Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 April 1938 — Page 9

agabond From Indiana — Ernie Pyle

Cowboy Who Discovered Carlsbad Caverns Had a Mighty Hard Time Convincing Anyone of Their Beauty.

~ARLSBAD, N. M,, April 16.—Jim White, a cowboy who never even went through the third grade, discovered the Carlsbad Caverns in 1901. : - He not only discovered them, he fully ex-

plored them. He realized the magnificence

that was inside. Convincing the world became a sort of lifetime mania with him. - But We ‘world is so smart, and knows so much,

that Jim White talked and argued |

and begged for more than 20 years before he could get another white man to go into the caverns with him and see for himself. In 1922 a party of 13 Carlsbad businessmen finally consented to go .down. When they came out, the world found out that Jim White wasn’t a liar. The Government took charge in 1923, and the cowboy’s dream began to be realized. For it had apparently“been Jim White’s one simple, unselfish ambition that others should be able to see the wonderful things he had ‘seen. Since 1923

Mr. Pyle

. 2 more than 8 million people have been through the

caverns. It isn’t always that the discoverer gets credits in ‘his lifetime, or reaps any gain. But the Government has been good to Jim White. He is 57 now, still looks like a cowboy, and ‘every visitor to the caverns sees him. For he has a little stand down where the tourists eat lunch. There he sells the booklet that tells his own fascinating story—his discovery, his explorations, and his long, long fight to make somebody believe him. ‘The superintendent of the Caverns National Park is. Col. Thomas Boles.” He walked every foot of the way through the caverns with us. - But that is nothing unusual for Col. Boles. He does it practically every day. He is awfully proud of the caverns. And he likes people. =

‘One Day He Answered 257 Queries

Col. Boles was celebrating an anniversary the day we went through. He was beginning his 12th year as superintendent at Carlsbad. I shot a good many questions at Col. Boles, and he had all the answers. Here are 3 few: Do people with claustrophobia (fear of being hemmed in) ever try to go through the caverns? Yes. But it gets the best of them not far inside, and a Ranger takes them back. About one in 5000 has to leave the cave for that reason. There is no life in the cave except bats and crickets. “The bats do not inhabit the part where visitors go. The crickets apparently have: hopped out of people’s lunch baskets, and are turning white from never being in the sun. The oldest person ever to go through the cave was "a man just past 100. He livéd for three years after his visit. The youngest was a baby 15 days old, carried by its parents on a pillow. " One day Col. Boles put a clicker in his pocket, to count the number of questions asked him. Jt was 257. Each Ranger probably averages as. many.

My Diary By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt “Forced to Turn Down Invitatien To Join Group on Bermuda Trip. ASHINGTON, Friday —The most beautiful Ber-

muda lilies were presented to me yesterday afternoon with an invitation to accompany the Garden

Clubs of America to Bermuda when they visit it this |

spring. I would love to go, but there are many other things which I would love to do, and promised to do, so I have been obliged to call a halt on undertaking any new things this spring. Following the presentation of the lilies by Mrs. - Harry Stack Jr. and her small daughter, I received a ‘series of people. First came a group of railway magazine editors and their wives. Then a number of individuals who were in Washington for one reason or another. One of them presented me with a most interesting memorandum on a homestead project planned and carried out in Rockland County, New York, by Mrs. Ralph Borsodi with the help of a group of- people, among them Chauncey Stillman. It is a small beginning but they have been so successful that they are increasing their acreage and starting a new

homestead. I hope very much that I can go to see it

this summer. Thep came a group of young Democrats from Maryland, and then the National Society of Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America, who always meet here before the Daughters of the American Revolution. hold their meeting, for most of them belong to that organjzation as well.

