Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 April 1938 — Page 45

- ee.

Vagabon From Indiana— Ernie Pyle

Capt. Hughes, Former Texas Ranger, Is One of El Paso's Institutions; ‘His Six-Shooter Is Still

L PASO, Tex., April 8.—Capt. John R. Hughes is probably’ the best-known man in El Paso. He is an institution, like the Fourth of July or the Rio Grande River. And Capt. Hughes, being 83 and otherwise

unoccupied, loves it. "El Paso rings him in on all its main events. They dress him up in a movie cowboy uniform and he leads the annual Sun Carnival parade, riding a spot- ~ ted horse. A huge oil portrait of him hangs in the coffee shop of the Paso del Norte Hotel. There are other portraits of him around town. He is frequently the honor guest at meetings. They take his picture with Mrs. Roosevelt when she cemes to town. The papers always have a story on his birthday. He is an El Paso institution, all right. And why is he? Because he is the most colorful, and almost the oldest, of the once-great Texas Mr. Pyle Rangers now living. He represents the brave, straight-shcoting, hardfighting, law-of-the-old-West: which now is gone. Capt. Hughes is as spry as a cricket. ,(He hears perfectly, sees well, walks miles around town every day, thinks straight, has a grand sense of humor,

drives his own car, and thousands of people speak

to him on the street. He is a big, impressive-looking man. He wears a big black hat, and a pair of pants he bought before he left the Ranger service 23 years ago. He has a round gray beard, wears a black leather bow-tie, and is very neat. He has never married. He retired from the Ranger service in 1915. He has just enough income to live the simple, ent life he wants to live. Capt. Hughes was born in Illinois. His folks moved to Oklahoma Territory ‘when he was 12. And when he was 13 he rode away on his own—a grown man. He worked as a cowboy, and lived with the Indians as a trader’s agent.

Served for 28 Years

He was in the Ranger Service from 1887 to 1915— 28 years, and 22 years of that he was a captain. He fought Indians, Mexicans, and white cattle thieves all over Texas. I asked if he had ever had to kill a man. He said: “Yes, but I don’t like to name names. You know the worst part about a criminal is that he always has relatives who are good people.” Capt. Hughes said he had killed just one man. But they tell me around El Paso he has killed a good many. Capt. Hughes took one of his old Colt six-shooters out of a suitcase and handed it to me. It had a beautiful pearl handle, with an eagle carved on one side. I looked at it and pointed it and swung it around, and then suddenly realized the thing was loaded. I quickly laid it down and said: “Gee whiz, the thing's loaded.” And Capt. Hughes said: “You bet it is. There's no sense in having a gun that isn’t loaded.” He doesn’t carry a gun around El Paso but does take it along on his auto trips, : He hasn’t shot it for five

TREK og

My Diary By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Storm Causes First Lady to Miss

Dinner and WPA Play in New York:

N= YORK, Thursday—At 4 o'clock yesterday

afternoon, while I sat under one of those modern instruments of torture, a hair-drying machine, word came to me that there was a snowstorm between Camden and Newark and that I would probably not be able to travel by plane and, if I did, would certainly

. be landed at Camden. What weather for April 6 and

it still looks and feels like winter!

My hopes of going to the WPA play, “Prolog to

Glory,” began to fade. At 4:30, my brother “telephoned to say that it was snowing hard in New York

" City. I called up my friend and told her to find

someone else with whom to eat the dinner I had ordered and enjoy the play.

I stayed at my desk in Washington until it was time to leave for the 6 o'clock train. When I went into the diner, I found the gentleman who had secured my seats for the play, looking perfectly astonished to see me. I feel sure he wondered if I was in the habit of asking for seats for a play and then not using them, There were a good many young boys and girls with us on the train and I was much interested in listening to their voices. One of them had a deep contralto which rang through the whole car when she spoke and 1t literally made you turn around.

Young faces are interesting, like a clean sheet of

- paper waiting for what may be written. One of these . youngsters had an eager face, broad high brow, a

generous mouth ard a really lovely line" from her chin to her ear. I will wager that in her life there will Pe no meanness or pettiness, though there might be

- much suffering, for I am sure she has the capacity

to give and that often leads one into situations either of great doy. or great SOTTOW.

Shops for ‘Spring Clothes

My brother met me at the train and we had a few minutes: together in my sitting room before he. left for the midnight to Washington. Between us we certainly cover a lot of -territory and I often

wonder that we manage to meet as often as we do. -

I breakfasted with two friends this morning and went up to see my mother-in-law and half sister-in-law, who is staying with her. Then quite frivolously, I went shopping for spring and summer clothes.

