Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 December 1937 — Page 18

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WORE THAN 15000000 IN SE ~ LIVING AT MERE SUBSISTENCE LEVEL, SCIENTISTS ARE TOLD

One Out of Six Could Disappear Without Affecting National Income, Frederick Osborn Declares in Paper Read to Delegates.

(Copyright, One out of six persons in

1937, by Science Service)

the United States could dis-

appear tomorrow without: affecting the national income of the nation, it was revealed here today before the America

‘Association for the Advancem

ent of Science in an inquir

that provided preliminary blue-prints for more effective us of human resources and manpower. :

Some 15,000,000 to 20,000,

,000 people live at a subsist

ence level and take a very meager part in economic life, paper communicated by Frederick Osborn, New York City

declared.

These people, representing probably some of our fines _ stocks, are located in the Appalachian Highlands, the Ozark

the cut-over regions of nporthern Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin and they include

marginal farmers and share-

croppers in the South and the Western wheat areas. The unemployed in our cities are also in the class of our population that neither produce nor consume in the sense of any broad exchange of goods, according to Mr. Osborn. ; * One of the major tasks of society is to make these people into effective * producers and consumers. Science Urged to Front

“If all our. people could be brought to the level of the 25 per cent who are at present our largest consums=ers, our total economic activity could be increased manyfold,” Mr. Osborn added. Scientists here were called upon to assume social responsibility for the consequences of their inventive- - ness, lest they find themselves in the subservient position of German | scientists, by Dr. Eduard C. Lindeman of the New York School of Social Work. He warned that “a technological age cannot afford to have its values set by persons unfamilliar with the foundations of science and technology. “Science must become much more forthright in accepting its social responsibilities and especially the responsibility for understanding basic human needs and for releasing the unused energies of men. Education must become more scientific, both with respect to its methods and pur-

poses.”

Importance of Geology Stressed by Mansfield

Geology is a great deal more than the harmless “rock-pecking” hobby |¢ of aimless though amiable gentle-~ men, Dr. George E. Mansfield of the U. S. Geological Survey declared in an address today as vice president of the American Association for the Advacement of Science’s section on geology. Without the aid of geologists, you couldn’t own or run a car, you'd have a lot more trouble than you already have in feeding and housing your family, and you'd stand less chance of getting well when you are sick, he said. “Modern automobiles depend on the geologist not only for the familiar metals, steel and copper, that enter into their makeup, but even more for the minor but indispensable alloy ingredients like molyhdenum, vanadium and tungsten, as well as for chromium for plating their shiny accessories. And if oil geologists all went on a sit-down strike, cars too soon would have to ‘sit down,’ permanently,” he added. Food might seem noi directly dependent on geologists, and as a matter of fact man doesn’t actually eat many minerals. But he cooks on metal stoves in metal pgs and pans, and the one food seasoning he can’t get along without is a mineral—salt. Dr. Mansfield continued, “Even more important. still, the geologist aids the agronomist in meeting the menace of soil exhaustion and erosion by finding new sources fer-

windowbox practice. species needed to be encouraged with growth-promoting chemical, in-dole-3-acetic acid, but others spaited their roots without any stimulus.

each individual cell, exert a continuous influence on the cell? Or [is

its activity limited to the time when |

each cell is reproducing itself py dividing into two cells? : An experiment in which it is

dicated that the cell’s “brain” plays

a vital part in the cell's. activity was reported by Dr. Chambers [in

termined. But after several mini the disintegration ceases and in hour the cell, now with only Rugleus, is again healthy.

that the cell's “brain” is mE tinuously on the cell. Petals Induced to Form

Roots, La Rue Discloses “Petals and all other parts of

ers have been induced to form in experiments reported by Carl D. LaRue, University of igan.

taining sugar and essential n salts.

On this the parts lived inde

and had plenty of time to

Some

Several specimens not only s

ed roots but started stems and| leaves as well, and eventually grew up into complete, normal plants.

