Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 April 1938 — Page 9

agabon

From Indiana—Ernie Pyle

A Few Notes on the Practice of Tipping From One Experignced Both the Donating and Receiving.

AS VEGAS, Nev., April 2.—I notice by one of Westbrook Pegler’s recent columns that he is outraged once more over the tipping system. Well, as I see the thing from my bed of

pain here in Las Vegas, Mr. Pegler is exactly right. However, being a man who goes to the funda-

" mentals, Pegler is worried over the system. While

5 being somewhat shallow, worry merely over how to live with the system. In other words, what I worry about is how much to tip. Traveling constantly for three years has taught me practically nothing about how much is a fair tip. I do have more or less of a scale I go by, but I have no idea

whether it is right or not. In fact,

I don’t believe anybody knows. You read | in biographies of prominent men how they| refuse to overtip, and scrupulously figure on a 10 per.cent basis. That's all right, and I can do that, too. But what

Mr. Pyle Py about the bellboy who carries up

- your bags? Give him 10 per cent of what?

In case any novice traveler wants to follow my own still-bewildered example, I'll give you my scale of “carrying-up-bags” tips: "If we take out two small bags and it's a very short carry, I give 15 cents. Two bags and the typewriter— 20 cents. Three bags and the typewriter—25 cents. If it’s a long carry to the room, I add 5 or 10 cents. Four or five times a year, when we're staying quite a while and completely unload the car, it takes two boys, and I give them. 40 cents apiece. The only way I can judge the fairness of these tips is by the attitude of the tippee—and I've never had a bellboy act as though I hadn’t given him enough.

I don’t mind tipping bellboys who lug bags. It’s

' the parasites with théir hands out who burn me up. - And it is one of those who gave me my only reprimand

¥ for a small tip.

It was in a Hollywood night club. The boy in the men’s room handed me a cake of soap which I didn't want; gave my suit a brushing which it didn’t need.

1 gave him a dime and said “Thank you.” And as

or, I left he said to my back, with piercing sarcasm,

“Thank YOU.” ‘It is far beneath my dignity to knock down wash‘room boys who are twice as big as I am, so I merely

= turned back hotly, shouted “What was that?” and

of the old West,” or something like that.

beat it. I don’t know that there's any use discussing the tipping business in the first place. It all depends on the point of view. Once I was on the other end of the problem. I was bellhopping on a trans-Pacific liner, and I made $90 in tips between Seattle and Hongkong. (In fact, I still think so.)

‘Last of Old West’

Las Vegas is quite a place. It calls itself the “last The term is an exaggeration—but Las Vegas is rather a fascinating mixture of the old desert West and of every-

,thing modern.

.. The town is about 5000. Being in Nevada, it is wide open. When we were here three years ago there were more than 40 gambling casinos and saloons. That was when Boulder Dam (30 miles away) was going full blast, with thousands of workers. But; now the dam is finished, the workers have moved on, and Las Vegas has suffered. You see casinos closed, doors padlocked, windows gray and empty. But Las Vegas is no ghost town, just because the dam is finished. It is a little metropolis, and always will be. It’s the only town of any size for at least 200 miles in any direction. Tourists, business travelers, ranchers, miners, and just plain desert rats keep its streets always colorful and fairly crowded.

My Diary

- By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Each Individual Has Holding of Own On Georgia Homestead Project.

ARM SPRINGS, Ga. Friday—Last night the heavens opened and the rain descended upon us with thunder and lightning to remind us the summer season was coming on and there are such things as electrical storms. Fortunately for us, we took the drive over the mountain to Pine Mountain valley yesterday afternoon. The view is lovely all along the ridge, the road perfectly good when dry, but like any road in Georgia which is not paved, it might not be so good today. I had never seen this homestead, which is under

WPA, at close range. From a distance it looks like many of the other homesteads, with its neat little houses, some close together and some more scattered. It covers a considerable acreage and, in about the center of the project, a school and community building is located. Its organization is a little different from any other project which I know, because each individual has a holding of his own, but the corporation farms a good part of the land which is not as yet allotted. Out of the 133 families now settled there, only three have

failed.