You can have hats this spring apparently of any shape or kind that you desire, from a turned-up

wide brimmed sailor, to a little three-cornered af-

fair which looks gs though it were about to fall off one ear. I learntd long ago I could not be extreme in any direction. You must be very young or very beautiful to be really daring in the clothes you wear.

It is important to be enough in fashion, but you must keep to a style of your own if you are to gat ‘by inconspicuously enough to have people forget how you look.

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

HEN he was less than 22 years old, Rene Belbenoit found himself on the way to Devil's Island, the French penal colony, under a sentence of eight years’ hard labor—one of 450 prisoners sailing from France to enter that lurid. world across the sea, to combat or adjust themselves to, as well as they might, the bestiality, the corruption, the heartlessness tat characterized the prisoners and their keepers e.

‘Rene Belbenoit grew ill, suffered, attempted—unsuccessfully—four times—to escape, and lived through it. Successful in his fifth attempt, he, with five other fugitives, starved and half drowned, at length reached the island of Trinidad, where they might count upon friendly aid from the British. Of the six, only Belbenoit remained at liberty to reach, after 22 months, the haven of the United States, where at last he might be free from the horrible dread of being recaptured and sent back to Devil's Island. For 22 months he had fought desperately and single-mindedly for life— fought the terrors of wind and waves, of the Central American’ jungles, of the police in those countries

. which might turn him over to French justice.

111, emaciated, he carried with-him, wrapped in oilskin, a manuscript weighing 30 pounds—the story,

“written while he was a prison r, of Devil's Island and

PY GOILLG: It is this narrative which we find in

Loaded.

independ-

FRIDAY; APRIL 8, 1938

's Own Story of fhe | lew

( Contained in an ‘authorized advance publication of his notes and’ comments. to “The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin. D. Roosevelt”) Article No. 15

On The AAA (1)

(Editor's Note—The AAA, quickly organized and put into effect early in the New Deal, as described in previous articles, functioned

on a vast scale for three years.

But in January, aa g

sweeping

Supreme Court decision made the huge structure suddénl Following is President Roosevelt’s comment on this dramatic

"climax in the story of farm relief, written by himself in his “Public

Papers and Addresses,” and never before published.)

2 8 8

Y the end of 1935 the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, pursuant to the original act, the subsequent amendments to it, and related legislation; was following

five principal methods for the adjustment of agricultural - These variations provided the flexibility required

Crops.

in the program for different products and different situ-

ations.

The various methods were: (1) Voluntary reduction by agreement between the Secretary of Agriculture and individual farmers, (2) marketing agreements, (3) surplus removal and market expansion, (4) tax programs for com-

pulsory control such, as the Bankhead Cotton Act, and the Kerr Tobacco Act, (5) holding reserve supply of certain food, feed and fiber crops as protection from

extreme price fluctuations. During this three-year period, AAA had made 8,400,000 produc-

| tion adjustment contracts involv-

ing about 19,400,000 separate payments to farmers, and had disbursed about one and a half billion dollars.

In 1932 approximately 205,600,000 acres were producing commodities to. which crop-adjustment programs were later applied. By 1935 these had been reduced to 180,129,000 acres, and of this acreage 150,543,000 acres were covered by production adjustment contracts.

The acreage “rented” by the Government on which farm production was shifted by the program during its three years of operation was covered by 1,626,000 contracts in 1933, 3,105,000 in 1934, and 3,400,000 in 1935.

Program Self-Supporting

The program was practically self-supporting. “The total expenditures in anticipation of proc‘essing taxes were $1,233,435,000.

Believes: AAA Did Rescue Farming

A Comment of President Roosevelt. . From His Forthcoming Books.

The benefits to the United States from the AAA programs, which were declared in large part. unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court, were felt throughout - the land almost from the beginning _ of the programs. In my message of March 16, 1933, I stated that a new means would have to be found to rescue agriculture. I do not think that it is an exaggeration to say that the means adopted did rescue agriculture. During the three years between 1932-35 the contribution of agriculture to the national income rose from 5.7 per cent to 10.3 per cent, equaling the percentage of 1929. Cash farm income rose from its low . point of $4,377,000,000 in 1932 to $7,201,000,000. It is true that this gain was offset in part by an increase in prices of things farmers had to buy. Allowing, however, for an increase of 17 per cent in prices farmers paid for all products used by them both in living and in production of crops, the purchasing power of cash income from farm production was still 41 per cent greater in 1935 than in 1932.