Addresses Honor Society

In the evening I went to the American University to speak at a meeting held in honor of the members of the honor society, which corresponds for them to Phi Beta Kappa. The audience was composed largely of young people and, after we had finished in the auditorium, we went over to a very charming living room in the girls’ dormitory, where refreshments were served and I had an opportunity to talk to some of the faculty and students. One of the girls asked me if I thought there was a real opportunity to" educate oneself for government service. I do feel there is a constantly increasing interest in public work among young people and they are willing to prepare themselves for the type of work which they want to do. This should increase the efficiency in Civil Service and should make it possible to find very much better people for the administrative and executive jobs in the executive branches of the Government. I still feel, however, that no one who depends upon elections or partisan appointments should make government service the only ‘method of earning a living.

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

TEWARD omgreat liners and pleasure cruises, bus

boy or waiter in hotels and New York speak-

easies, Dave Marlowe tells the things which go on behind the scenes where people dine and dance.

COMING, SIR! (Lippincott) is the autobiography of |

a British waiter who has had an exciting and checkered career. Coming from a seafaring family, he be-

came a waiter on a British liner at the age of 14. |

~ He worked for American steam lines, smuggling liquor on the side, served in London pubs and New York _speakeasies, and sailed as steward on the maiden voy‘age of the Queen Mary. A sensitive person, in spite of his questionable escapades, his observations are pointed and enlightening.

ss =» =

7 OME people are born to end up with a knife in their backs,” was Timothy Trent's remark as he gazed down at Mrs. Van Heuton; yet it didn’t make sense, for the murderee was of impeccable family, -in - the inper circle of ultra-smart society, and the owner of the successful “Literary Advice Bureau.” However, as Mr. Trent pursued his investigation in DEATH FOR DEAR CLARA (Simon), by Q. Patrick, he uncovered many clues and found at least nine suspects upon whom to pin the crime. Four glamorous ladies, each fully equipped with a gun, had visited Clara the ag ietnoon; of her death. A wealthy Ohio sportsman b consulted. her “concerning literary matters.” ief henchman had arrived and departed ee . a sizable check, and several other “clients” had. appeared unexpectedly. ° These visits, when fied up with easily identified : ts on the lethal weapon, a secret entrance to the office, the opening sentence of a new will, and the remnants of some very bad manuscripts, made things too much of a good thing, not only for dear Clara, but for the police. Mr. Patrick's sleuth of course makes a-brilliant solution of the mystery and

ererziocy is a are the, whole thing” as the |

Second Section

SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1938

Ente

Second-Class Matter at. red as Sec _ Indianapolis, Ind.

PAGE 9

( Contained in an authorized advance publication of his notes and comments to “The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt”) Article No. 22

On the Indians

(Least publicized of all New Deal activities has been its program of rehabilitation for the Indians. Their condition had been in a progressive state of decline for many years, and the depression made matters worse. Meanwhile, successive steps looking toward the better- . ment of rural America had passed the Red Man by. : It is particularly appropriate that this seldom-told story of Indian sufferings and White maltfeatment should be told in President Roosevelt's own words. The following is from the note he appends in his 1935 volume of “Public Papers and Addresses” to his message urging passage of the Wheeler-Howard Bill.)

# » s

N its early history, the United States recognized various Indian tribes as quasi-sovereign nations in making land treaties with them. , As our frontier moved westward, treaties were continuously made with the respective tribes for the cession of their lands to the United States. “The first treaty with Indians was with the Delawares, Sept. 2, 1778. The practice soon developed that when a

cession of claimed territory

States, a certain area in exchange would be set aside and reserved exclusively for Indian use. This ws the beginning of the reservation system.

By 1840, the Indians. had sur-

rendered practically all the territory east of the Mississippi. Historically: the procedure of Indian land liquidation was practically always the same; a cession would be made and a reservation. set aside; almost: immediately thereafter the reservation would begin to be progressively diminished and many of: them completely. extinguished. The tribes were reduced to a condition where they were constantly on the move from one home to another, and always in a westward direction. The armed: conflicts between Indians ‘and white. men after the Civil War’ show the - precarious

* economic position into which the . Indians had finally been forced.