Seeing a project with the President is not what I call close investigation, but no one could hear and seé the children singing the song which they made up about Pine Mountain valley without realizing what a visit from him meant to them and to their parents gathered on the opposite side of the road.

Girls Publish Quarterly

Mr. Harry Hopkins, who drrived yesterday, and Miss Gay Shepperson, state WPA director, were with us. When we reached home and I saw the dusty figures emerging from the other cars, I realized that being in a closed car might be less windy but it was no less dusty if you had to ride behind anyone else. I am quite sure that everything, as well as everyone, in any car behind us had to find a tub before returning to Norman. .

In my mail, a couple of days ago, I found a letter |’

from two girls which said that someone had entered my name as a subscriber to a little quarterly review which they were publishing, but they doubted if I ever came across it in the Washington mail, and so they were sending me some extra copies here. It is called “The North Georgia Review” and it is published in Clayton, Ga. The covers. in themselves are - interesting. These young women are modern-minded but they

have a fine taste in books and poetry. The articles |

which deal with other subjects are interesting, but somewhat surprising from a southern origin. I shall try not. to lose these little magazines in Washingion from now on. - Tomorrow we shall start back and Mrs. Scheider and I will wrife this column from the train to conclude the giaty of our travels. -

Bob Burns Says—

OLLYWOOD, April 2—I have gotten several let- |

ters from people askin’ me why I don’t talk about somebody besides my kinfolks. I know a whole lot about other people, but I'm afraid if I told it, I'd get in trouble. I haven't learned that newspaper art of giving impressions without, comin’ right out and myn plainly what I mean. For instance, when Hugh Park, the editor of the -Press-Argus wanted to give the impression that a man

- was lazy, he simply said that paper soles on the the

rv

man’s shoes would outlast a leather patch on the seat of his pants. : _ (Copyright, 1938)

I thought that was wonderful then.

Be | )

F. D.

(Contained in

SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1938

's Own Story of the

an authorized advance publication of his notes and com-

ments to “The Public Pagers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt”)

Article No. 10

On Devaluation of the

Dollar.

HE fact has been widely overlooked that the various phases of suspension of specie payment during the bank holiday, and immediately afterward in 1933, constituted devaluation in fact, which was immediately accompanied by a rise in commodity prices. The full extent of the devaluation, however, was not felt or actually determined until formal devaluation in law took place on Jan. 31,

1934. While many of the acts of the Administration up to this time were emergency measures, they indicate, nevertheless, a’ consistent pattern as yet roughly formed, but designed for the purposes of gaining for the American dollar freedom—freedom at home from the threat of instability and freedom abroad for the beginning of a new realignment to the other currencies of the world.

Much, however, remained to be done before we could establish complete control over our national monetary policy. The Gold Reserve Act and the proclamation

‘which {followed it on Jan. 31,

1934, were the culmination, for the time being, of the monetary program initiated in March, 1933.

Monetary Objectives

In order to show the relationship of the various measures, taken during this period of 10 months,‘to each other and to our underlying objectives, I summarize our aims and the successive steps by which they were put in course of accomplishment. “This was what we wanted to do: 1. To at and, once attained, to maintain [reasonably equitable and stable income relationships among the ers, farmers, vestors, etc. | 2. To prevent marked fluctuations or sharp trends in wholesale price levels. 3. To maintain a reasonably stable cost of living. ' 4,, To foster steadily increasing employment, more widespread income and purchasing power, and an orderly expansion of business activity. 5. To maintain such pgsition of the dollar with reference to other currencies, as would encourage an increasing domestic and foreign trade, and tifereby help raise the standard of living and promote peace. : 6. To eliminate broad fluctuations in exchange rates without sacrificing sovereignty over our monetary policy. 7. To facilitate the smooth and easy adjustment of international payments and foster stability of foreign monetary systems. 8. To avoid competitive depreciation of currencies. 9. To restrict the “unjustified enrichment”—the unearned profit from gold and foreign exchange — which at other times here and at all times in most other nations was permitted to fall into the laps of a privileged few as a result of governmental monetary action. 10. To make more effective the control of our manetary system and of the metallic reserves of gold and silver used as its base; -and to make clear that it belongs where the Constitution says’ it does—in the Congress rather than in the hands of the bankers and the speculators. The various steps we took to accomplish these objectives had necessarily to be guided by three principles: First, the country’s monetary system was in a seriously disrupted condition. The immediate