The taxes actually collected fell short of that figure by about $296,000,000, which was the amount held up by court injunctions obtained by processors against the payment of the tax. Had all of the taxes which had

been assessed, $1,219,461,000, been

paid, the collections would have fallen short of expenditures by only $14,000,000. Allowing for the lag between assessments and collections, it seems that the expenditures would have heen fully repaid by tax collections. As the program developed, farm leaders and farmers played a progressively important part in policy and in administration. Approximately 4600 county control associations were formed for most of the basic commodities for which voluntary adjustment plans were developed.

Vote for AAA

In addition to these local associations, six direct ' referenda were taken in 1934 and 1935 among farmers of five of the basic commodities—wheat, cotton, tobacco, corn and hogs. Votes were cast in

these referenda by nonsigners as’ well as signers of adjustment con-

tracts. The vote for continuance of production-control measures for the various commodities ranged from 67 per cent to more than 95 per cent. The total vote in these referenda was 4,288,510, of which 3,707,642 votes were in favor of continuance. As far back as late 1934 and early 1935, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration began to

plan ga transition from the tem-

porary emergency phase of the adjustment programs to a long-time

phase, which would give a larger

place to soil conservation and improved farm management practice. That policy was discussed by me in a speech on Oct. 25, 1935. It had been the subject of discussions over many months with representatives of farmers, with agricultural colleges and with extension workers in a series of regional conferences in 1935.

AAA Unconstitutional -

On Jan. 6, 1936, the United States Supreme Court in the case of United States vs. Butler, et al,

- receivers of Hoosac Mills Corp,

declared unconstitutional the production control activities carried on by means of contracts and processing tax provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, and brought the farmers’ program as it was then operating to a stop. Amendments had been made to the Agricultural Adjustment Act on Aug. 24, 1935, intended, among other things, to ‘safeguard the act so far as possible against attacks based on the case of Schechter Poultry Corp. Vs. United States, which on May 27, 1935, struck down the code-mak-ing provisions of NIRA as unconstitutional. They sought to: do’ this: by bringing .more clearly under the power to regulate interstate commerce the various provisions of the act and by. providing more specific standards for administrative action. The amendments, with these ends in view, defined, specified and limited in great detail the authority which had been delegated by the Congress to the Sec-

Heavy blow that brought an end to the Agricultural Adjustment Act was the Supreme Court’s decision that it was unconstitutional. group of New Dealers who conferred with Presi-

right: Above, a

The Supreme Court which declared the New Deal's AAA unconstitutional in a decision handed down Jan. 6, 1936, is pictured here.

retary of Agriculture, so that it could not be said, pursuant to the Schechter decision,

The Secretary was directed, rather

. than authorized, to put into ef-

fect certain specified corrective measures ‘and was permitted to use his. discretion only in the

choice of the corrective measures _

specified by the Congress. References to interstate commerce were redefined, and operation of the act was sought to be ‘brought rigorously within the limits of the interstate commerce clause. The marketing agréeient provisions of the amended statute were. different from the original Agricultural Adjustment Act. The broad and general powers which had been granted to the Secre-

tary of Agriculture under the:

original act were limited. Changes Fail to Help

There were a number of additional strengthening and clarify-

ing provisions inserted in this

new statute which had no rela--tionship to any judicial controversy as to its constitutionality. The changes, however, were held by the Supreme Courf of the United States, in Rickert

Rice Mills, Inc., vs. Fontenot, not

to have cured ‘the infirmities: of the original Acf which were the basis of the decision in U. S. vs. Butler,” which’ declared the original Act unconstitutional. The later decision stated that “the exaction still lacks the quality of a true tax” and that ‘it remains -a means for effectuating the regulation of agricultural production, a matter not within the powers of Congress.” Instead of terminating the farmers’

preme Court in the Hoosac Mills case had the eftect of hastening - the transition from the e emergency

that there. had been an unconstitutional delegation of legislative powers.

The Justices Reynolds.

phase to the long-time phase which had been planned. The decision, when it came, precipitated as a sudden change that which had been ‘planned as a gradual one. For on Feb. 29, 1936—less than ‘two months after the Court's decision—the Congress enacted a new law to replace the invali-

‘dent Roosevelt after the Court’s decision. Rep. Marvin Jones of Texas; Senator Bankhead of Alabama, Cummings, and AAA Aduilnistrator Chester Davis.

: iy

Ts rr

Deal

Left to

Attorney: General Homer 8S.

are (rear row) Roberts, Butler, Stone, Cardoio, (front... row) Brandeis, Van Devanter, Hughes: Mark, ‘Mer,

dated postichs of ABA. ‘This so 1 law was ‘the Soil Conservation |

and Domestic Allotment Act, - which I signed on Feb. 29, 1936. Copyright a eo tional Copyr: served ander ME Copyright

Union (1910 by Franklin D. Roosevelt; distributed 19 nited Feature Syndicate.