When the last great herds of buffalo were wiped out altogether, the chief means of livelihood for the Plains tribes was gone, and the Government was Jriven to the necessity of actually rationing the Indians, a practice which of course had a permanently deteriorating effect upon the Indian character.

By 1871 the Congress felt that.

the Indians were so impotent that it enacted a statute providing that no further treaties would be negotiated with any tribes as an independent nation, and thereafter the Indians were dealt with simply by administrative action or by act of the Congress. However, the Federal Government has not undertaken actually to support -ablesbodied members of the Indian‘racial group or their dependents. The general impression to the contrary is wholly -erroneous, After the Congress had determined that no further treaties would be negotiated, the number Jr reservations naturally increased.

Until March 4, 1933, the founda-

tion of Indian law and policy had ‘been the General Allotment Act of 1887. This statute provided in effect that every Indian would be given a piece of his reservation for himself’ individually in fee simple, with all the property rights and responsibilities’ of a white man with respect to that parcel. In order not to make the transition to private ownership and responsibility too abrupt, it was provided that for 25 years the Indian would own his land only in trust, with the Government as guardian. During this period he did not have to pay taxes; but he could not sell his land without the Government’s consent. After the expiration of the 25 years, he received a free patent and his ownership became as complete and

_ unlimited as any white man’s,

Loss of Land

Between the date of the General Allotment Act and the date of the beginning of. “Administration, the amount of land owned by Indians had shrunk from 136,000,000 to less than 50,000,000 acres.

The principal methods: by which '

the Indians were thus: separated from . approximately ° 86,000,000 acres of land in" 47 years were as follows: L After each individual of the

was made to the United

tribe obtained his allotment the remaining land would be ceded away at so much per acre. At least 38,000,000 acres of land were disposed of in this way. 2. The practice had grown up to throw open the surplus land to settlement by white people. At least 22,000,000 acres of land were thus lost. 3. Removal of sale restrictions at the end of the 25-year trust period encouraged Indians improvidently to dispose of their land. Another 23,000,000 acres of land were thus lost. 4. The Act of March 7, 1902, permitted the Secretary of the Interior to authorize heirs to sell their lands instead of partitioning them physically; and another

Act of March 1, 1907, permitted

the Secretary to authorize the original allottees to dispose of their lands. Under these two statutes a

total of 3,370,000 acres of the best °

Indian land was alienated. - Furthermore, the development of a system whereby Indians would lease their alloted lands to white people for farming or grazing diverted huge’ acreages to white use rather than Indian use. Inadequate capital and lack of agricultural education of the Indians totally handicapped them from using ‘effectively. the lands which they owned, and encouraged them to lease the lands away.

Of these 50,000,000 acres of land - which were left to the Indians,

20,000,000 were sterile desert or semidesert lands, and 7,000,000 were tied up in an heirship status so complicated that little direct use could be made of the land by heirs. Approximately 100,000 Indians were completely landless. In addition to lack of material security, the ‘tribal life of the Indian was ‘rapidly disintegrating. Native religions, native languages, native ways of life were being discouraged. Education was pointed chiefly toward technological employment and white-coflar jobs —chiefly in the city. The Indian Service itself, as the result of Government policy and of Civil Service limitations, was run almost = entirely by whites rather than by Indians.

Salvage Program Begun

“To deal with the many problems which the Indian presented in addition to the general depression

‘problems, my Administration be-

gan very early the construction of a program seeking to salvage both Indian property and Indian morale. Our program was begun in con-

ference with the Indians them-

selves. This was the first time in the history of the Government treatment of Indians since the discontinuance of treaties that the Indians themselves were ' ever really consulted about Indian policy. A series of nine regional conferences were held throughout the various states where the Indian population was greatest. From this expression of Indian opinion was evolved the program which was originally written ‘into the Wheeler-Howard Bill. Although many amendments were inserted in it, the bill was eventually enacted into law and approved June 18, 1934, as the Indian Reorganization Act. The statute seeks to protect the remaining lands of the Indians, both individually and tribally. It prohibits the further allotment of

"Two chiefs from the Water ‘Buster clan of the Gro$ Ventres Indians of North Dakota visit the Great White Father in Washington, » Left, . Chief

Ny any land of any reservation. Instead, title - is to remain in the United States in trust for the tribe, which itself is to assign the land for the use and occupancy

“ of its members who are without, land.