businessmen, in-

actions taken had to be emergency.

measures to prevent the system from going to pieces completely. : Second, the relation of our

ifferent groups: work-

President Roosevelt is shown signing the Gold Reserve Act at the White House on Jan. 30, 1934. Standing, left to right, are Herman Oliphant, general counsel to the Secretary of the Treasury; Secretary , of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr., and Eugene Black, Governor of

* the Federal Reserve Board.

monetary system to the commerce, industry and finance of: the nation is such that progress can only be made gradually and by successive steps. Third, the things we were trying to do had never been done in the same way before. We were not dealing with theories, but with facts. It was sometimes necessary, therefore to observe and analyze the effects of one step before we

- could be certain we were right in

taking the next one.

Measures Taken

I shall outline the successive steps we took; and it will be seen that each one of them was actuated by one or more of the considerations I have already described. 1. In connection with the banking holiday, banks and Government officials were generally prohibited from paying out gold; the export of gold was forbidden and steps were taken to eliminate hoarding of gold and currency. This was an emergency measure, but it was also the first of the steps in transferring to the Federal Government the more effective control and regulation of the monetary system. 2. Gold and gold certificates were required by Executive Order to be surrendered to the Treasury. There was: a comparatively: small group of individuals who at that time owned gold or obligations payable in gold, or were able to speculate in foreign exchange, and who therefore, if we had not taken this step, would have been in a position to profit as a result of the misfortunes of the great mass of our citizens and of the measures taken by the Government to, alleviate them. 3..The issuance of licenses to export gold was discontinued and dealings in foreign exchange were subjected to examination and regulation. The foreign exchange value of the dollar—that is, the amount of foreign currency such as francs, pounds or marks which can be exchanged for a dollar— is intimately and inevitably connected with our foreign trade. The condition of that foreign. trade is, in turn, reflected in our own domestic situation, directly through the amount of manufactured products and raw materials which we are able to sell abroad and through the prices we in turn have ‘to pay for imported material; and indirectly by the effect which our foreign trade necessarily has on our own price level, on our own volume of domestic activity and on our own standard of living. -

Devaluation

4. The President was authorized by the Congress in the socalled “Thomas amendment” in the Farm Relief Act to “devalue” the dollar—that is, to reduce the

number of grains of gold consti

tuting the statutory gold content of the dollar. This authority, however, was not exercised until I issued the proclamation of Jan. 31, 1934. It was apparent that any undervaluation of gold in terms of dollars would be related to domestic undervaluation of commodities in terms of dollars. The suspension of gold payments, followed by a progressively rising dollarprice for gold, was therefore designed to contribute to the rise in commodity prices which we felt was essential to restore the purchasing and debt-paying ability of the American people. i The gold content could tot be fixed lower than 50 per cent, and the upper limit was afterward fixed by law at 60 per cent, of the the previous gold content. The proclamation of Jan. 31, 1934, fixed the gold content at about 05 per cent. . “Gold clauses”’—that is, proVii for payment of money obligations in gold coin or in gold—were declared invalid by the Congress. This was another measure designed to prevent unfair profits from accruing to a very small group of creditors and the placing of unfair burdens not only on the corresponding debtors, but on the taxpaying public as a whole.

It assured payment of the dollar

amount of the obligation rather

than of a. purely fictitious gold

“value.”