N EXT— Compulsory Crop Control.

yright under Internanion; all rights re-

"efforts’ © permanently, however, the decision of the Su-

Holds Air Defense Worries

England

By Maj. Al Williams

NY 3) Writer EW YORK, April 8.—England has a Navy three times stronger than any combination of navies likely to be opposed to hers. She has a highly mechanized ground Army. And England is scared stiff about her capacity to defend herself and regain her balance of power in Europe. France has a Navy that is easily superior to that of any continental power. Her Army is still reckoned as the “most powerful, if not in numbers, at least in point of fighting power. Then France has the Maginot Line of fortifications that extend

from her southernmost border to

Belgium. The Maginot Line is re-

puted to have cost about 400 million ‘dollars. ‘In places it is 30 miles wide land goes down inte the earth four

of five stories. Concrete hig gun emplacements and pillboxes for

machine guns, plus storehouses for

millions of shells big and little, plus food and water supplies, make the

‘Maginot Line the ‘most powerful line

of fortifications ever built. With

lan: enormous manpower of about eight millions holding the Maginot ‘Line, nary experts think France

}-and France

can resist invasion against the armies of all the countries east of her borders, including even Russia. And still France, like England, is scared stiff about her ability to protect herself. And what are they worried about in the midst of this bristling array of men and equipment? They are scared stiff that they

have spent billions of treasure cathering up a lot of equipment that is valuable only for the old kind of war—namely, war on ths ground or on the sea. The possibility of air attack has the leaders

of both nations by the ears.

England is admittedly two ‘years

behind schedule with her air re-|--

armament, while France is now reaping the results of nationalizing her aireraft industry. French air power has been on the ebb. for years. She hasn’t the airplanes, nor has she the trained personnel to fly the ships she is trying. to. ‘buy from us and other nations. Neither the British battieshiy, fleet nor the Maginot Line can reach far enough into the air to fend off the air power of Germany or Italy. England and France have

spent their money for jelly beans

and are now rueing the purchase.

Becond-Class Matter vAndl anapalia, Ind.

|| lic Library set up shop In Tdisuaneli |. far as I know, they inten :| ‘ness.

‘| librarian, and Albert Yohn, his successor,

_ not care for opera. What shall I do?

Side Glances—Ey Clark

Jasper—By- Frank Owen

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1—What is the name for the plastic material secreted by - ‘bees and used by them in . making their cells? So 2—Name the great lyric poet of Scotland. 3—Through which three states does the Hoosac River flow? 4—In electricity, what is a -..coulometer? : 5—Who was Nicolas-Coustou? 6—What is the name for the young of an animal, when'it differs from its parents in + form and manner of life? ® 8»

5 Answers 1— Beeswax. : 2—Robert Burns. . ; ‘3—Massachusetts, Vermont and ‘New York. _ 4—An instrument for determining the quantity of electric current which is passing through an electric circuit. 5-=French sculptor. : 6—Larva, a ” 8 8 =

ASK THE 7 IMES

¥Snelose a 3-cent stamp for { £8 ‘when addressing any in of fact or information ~The Indianapolis Times n Service . Bureau, 13 13th St, N. W., WashingLegal’

“you will have

Second Section

PAGE 17

ur Town

By Anton Scherrer

Starting With 12,000 Books the Public Library Today, on lts 65th - Birthday, Has 600,000 Volumes.

T atime when everybody else is dancing on a volcano I find it kind of comfort-

ing to note that 65 years ago today the Pub-

As to stay in busiIt’s one of the two or three things that seem to indicate that everything isn’t going to the bow-wows around here. ; Seems, though, we had something in the way of & free library before we had the kind we now have. At any rate, as far back as 1869 we had the Indianapolis Library Association, a stock company composed of 100 citizens, each of whom was to contribute $125, the annual amount to go to the maintenance and increase of a public library. Af the end of five years they were going to make the next move and deécide whether it was worth while to continue. The stockholders never had a chance to pay more than $75 apiece into the concern because at the end of three years a real-for-sure Public Library was organized as a part of the school system. When the stockholders heard of it, they decided to put nothing in the way of the new enterprise. Indeed, they went even further, and donated their entire collection of 4000 books to the new outfit. They were applauded for their action by Judge Addison Roache who delivered the speech at the open ing of the Public Library in the Indianapolis High School Building on April 8, 1873. He was one of the Schoo! Board Committee, together with Dr. Harvey Carey, Dr. Thomas Elliott and Austen H. Brown, appointed on May 24, 1872, to figure out a way of starting a Public Library here.