Existing trust periods upon any Indian lands are automatically extended until otherwise directed by the Congress; this provision removes the necessity for tribes to pay lawyers of lobbying delegations to obtain extensions of trust periods. (Editor’s Note—Other provi= sions made it impossible to sell the land or shares in_the tribal corporation to persons outside the tribe, and authorized appropriation of $2,000,000 annually to purchase additional land for

Indians. A revolving fund of

$10,000,000 was also set up for lending money to Indians as

capital for farming or industrial

enterprises.)

Sell.Goyerament Specific authority is given in

the statute to Indian tribes to

organize for the promotion of the

common welfare of their mem-

bers and to exercise existing and new powers of self-government. The Indian Reorganization Act was made applicable to all In-

dian tribes unless a tribe spe-.

cifically voted to: exclude itself from the Act, Elections were held for this purpose, and 181 reserva=tions with a total of 133,000 Indians voted to adopt the provisions of the Act. By later additions through later Congressional action the total was raised to 242,211 Indians. Between 1933 and 1937, -Indian holdings have increased by about 2,744,000 acres. Efforts have been exercised by the Extension Division to build up the Indians’

Side Glances—By Clark

: Sonne mer. Res, us. BAY. OFF,

“Oh, hello, Jack, dear. No, Im not doing a Hirigi=jusk sitting ere alone, thinking. of;

Senator Wheeler (D. Mont.) (left) and former - Rep. Edgar Howard (D. Neb.) were authors of the bill which eventually was enacted info iaw and approved by the President June 18, 1934, as the Indian

" agricultural economy. habilitation program has been of

3

livestock industry and Indians are being encouraged and induced to return to farming and sheep breeding. The new activities of the Ir-

-rigation Division have been direc- : “ted into small subsistence proj-

ects of from two to 10 acres each

- for community operation. As a

result, the Indians’ use of their own land is rapidly increasing. Civilian - Conservation A Corps work was particularly helpful on Indian reservations in: providing wage work where relief was des-

perately needed; but it was also

important in making possible systematic conservation and building

“up of reservation’ resources. :

' Rehabilitation

Early in the Administration a partial survey of the housing and economic conditions of Indians, preparatory to commencing a program of rehabilitation, showed the desperate straits into which they had fallen. Many of them were without land or other means of support and their housing con-

ditions did not meet any reason-

able standards of space or sanitation.

The problem of rehabilitation

for these people was complicated by the fact that their only hope for survival was in developing an The re-

the utmost importance in restoring lost initiative and morale and in improving conditions of family

and community living. The pol- .

icy of education of children has changed. The educational program has been broadened and

liberalized, and general vocational.

education is being emphasized. Encouragement has beer given

. to the development of Indian arts

and crafts by establishment of

. the Indian Arts and Crafts Board

Jasper—By Frank Owen

F. D.R.'s Own Story of Tie New Deal

Foolish Bear, 84; center, Chief Drags Wolf, 75, and . right, Arthur Mandan, interpreter, Indian rehabilitation, was one of the many New Deal concerns.

Reorganization Act. The statute was designed to protect the Indians’ remaining land and prohibited the further allotment of land of any reservation. John Collier (right) is the present Indian Commissioner. -

charged with seeking markets for products of Indian handiwork. Indian lands now include ap-

‘| proximately 82,7700 square miles,

or more than the combined greas of Kentucky and Tennessee. The

Indian population . is approxi- .

mately equal to that of the state of Vermont and is three times the population of Nevada.