Freud has been dealt a blow by

50 convicts, according to Dr, I. M Hanks Jr., University of Illi

ois. If dreams represent the w Shes of

the dreamer, the atmosphere prison should be ideal for

reported to the Association here. - Actually the dreams of the/50 con- | victs failed to support |[Preud’s theories, Dr. Hanks said. it goes without saying that all these men wished to leave the institution, only four of their dreams concerned getting out.

Although

‘Inet been possible to reproduce

The greatest contribution of science this year was discovery of

Dietz said. 3 Three diseases resulting in approximately one-third of the deaths in the nation have their origin in high klood pressure, he said.

Other Advances Listed

Othar important advances were made in the study of virus diseases, ,| brain waves, ductless glands and

Watson Davis, Science Service director, inspects a micrcfilm reading machine he is working on.

Accomplis shments of science during 1937 and what it hopes to attain during the new year were presented to the Indianapolis radio audience yesterday by David Dietz, Times Science Editor, and Watson Davis, Science Service director, who are attending sessions of the: American Association for the Advancement of Science here for The Times.’

Blood Pressure Research Held Greatest Contribution 1 in n 1937

causes of high blood pressure, Mr.

the surgical treatment of hip fractures, according to Mr. Dietz. The use of insulin, already employed in diabetic treatment, to aid the mentally ill, was cited by Mr. Davis as an outstanding scientific accomplishment of 1937. “In power production, steam is still king, still being used under high pressures and at high temperatures,” ; Mr. Davis continued. “And in 1938, Indiana expects to make power history with a new 2400-pound, 950

Type of Disease Changes With Same Germs, Group Told.

{Continued from Page One)

|AAAS to Pick Prize Winner; ‘Acid Fast Bacteria’ Puzzling

Fahrenheit steam turbine plant.”

Allied Associations Asked To Join in ‘World Science Court.’

(Continued from Page One)

special experts in ‘true’ leprosy and tuberculosis.” Dr. Long described investigations now in progress which had been financed by the National Tuberculosis - Association. Among other things, these studies have disclosed that when colonies of one of the germs are grown on artificial media, they divide into different types of germs which differ in appearance and pathological effect.

Discusses Confusing Elements

Discussing some of the confusing elements in the pictures,” Dr. Long pointed out that humans were susceptible to the bovine type of tuberculosis but naqt.-the avian or bird type. On the other hand, swine were susceptible to both the bovine and ‘the avian type, while mice caught both of these and the human type as well. Dogs and cats were yey resistant to tuberculosis of any sort. Leprosy, which affects about three million people in the world today, disclosed a whole Host of “acid-fast bacteria,” Dr. Long said. But it has

leprosy with any one of them. How leprosy is transmitted is entirely unknown, he added. It now appears, Dr. Long said, that the pathological effect of an “acid-fast-bacteria” is a combination of the action of the bacteria and the action of the tissues of the animal into which it is trans-

planted.

tilizer and assisting in the formation of plans for soil conservation,” ‘he said. . Geologists aid medicine directly

way from Epsom salt and borax to the arsenic and mercury combined in the more powerful and subtle drugs, he:said, and even more important is the role of geology in preserving public health, through the agencies of sanitation and pollu-

of new supplies of good water.

Experiment on Cell

Material Described 1 the

of one of modern science’s oldest and "most important riddizs. Prof. Robert Chambers of New York University | “indicated before the association’s|

: Does the tiny darkish spot in each cell, the nucleus, traditionally referred to as the “soul” or “brain” of

The Lowest Long after 7 every be in effect on N a 7 pam. te

Vout" by ishens ll on sd z

A : 3 ’ nN Distance rates (the same that apply soning and all day every Sunday) will r 'foar’s Jay These low rates begin =Higwe Yoar's fva--and continue in

opened a new field in medical research between the living and non-

living, 1200 Papers Read The winner is to be chosen from approximately 1200 whose papers have been read. Each of the 64 sections selected -its best and submitted them to the committee. for final decision. The purpose of ' the proposed “world science court” was termed not only. to advance the interests of science, but to promote peace among nations and intellectual freedom in order that science may advance and spread more abundantly its benefits to all. mankind.” The invitation issued by the executive council was described by Dr: F. R. Moulton, permanent secretary, as a statement of policy against fascism and an acknowledgement that the “man in overalls” supports the work of science,