Watch Those Cleveland Readers!

Apparently, they got busy right away because on July 5, 1872, they employed W. F. Poole (“Poole’s Index”), librarian of the Cincinnati Library, to prepare a catalog of 8000 books, which, of course, leaves me no alternative but to believe that the Public Library started with a collection of 12,000 books, counting the 4000 they got as a gift. In 10 years, under the leadership of Charles Evans, the first they whipped the collection up to 38,689 items. Since then, the collection has been growing at a faster pace, Otherwise, it wouldn't be possible to explain the 600,000 books, including the 80 copies of “Gone With the -Wind,” now on the shelves up there. It may surprise you to learn that the Indianapolis Library has one of the biggest turnovers of any in the country—something like nine. books circulation per capita. New York, which thinks itself so smart, has 341, and Chicago, which knows how to toot its horn, has only 3.02. Boston has 5.58 (haw! haw!). On the other hand, Cleveland has a circula=‘tion: of 10.95 books per capita. It's the town we've got ‘to watch. To lick Cleveland we've got to increase our circulation, and the only way I know how to do it is to make the borrowers knuckle down and return the books when due. It really amounts to a matter of conduct. Maybe you don’t know it, but the School Board collects around $10,000 every year in “fines”

Mr. Scherrer

for: Jocks lost or not returned within the specified time,

‘Jane Jordan—

Girl Need Not Have Marriage Ideas To Enjoy Boy's Company, Jane Says.

EAR JANE JORDAN-—I am a girl of 17 and an only child. I have been going with three girls for nine years and we have been the best of friends. We have never had a quarrel. We all were born in different countries. We have never had a quarrel or let any other affair spoil our friendship. Lately I find that the other three are beginning to have boy friends. I really do not care for boys in the least, but I feel that I am losing the friendship of the girls. They beg me to have a boy friend so we may all have boy friends together. I know a nice boy slightly and he wishes to have dates with me, but I could never like him seriously. I find that I do not mind being alone reading books or getting my lessons, although I do like to have fun as we all have had in the past. If I go with this boy I know I can be gay and like him very much, but never love him. If I don’t choose a boy friend I am afraid I will lose y girl friends. Another thing is that I love opera music and the others do not. I have planned to become an opera singer but my girl friends object. They say that $ Li Sous

” 2 ”

Answer—Your girl friends are right. The four of you aren’t little girls any more. You've come upon another phase of your development which your girl friends welcome and which you resist. Boys are a part of this new phase. You'd rather stay at home with your books and your lessons. In other words you'd rather read about life than live it. - You must recognize this as a retreat from experience. -Such retreats are made only by ‘people who are afraid to advance. At 17 you don’t have to be seriously interested in

“a boy to enjoy his company. You aren't considering

marriage, you know. You're just learning to get along with the other sex. I do not know ‘whether you have the voice to become an opera singer or not: That is something to find out for yourself. Ii may be that ‘not many boys are interested in opera but what of it? You can talk to them of other things and keep still about your own ambitions. Don’t bore the boys by talking about. that part of your life which doesn’t interest them, but meet them on other grounds. .

Note to Miss M. P.—I do not know “Worried Lore rine’s” address.: JANE JORDAN.

Put your fobloms in a letter to Jane Jordan, who will 5 answer your rhe in this column daily. .

Bob Burns Sam

OLLYWOGD, April 8—If you talk to anybody who has made a success in any line they will tell you that the thing that kept them goin’ was havin’ something to look forward to. When a fella can’t look forward to somethin’ he might as well quit altoether. 8 I know one actor out here who struggled for years small-time vaudeville and he got to be one of the iggest stars in pictures. He told me the other day there wouldn’t be any ine entive in goin’ on if he hadn’t found something else look forward to. He took me out to his house and howed me the most beautiful bathroom I ever saw, d with pride in his eyes he says: “Now you can une jerstand why I look forward to Saturday night.” (Copyright, 1938)

: : Walter O'Keefe— oLLYwo OD, April 8.—Yesterday was the fifth birthday for legal beer and the Governments— both Federal land local—have knocked down over a billion and a half in revenues. : The last five years have belonged to the .beer boom, but now with every nation in the world launching battleships it looks as if the next five years will

shoot champagne sales higher than ever. It the bee ‘business can come back to life after interfer

- being knocked on its back :by Gevernment

2ooe, its a

nch that other businesses can, d heed 0 people F.D. R to