. 6. The sale on consignment of ‘newly-mined domestic gold and,

later, its purchase by the Reconstruction Finance Corp. were authorized. These purchases made. possible the gradually increasing gold price to which I have referred. From Oct. 24, 1933, to January, 1934, this price increased from

$29.80 to $34.45, thus paving the

way - for the action that was taken by the proclamation of Jan. 31, 1934.

Gold Reserve Act

7. The Gold Reserve Act was passed on Jan. 30, 1934, essentially designed to amplify and consoli-

date the instruments which had been devised up to that time for monetary control. The Act was another decisive step by which the United States took “firmly in its own hands the control of the gold value of our dollar.” It also gave the President wide authority with respect to fixing the weight of the silver dollar and subsidiary coins

and to the issuance of silver cer-

tificates. (Editor's Note — Important Provisions of the Gold Reserve Act transferred title ofall gold in Federal Reserve” Banks to the Government; set an upper limit of 60 per cent on devaluation of the dollar; gave the

‘Copyright LL, co

tered 8 ond-Class Matter = Foros, Tadinabotn Ind.

ew Deal

Much of the gold returned to the Government by the Gold Reserve

Act is stored in the Federal repository at Ft. Knox, Ky.

The upper pic-

‘ture shows a truck leaving the Philadelphia mint with gold bullion for

the repository.

Secretary of the Treasury power to buy or sell gold, and to regu-

late or prohibit dealings in it;

and abolished gold coin as a unit of currency.) It also established a Stabilization Fund of $2,000,000,000 out of the “profit” which was to accrue from devaluation. (The gold in the Treasury represented, after devaluation, a larger number of dollars than it did before) By means of the fund, the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, was authorized to deal in gold and foreign exchange and such other instruments of credit and sectirities as he might deem necessary for stabilizing the exchange value of the dollar. . o

After four years of operation

of the Stabilization Fund, I may be pardoned for expressing gra-

tification at the successful results

iat have been achieved through

Ee The day after approving the

Gold Reserve Act of 1934, I issued the proclamation fixing the weight of the gold . .dollar at 15 5-21 grains of gold 9-10 fine. The monetary value of gold so fixed by the proclamation (about

- $35 per ounce) was approximately

equal to the foreign exchange equivalent in the international markets at that time. The proclamation pointed out that the right was reserved by the President to alter or modify the terms of this proclamation by virtue of his authority if the interest of the United States might seem, to require it. . No further policy-making Hin were taken by the Administration in regard to gold until the threeparty arrangement of Sept. 25, 1936, among the United States, Great Britain and France. During this period, confidence in the American dollar was completely revived, and much of the capital which had been exported prior to March-4, 1933, was returned fo-this country. Indeed, foreign capital began to come here for “safekeeping. The domestic price level revived, foreign trade

° improved, and income relation-

ships began to readjust themselves.

right under Interna nion; all Tights 18 served under. ion, opyr ht Union (1910) Franklin Roosevelt; distribute ey nited Feature Syndicate,

tional Cop,

The lower photo shows the impregnable granite, steel and concrete “pillbox” at Ft. Knox.

President Roosevelt's . Comments Next Week

The saving and development of the land and other natural resources form the basis for the part of President’s Roosevelt's own story of the New Deal which will be published next week by The Indianapolis Times exclusively in this area. The entire series is composed of notes and comments from the

President's five forthcoming books, “The Public Papers and Addresses

of Franklin D. Roosevelt.” Next week’s group of comments

will ‘concern not only the conservation and improvement of the soil itself and of other gifts of nature for the subsistence and comfort of man, but the problems with which civilization has confronted man. To take an example, the President discusses both farming and the farmer. He writes of, in addition to methods ‘for bettering produce; means of as.sisting legally and financially the man who grows it. _ Before entering upon a consideration of agriculture itself, however, the President gives the background and the purposes of one of the Administration’s bestknown projects for conservation and power. This is the TVA. Upon this, the President’s—comments will appear Monday. This will be the 11th article of the series. It will explain the component parts of the Tennessee Valley Authority, and set forth the benefits to be derived from it and other projects of like nature. “In the 12th article to be pub“lished Tuesday, Mr. Roosevelt discusses the steps taken by his Administration to prevent unnecessary mortgage foreclosures on small farms and homes. Articles 13, 14 and 15, which "will be published Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, trace the history, development and accomsplishments of the AAA from the first hectic days of the New Deal