‘Text of Resolution

‘The resolution follows: “Whereas, science and its applica tions are not only transforming the physical and mental environment-of men, but are adding greatly to the complexities of their: social, economic and political relations among them; and “Whereas, science is wholly inde-

Walked Out on Millions

Individualist, Bret Har~desty boasted: that he -wouldn’t marry the rich«est girl in the world, even:

then unexpectedly the

change his mind? You'll | find the answer in Ade-

ing new. serial story

had he the chance. And |

~chance came. . Did he - |

laide Humphries’ excit= 1H

| David Dietz, Times Science Editor (right), iriterviews a delegate to the A. A. A. S. convention here.

| pendent of national boundaries and

races and creeds and can flourish permanently only .where there is 1eace and intellectual freedom; now Therefore, be is resolved by the

council on this 30th day of Decem-.

ber, 1937, that the American Association for the Advancement of Science makes as one of its objectives an examination of the . profound effects of science upon society, and that the association extends to its prototype, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and to all other scientific organizations with similar aims throughout the world, an invitation

to co-operate not only in advancing,

the interests of science, but also in | promoting peace among nations and | intellectual freedom in order that | science may continue to advance and to spread more abundantly ; its | benefits to all mankind. Urges Staff in Each State Dr. Parran in his address at Mu-

rat Temple declared that five lead-

ing health institutions of the Suns try, co-operating with the TU. Health Service, are conducting : winning fight against syphilis. He declared that “we know enough about syphilis to control it.

‘but not enough to discourage. fur- | ther research which will make pre- !

vention cheaper and more efficient.” Dr. Parran urged a trained public

health staff to deal with the disease | —

in each state; premarital medical certificates; minimum state laws requiring reports of cases; state distribution of antisyphilis drugs ‘to physicians; diagnostic and treatment services meeting state stand-

ards and a widespread educational t

program. He declared that the disease raids the American pocketbook of $41.-

000,000 annually, citing that 518,000 |

new cases are reported each year

and that 598,000 advanced cases re-

port for first treatments,

ORE 0 S THVEN |

UN DISCUSSION

ON TELEPATHY

4 Psychologists Disappointed

That No Conclusive Dis- - cussions Were Held. ?

WATSON DAVIS (Copyright, 1937, by Science Service)

“ESP"—extra sensory perception —has hovered over the scientists’ meeting here.

Scientists did nct sit around play-

_|inz the ESP card game of matching

cards bearing circles, crosses, waves, stars and squares. But they dis-

cussed in scientific sessions and in

informal conversation the pros and cons of telepathy and clairvoyance as propelled upon the American scene by the parapsychological researches of Dr. J. B. Rhine, Duke University, and recent radio programs on- ESP experiments. There seemed to be a little trouble in ‘getting the telepathy problem before the meetings. One paper that from its title dealt with methods used in recent radio telepathy tests was replaced at the last moment by a paper not related to this subject. Another paper before the mathematicians titled “A Source of Errov in Interpretation of ‘Experiments on-Clairvoyance” was not given because of illness of the author, Prof. Harold Hotelling of Columbia University. Instead, a paper by the Harvard mathematician, Dr. BE. V. Huntington, was substituted. He finds the mathematical methods used by Dr. Rhine in: analyzing/ his scores, subjected to attack by psychologists, are “good enough for his purposes” although his methods “cannot bear | close analysis.” “I hate to see the prestige of ' mathematics called into question by psychologists,” Dr. Huntington declared, as he presented the meeting with a sort of mathematical score card for use of those playing | the ESP game, : “This doesn’t mean you have dem-