Copyris] ht 1938; Sapient under Interional Cop yigh on: all rights aor un Sor Jler-Amelican Copyright Union (1910) > Franklin D. Roosevelt: distributed y United Feature Syndicate; Inc.

President Roosevelt's

- Comments Next Week

Both domestic ‘and foreign affairs are topics for comment in President Roosevelt's own story of the New Deal next week.

« First of the President’s subjects | concerning national interests will | "be his consideration, on Monday,

‘April 18, of the circumstances of

| the Army’s temporary handling of | the -air-mdil services. The President explains the reasons for this | step on the part of the Adminis-

tration, and for the subsequent re turn of the air-mail. to private aviation® enterprises, Labor and the means pursued to

protect, it form the topic of. the article on Tuesday,

President’s April 1 19. Beginning Wednesday, the President turns to a discus-

sion of our relationships with’ “neighbor nations in the Americas.

Two more articles upon Monday and Tuesday the following week, will conclude the President's series. These two will comprise a discussion. of the Social Security Act, in regard to both unemploymen{ compensation and old-age allowances; and a review of his first Administration, together with an evaluation of the part it played in his re-election. a

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—In which country is the sea= port city of Cherbourg? 2—Who won the 1938 North and South Women’s Golf championship, ‘ recently played at Pinehurst, N. C.? 3—Between which two cities was . the first telegraph message’ sent? 3 4—If two children are born of . the same mother a day apart are they twins? 5—White state is called the “Apache State?” : 6—Where is the native ‘habitat .of the chimpanzee? - 2 7—Which state is represented in ~. Congress by Senator Fred H. Brown? : ® = =» ‘Answers

1—France. . \ 2—Jane Cothran. ! 3—Washington, D. C. ‘and. Baltimore, Md. 4—Yes.. Bog 5—Arizona. : 6—Equatorial Africa.

; =New Hampshire.

ASK THE TIMES Inclose a 3-cent stamp for.

“ reply when addressing any question. of fast hs |

" one occasion in the Seventies a local

April 20,

. other city. If it ish understanding with your futirg vite and decide on a

By Anton Scherrer

What! "You Don't Recall the First Professional Ball Game Here When The Cincinnati Reds Walloped Us?

LMOST everything I know about profese sional baseball is what I picked up listening to Emil Fertig, possibly the best ine

| formed fan Indianapolis ever had—or ever

will have, for that matter.

According to the memoirs left by Mr. Fertig, Indianapolis was treated to its first game of professional baseball in 1869 when the Cincinnati Reds showed up and licked a local scrub-team hastily,

put together for the occasion. The game was played in a corn field. From here, the Reds went all the way to San Francisco defeating every team they met. Indeed, it

| wasn’t until the summer of 1870

. that the Reds knew what it meant to get licked. After that, they got licked often enough. Even Indianapolis licked them for I remember Mr. Fertig saying that on Mr. Scherrer team of amateurs with Aquilla Jones. as pitcher and his brother Ben as catcher went “to Cincinnati and gave the. Reds the drubbing of their life. It wasn’t until 1885, however, that we had a real-for-sure ball club—at any rate, one that could-devote its whole time to the game. That was the team that had “the only Nolan,” the greatest pitcher of his day. Silver Flint was the other half of the battery,’and he handled ‘em with his bare hands. As for masks and

shin guards, they weren’t heard of. I remember, too,

that Mr. Fertig was pretty positive that Silver Flint wouldn’t have used a mask had there been one on the market to use. The Nolan-Flint outfit played. their games on the northeast corner of South and Delaware Sts. The diamond looked just the way any ball field does today. Maybe you don’t know it, but the fixture of bases and the distances between bases hasn't changed