+ in 1933 until the Act was declared

unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Hoosac Mills case in January 1936. On Saturday, in the 16th article, President Roosevelt discusses the crop control phases of his agricultural program and differentiates between the voluntary measures of the AAA and the soil ‘conservation act and the policy of compulsory - control = established later by such special acts as the Bankhead Cotton Bill.

Side Glances—By Clark

it

J asper—By Frank Owen

“The boss can't get a night off even when his family's away. has to rush home now because he promised the servants he! d be there for dinner."

"Never mind‘ how: ‘many. ficonts: I'm. split? Ibe: no. . : spoussluge in his: backyardl’. SL :

SCIENCE TODAY

| By Science Service | ASHINGTON; April 2.—Ameriand their foreign colleagues were granted 598 patents this week by the U. S. Patent Office.

Covering a multitude of fields, a

can inventors

number of the patents attracted attention here because of their unusual approaches to the solution of old problems. Several were selected by Science Service as particularly interesting, Newest form of “hell on wheels” and aid for the practical joker is a blow-out imitator, Patent No. 2,112,488 granted to Louis R. Hartman of Elkton, Md., which can be attached to an automobile tire and is guaranteed to produce results of an explosive variety.

A machine for plucking feathers from fowl won Patent No. 2,112,230 for its inventor, Chester F. Fisher | of Providence, R. I. : || Patent No. 2112408 went to Betty E. Prince of Charleston, W. Va., for a bathtub for washing baby. Made of rubber, it has an inflatable rim which enables it to float in the full-sized tub. Holes in the baby tub

placed inside a regular bathtub. | A compartmented lunch bag to enable a person to carry a several course meal with ‘a minimum’ of difficulty was patented by Paul E. Metro of Warren, O. It is covered | by Patent No. a 3

covered by|

serve to keep the tub filled when’

Our T By Anton Scherrer

A Purloined Spoon, a Tumble on The Stairs and a Physician Cause Mrs. Blank Lots of Embarrassment,

KNOW a fow people high in Indianapolis society—almost enough to do me, in fact —but decided to call on Sophie Blank, anyway. For one thing, I wanted to verify Mrs, Blank’s ghastly experience of the other night.

For another, 1 wanted to learn whether her experience had left any scars. Mrs. Blank says she’s feeling all right now (thank you), but it took her some time to collect herself. As for her experience, nobody will ever know how horrible it was, says Mrs. Blank. It all started, says Mrs. Blank, with a big dinner party in one of the big manor houses of Indianapolis. Thirty-eight persons were present. It’s too many to handle at one time, says Mrs. Blank. The conversation gets out of hand, with the result that a series of silences ensue leaving a dozen or more guests with nobody to talk to. That's what happened to Mrs. Blank. She got caught in one of these silences, and for want of something better to do she began examineing her plate and the array of tools that went with it, Next thing she knew, she got to wondering how in the world any one household in Indianapolis. had enough china and silver to serve 38 guests. Well, it was while Mrs. Blank was appraising her

Mr. Scherrer

-host’s silverware that she had the scare of her life.

And so would you if you found your own spoon on your host's table. She couldn’t believe her eyes—

,not only was the pattern of the spoon the one with

which she had started housekeeping, but it had her initials on it. Mrs. Blank didn’t know what to do next, but she had her mind made up before the dinner was over. When the coffee was served and nobody was looking, Mrs. Blank let the spoon drop into her lap. The she wrapped it in her handkerchief, At the first opportunity, she transferred the wrappedup spoon to her bag, secure in the belief that everything was all right.

