing a farm bill or a wage | and hour bill last year.

future private enterprise—capital and labor alike—will operate more k intelligently together, and in greater co-operation with their own Gov-

BUSINESS EDUCATION

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As a result of the lessons of all] these mistakes we hope that in the |

stead. It is my belief that the mass of the American people do have confidence in themselves—have confidence in their ability, with the aid of Government, to solve their own problems. It is because vou are not satisfied, and I am not satisfied. with the progress we have made in finally solving our business and

US, LISTS VIENNA IN GERMAN TERRITORY

Power Parley Delegates to! Meet on Aug. 25. |

of co-operation remedies.

record. That makes for a healthy

the opposing parties on day in November. An election cannot give a country a firm sense of direction if it has

| two or more national parties which

merely have different names but are as alike in their principles and

| thrive unchecked—return, in effect,

| to the kind of government we had |in the Twenties.

| Assuming the mental capacity of

| primary voter must ask is this: “To | which of these general schools of | thought does the candidate be- | long?”

QUIZZES CANDIDATES i

{ As President of the United States, Bi am not asking the voters of the country to vote for Démocrats next | November as opposed to Republic-

{in Democratic primaries. As the head of the Democratic

| definitely liberal declaration of | principles set forth in the 1936 Democratic platform, I feel that I have every right to speak in those few instances where there may be

FREE SPEECH RIGHTS

And I am concerned about the

| strikes first admits that his ideas

I hope the liberal candidates will confine themselves to argument and

fail to spot the candidate whose ideas have given out,

not resort to blows. In nine cases out of 10 the speaker or writer who, seeking to influence public opinion, descends from calm argument to unfair blows hurts himself more than his opponent. The Chinese have a story on this —a story based on three or four thousand years of civilization: Two Chinese coolies were arguing heatedly in the midst of a crowd. A stranger expressed surprise that no blows were being struck. His Chinese friend replied: “The man who

at your service.

have given out.” I know that neither in the summer primaries nor in the November elections will the American voters

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N. ILL

attitude of a candidate or his spon- |

sors with respect to the rights of |

American citizens to assemble

peaceably and to express publicly | their views and opinions on impor-

| tant social and economic | There can be no | democracy in any community which

| denies to the individual his free-

issues. | constitutional |

dom to speak and worship as he

wishes. not be dceeived by anyone who attempts to suppress individual lib-

This being a free country with freedom of

between now and election day. By | “blows” I mean misrepresentation, | personal attack and appeals to prej{udice. It would be a lot better, of { course, if campaigns everywhere

| a clear issue between candidates for | could be waged with arguments in-

la Democratic nomination involving

I stead of blows.

The American people will |

Business men value a cash reserve in their business and regularly add to it, even with outstanding indebtedness. This principle is being successfully applied by other families.

WHY NOT YOURS?

<r FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ga Fae )

ER EIR OR Ho i BS

CERI

(ARAN RN

LIBERALISM VIEWS

In the coming primaries in all

| parties, there will be many clashes |

between two schools of thought, generally classified as liberal and conservative. Roughly speaking, the

I liberal school of thought recognizes

that the new conditions throughout the world call for new remedies.

Those of us in America who hold | insist |

of thought, remedies can be adopted and successfully maintained in this country under our present form of government if we use government as an to provide these

this school these new

to that

effort, through democratic processes instead of fascism or communism. We are opposed to the kind of moratorium or reform which. in effect, is reaction itself. Be it clearly understood, however,

uing

mission member, as the American delegation. O. C. Merrill, Washington, D. C., and Brig. Gen. George B. Pillsbury, recently retired assistant chief of Army engineers, will be the other

delegates. The State Department made rep-

resentations to the German Gov- |

ernment that attempts to “nation-

alize” properties held in Germany | | by American citizens, whether Jew- |

WASHINGTON, June 25 (U. P).| ish or not, would be a violation of —The State Department today for | American treaty rights.

the first time formally listed Vien- | na, the former capital of Austria, as being in Germany territory. In an announcement of a sectional conference of the World Power Conference meeting at Vien- | na from Aug. 25 to Sept. 2, the | State Department said the con- | ference would meet “Vienna, Germany.” The United States will participate President Roosevelt has designated John W. Scott, Federal Power Com- |

Mr. Hull said the German Gov- |

ernment had given definite indications it would reply soon to these representations.

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———

Above you see Ernie Pyle,

roving reporter for dianapolis Times, wheel of his car,

The Inat the At right

is Ernie soaking up some rest during his recent va-

cation.

Ernie Pyle, the roving reporter, has packed his bags again after a rest from his travels and has hit the trail in search of in-

teresting things and people to write about in his daily column.

In the last three years Ernie has visited each of the 48 states, many of them several times. He toured Alaska, going far up the Yukon by steamboat and flying to the coast of the Bering Sea. He traversed by auto the new road from Texas to Mexico City, and flew to Guatemala. He toured the Hawaiian Islands, where he spent several days at the famous leper colony on Molokai. He toured Canada, and visited the Quintuplets. - On two occasions he prowled around in Hollywood —you remember his articles on Walt Disney and Snow White. He has gone down in mines and up on glaciers and mountains and dams. He has traveled by foot, by horse, by mule, by auto, by truck, by plane, by ‘train and by steamer to find things of

interest for us stay-at-homes to read about.

Now, refreshed by a rest, he is back on the trail with his

portable typewriter loaded for bear.

Today he writes from Williamsburg, Va., where he says

nobody ever intrudes. Read his column today on Page 7 of

The Indianapolis Times

’