‘onstrated the reality of telepathy,

| does it?” Dr. Huntington was asked, and his answer was that it did not. The same attitude was expressed by Wesleyan University’s mathematics professor, Dr. Burton H. Camp, president of the Institute of Mathe-

On Two N lights

: WASHINGTON. Dec. 31 (U. P, J go Vice President John N. Garner nas decided he csn sit up late at least two evenings in: 1938—even in stiff and formal white tie and tails--so the President; and Mrs. - Roosevelt will give a dinner for him, and he and Mrs. Garner will give a dinner for the President 2 . The White Housé dinner for the Vice President, Mrs. Roosevelt said today, will be the first state function of .the year, cn Thursday, Jan. 6. The Vice President's dinner for the President has been set for Feb. 11. Last year the Vice President upset

President: to enter into a conspiracy

Mrs. James M. Helm, the Yhite House social. secretary, had to rearrange her szason’s invitation list to crowd in all the people scheduled to be invited fo the Vice Presicient'’s dinner. The Vice President's ‘dinner for the President is given at a cowntown . hotel. with stage and radio stars usually entertaining the guests, | rq This traditional dinner is Vice President (3arner’s only concession to the social demands made upon Vice Presidents.

matical Stetistics, who declared that if the Rhine investigation is to be attacked fairly it must be on other than mathematical grounds. There was evident disappointment among psychologists that more conclusive discussion of ESP did not occur. A possible explanation of ESP ability was presented in riathematical session discussion by Profi Henry Schultz, University of Chicago economist. He reported that ‘members: of the Chicago faculty playing ESP were able 'to tr themselves. to make ' high scores through images appearing on the backs of cards.

the- social program by picking up the Sum telephone one day and asking the}

in restraint of society by agreeing to call off both dinners. They did and

28-Milé Route “To Limited. Cumber

The state: Highwa) today anrbunced es truck detour on U. east ‘of Indianapolis, four-ton gross load 1 bridge run-atpund one. berland. This detour is mas over U. 8. Highway 52 town and State Road | field. During the .pa

~ Indians 2—About . three: miles north of Hebron, county stone road.

Indiana 3—About of ag port, one biome Qo

aD: 13 From 5 ahash miles over Roads Indiana le 18 — Richmond, one - mile ove

Indiana 21—From . Mu eight miles over Roads 3 a U. 8. 35—From Muncie nt miles over Roads 3 and 28. 8. 40—Truck detour. spoils ia to Greenfield, 28

fade 43—Prom Road 54 noth berry, seven miles. over county gravel,

Indiana 44—Just ell. nine miles Dyer gra From Shelbyvi over Roads travel: new road at own barricades are not erected.)

U. 8. 50—About® two ie, ye Brownstown, two miles over ty y ae Indiana 62—From Leavenwe don, 37 miles over Roads 66, 13 5

Indiana 234—From Indian; jy 43, six miles over. Indiena a te fn mat and Indiana 43.

-Indiana 327—Just south

of miles over county gravel. ro

caused by eyestrain,

A HAPPY NEW YE

AND A HEALTHY ONE

Resolve to have your eyes examined and get rid of Headache 'and Nervousmests :

® oo BUDGET PLAN o oo

os. . KERNEL Qf

TRACTION TERMINAL BLDG.

STREET FLOOR, COR. MARKET & ILLINOJ HOURS 7 A.M. TO 6 P. M.

LI-7600

of Rolling Stock Purchased

CITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN AMERICA! Smooth, comfortable riding and quick servicel

What a far cry from the old horse-drawn of early Indianapolis . . . and what a boon to the 212,000 passengors who daily depend o safe, scheduled transportation to take then

* rom one end of the ity to He ether for ness, shopping or pleasure. .

No wonder Indianapolis Redlvécys has alia the aitention of the entire tremsit world . . . no wonder 27 per cent more persons ride cars and cpqches feday than five ¥

SWIFT. a and ECONOMICAL TRANS)

ORTATIC