Begin Search For Medicine

But it wasn’t. To get out of the dining room into the living room Mrs. Blank had to go down three steps (you know the kind), and it was while traveling this precarious passage that she stumbled and fell. Sure, the bag went down with her. What's more, it opened, releasing the purloined spoon. As luck would have it, her solicitous hostess picked her up. The spoon, too. By this time Mrs. Blank’s mind was working like a trip-hammer, she says. She expldined having the spoon by saying that she always carried one, in order to measure the medicine her doctor had prescribed. Mrs. Blank says she completely forgot that her doctor was one of the guests present that night. That, of course, started everybody, including the doctor, hunting for the bottle of medicine. I guess I don’t have to tell you there wasn’t any bottle of medicine. Mrs. Blank doesn’t know how her spoon got on her host’s table. I asked her to pull herself together and think hard, but the best she could do was to suggest a theory—something to the effect that people who run off big parties have to doa lot of borrowing, with the result that in the pay-off a lot of spoons and the like find new homes. Mrs. Blank says she has such a spoon in her own home—hasn't the least idea how it got there, but, after her experience, she’d give anything to find its lawful owner. -

Jane JordanDon't Be Upset by Minor Defeat

~In Love, 18-Year-Old Girl Told.

ZEAR JANE JORDAN—I am a girl 18 years of age. For the last year and a half I have been going steady with a boy my age. From the first day I saw him I loved him. We were together constantly. Through all this time I learned to trust him and believe in him. He said my only bad habit was that I was too bossy. I didn’t mean to boss him and if ever I get him back I'll remember not to. About a month ago I moved from the neighborhood. As we both go to school we decided to see each other only on Saturday and Sunday nights. I began to notice a change in him and last week he told me he had stepped out on me. I told him I couldn't go with him any more. I can’t believe he would do such a thing to me. I trusted him so much. I would do anything to get him back. Would it be wrong to write him and tell him how I feel? Or should I go to him and talk it over? Or would it be best to stay away from him? N.S.

Answer—One of the tests of a person’s character is. the degree of courage with which he meets disappointment. Some people bounce back like a rubber ball after they hit bottom and some simply stick there like a lump of clay. When disappointed in love some women. compensate for the blow to their pride by finding a better man. Others cannot overcome their anger at being crossed and insist upon “him or nobody.” Take a leaf from the book of other girls who have written the absent boy friend and poured out their feelings. Most of them have lived to regret this complete surrender which seldom has any effect on the boy’s-hard heart. It simply shows him~ that he has nothing further to conquer in the girl and his interest diminishes. Your cue is to find a substitute for the boy who has become a habit for the last year and a half. I think he wants a change and you will do well to consider a change yourself. You've confessed that you're too bossy which indicates a strong will and a desire to dominate. That's why you're so upset over this minor defeat. Don’t go to pieces over one 18-year-old boy when the woods are so full of others. » » 2 EAR JANE JORDAN—I am 19, blond, very nice looking and have a nice personality. I have been having dates with two very nice lads. I like them both. In fact I have loved one of them for nearly three years. He knows nothing of this as I treat him as though I felt just the opposite. The other I have known only about two months. Each wants me not to have dates with the other, but I know neither would like me any better if I just sat around and waited for him alone. Should I choose between Ho Li FIC

Answer—The trouble is that you have no faith in either of these boys. Your intuition tells you that if you succumbed to either he would lose interest and move on to conquer other fields. I feel that a young lady who is equipped with this much wisdom and who knows enough not to wear her heart on her sleeve, needs no advice from me,

Doubtful—You're right an and your boy friend is wrong. His arguments are fallacious and he knows it, He only hopes you do not know it. JANE JORDAN.

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan, who will answer your questions in this column daily. 4

Walter O'Keefe—

OLLYWOOD, April 2.—Yesterday America cele= brated the taxpayers’ birthday. It's kind of silly to set April Fool's Day aside for special observance when the Government is playing pranks on us every day of the year.

Of course, the current pak at the taxpayers’ ex-

pense is the reorganization bi