- one inch since Col. Abner Doubleday invented the

‘game in 1839. Shortly after that, for some. reason, the ball park was moved from the heart of town to a place way out in the country where the Methodist Hospital now is. By. this time, the Indianapolis’ Club belonged to the National League, and it’s something to bring up when folks start talking big about the wonders of modern Indianapolis,

Talk About Your Murderers’ Row

By this time, too, the Indianapolis Club belonged to John T. Brush. He ended up owning the New York Giants, and I guess the reason he made a success of the Giants was because of his apprenticeship in Indianapolis. Anyway, the old Indianapolis team was the greatest bunch ever signed up to represent a town. To this day, I remember their names. Why, I even remember the batting order: Glasscock (ss), Seery (If), Denny (3b), Shomberg (1b), Bassett (2b), Moffett (rf), Myers (cf), Buckley (c), and, of course, the pitcher. Boyle was the pitcher to put your money Q After that, the ball park moved to Market and Oriental Sts. A tall, lanky fellow by the name of Motz (1b) was the captain at that time. Then came

'|"the Hogriever days when an outfielder by that

name was the star. The ball park had moved again —this time to Wash n and Gray Sts. In 1904, it ‘was at the other end of town on W. Washington St. opposite the car barns. Those were the Ownie Bush (ss) days—Rube Marquard (p) too—and they were something to brag about. I hope you can find the ball park today without my telling you. :

| Jane Jordan—

Tells Young Man to Seek Home Away

From His Own or Fiancee's Parents.

EAR JANE JORDAN—I think. that I am very much in love with a girl of foreign nationality

and we are engaged to be married. My parents are

wealthy and they are not happy about my choice. I have always been very sensitive. I suppose you would say that.I have an inferiority complex, due to an illness which left me with an impediment in my, speech. I don’t want to give the impression that I am a snob, but we intend to live in the same ‘city with her parents and family. Their ways and ‘manners are so different, and they are so possessive ‘that I fear it will make trouble later on. Do you think this is a serious problem or will I change my mind and get used to their ways which irritate me s0 much now? : WORRIED.

. Answer—Must you live in the same city with your in-laws? It is always an advantage for a young cou=ple to start their married life alone no matter what the nationality of their parents may be. Foreigners are not the only ones who are possessive toward their children although they are more forthright in their attitude than the average American.

When a young man has felt the pull of the silver

“cord himself he will resent his in-laws’ attempt to

-control. himself and his wife even more than the

youth who has been intelligently freed by his parents. Many times he marrie get his neck out of one noose only to find it h by another. I imagine it is the possessiveness of your flancee’s parents which irritates. you far more than their foreign manners and customs. Doubtless your own parents’ disapproval of

_ your choice annoys you more than you think, and it

is partly their influence on you against which you struggle. Escape from Wem all if you can and live in some possible, try to come to a clear ‘policy. In coming to this Tne standing, be fair, s EAR JANE JORDAN: am’ a girl of 19. -I have a girl friend whose friendship I cherish very much. Now she has a steady boy friend and: I don't go with ‘anybody; therefore we don’t get ‘to be to gether as much as I like. I think I could get to see her more if I went with boy friends, too, but I don’t know -how to get started. I am very much interested

- in, all kinds of sports and church work and would like

to find a boy who cares for them also. I like boy friends, but how can I find the kind I want? DISCOURAGED.

AnsweraThe way you u state your problems makes it sound as if you were more interested in winning your girl hig yapproval than in winning the ape proval of the bo

Think less of i girl friend and more of the boys - you meet.

If you are genuinely interested in them, in time you’ll find one who will reward you with a corresponding interest in yourself. JANE JORDAN.

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan, whe wild answer your questions in this column daily. ‘

Bob Burns Says—

'OLLYWOOD, April 16.—The greatest healer in , the world is sunshine and it’s absolutely free except that rich people havta pay a doctor a big price for tellin’ 'em to get out in it. I don’t know what doctors would do if they didn’t have the good. old: Sune

shine to fall. back on.

When my uncle down

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