Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 December 1937 — Page 11

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agabon From Indiana=Ernie Pyle I

Wanderer Crosses ‘Lost Horizon' Into Molokai Colony for Lepers; |

Seeks to Pierce Veil of Mystery. |

aLatrara, Island of Molokai, Hawaii, |

~ Dec. 31.—You who read this will not be | ely 'to recognizé the name of Kalaupapa. © But you have heard of Molokai. The dreaded and mysterious leper" colony. The ‘martyring place of Father Damien, who died Jeper’s death. In’ Hawaii it is called only Kalaupapa, and that s what I shall call it from now on. For pronounciation, just pretend the “u” isn’t there, and then go ahead and say it. It is a rare thing for a layman to get to Kalaupapa. Those who do are usually here only a few hours. But by an odd series ‘of circum-

stances I have been permitted to come here for as much time as I

Kalaupapa has been dramatized and fictionized until it is known : over the world today as a spot of veiled mysticism, a cursed place where cursed men are banished to await death, and a place where

Yo martyrs sacrifice their lives in a beautiful attenuation

of human suffering. Many of the things that have been written about Kalaupapa are not true. There is drama here—intense, awful drama. It is a human place. Once ycu

a are here, there is no mystery about it.

Molokai is the first island south of Honolulu. We came here by plane. The first surprise is that you can

“get here in 35 minutes.

= set a shoe box on the table. ~~ Molokai.

The second bubble to be pricked is the general helier that the whole island of Molokai is a restricted

ruth is, the leper colony occupies 10 square miles at of Molokai’s:-whole area of 260. The rest of Molokai is just like the other. islands—on it lie little ~Myillages, and vast pineapple plantations, and cattle ‘ranches. Airplanes and boats call daily.” The popula-, . tion is around 6000, compared .to Kalaupapa’s total

of around 500.

Molokai is a long narrow island. Suppose you That would represent And then put a tiddlywink on the table up against the shoe box, along about the center.’ That would be Kalaupapa—both in relative size, and relative altitude above the sea.

Crater Rises in Center ook

. Kalaupapa is a triangular spit of land, like, an ‘arrowhead. It is about two miles across the base, and a mile and a half from base to point. It is flattish

and rocky, except for an ,old blown-out crater rising :

not very high in the center.

The spit is surrounded on two sides by ocedn, .And on the third side rises an appallingly sheer rocky cliff, of

nedrly 2000 feet high. . The cliff cannot be ascended in any. form, shape or * fashion except by one . narrow. horse-trail, over 'a

* switchback path ascending like needlework up| the -

‘face of this frightening wall. * Qur plane’s course, took us right down the center

: of the island. Symmetrical pineapple fields lay spread

Jos 7 iq

below us. In the spots where there was no pineapple . the earth lay bare and gashed by erosion, and astound"ingly red. And there, far below—sticking out arrow-like from the base of a cliff, lay the promontory that is Kalaupapa. The airport runway at the far point, the lighthouse on a rise behind it, the old crater farther back, and right underneath us, right. on the ocean’s . shore and snug up at the base of the cliff. lay the unreachable, the untouchable leper colony of Kalaupapa.

My Dia ry By ‘Mes. “Eleanor Rac re oy :

I 1s Well to Shay Where You Are Because News May Arrive Suddenly.

r ASHINGTON, Thursday. —Here I am back in Washington after a rather diversified two days! 1 filed ‘my column yesterday morning in Fargo, N. D,;

3 and it'was lucky for me in several ways that I did

it so early, for soon after I had finished it, a number

. of ladies kindly came to visit me at the airport. They

“were full of kindly suggestions and wanted to take me to see their city. They offered me all kinds of

~ hospitality.

‘However, we were waiting for word that the airport in Minneapolis had cleared sufficiently for land- * ing purposes and I have learned that it is well to ‘stay where you are, for news may come suddenly. * Sure enough, the pilot came out and announced: “We take off in five minutes.” I hoped this meant we would make Chicago by

air. We only made Minneapolis, however, and then ‘we were driven over to a train which brought us into

“Chicago at 7:30 p. m: It was a most comfortable and delightful train, with very excellent food, but as my interest was entirely in reaching home, I didn't relax ane enjoy ‘myself in the way which might have been le under other conditions. “I.was met in Chicago by Mr. C. R. Smith who said

: 5 rE the “ceiling” had been variable all day, but he hoped .' that when we reached the airport it would be over

an 500 . 0:

" Plans Are Completed

feet so I'could make:the rest of my journey by At.8 o'clock, it Cleared, and I completed my trip

“by plane.

I greeted my nephew, Henry Roosevelt, and his ois.

ter, Eleanor, at 8:30 breakfast. From then on, I have

« been busy picking up the threads of life here. I find . my mother-in-law and my sister-in-law are perfectly

; ¢3 well and enjoying themselves, and all the plans for

tonight's party are completed. One of the household has gone to bed with interostal neuralgia and one of our guests is in bed with ‘a cold, and I am praying for no more casualties.

Those’ who are well, seem to be very well, and I am

certainly glad to see the boys. My daughter-in-law, Betsy, has done many things me while I have been gone, and I realize more and how thankful we should be- for people who can on some of the activities which we may have to . Of course, if it were not for Mrs. Helm and . Scheider, we would ‘all of us be lost most of the -

g = a A i . . I think ‘I know how Ulysses must have felt when ge came back from journeys. Everybody has ‘been 1 ting me as though ‘I have been on a really advengp trip. As a matter of fact, if it were not for : ‘uncertainty of every move, nothing could have more comfortable. Judging by the activities it me, I feel that the next few days will be busy, ‘very pleasant.

lew , Books Today

ic Library. Presents—

ENT book concerning a bit of English history,

E STUARTS. by Sir Charles A. Petrie, bart. ; pictures the lives of the four male s of oe Stuart family: James I, whose kingship ‘England ‘and Scotland; Charles I, the martyr Charles II, King of the Restoration, which folthe reign of Oliver Cromwell and the Commonand James II, who lost his throne through gment and a misunderstanding of the temper people. - The many letters and authentic: docuquoted, enable us to see how the subjects of rulers were affected by the events of the day, ‘how the character and life of each king were

By Science Service IVILIZATION arose net "because any one “superior” people made it

- ferent kinds of peoples mingled in a great melting pot, Prof. W. M.. Krogman of Western Reserve University, - Cleveland, told the scientists here today. “We can no longer accept’ the dictum that a given people created a given civilization,” Prof. Krogman said.

types in Western Europe, he finds that at the dawn of history the three physical types, the long-headed Nordics and - Mediterraneans, and the rounded-

ed where. they now are and were essentially modern in

type. The so-called “racial” lines in Europe were drawn before kings and dictators began to interfere with human history, Prof. Krog-

man observed. ~ By studying more than 65( burials, ranging in date from. about 5000 B. C. to 1500 A. D. in Syria and Asia Minor, Iran *(Persia) and northwestern India, Prof. Krogman watched peoples “and civilization on the march. “All progress in cultural history has been not only cumulative but co-operative,” Prof. Krogman concluded. “The mingling of peoples has fertilized civilization. ~ “We Know now that the Mediterraneans, probably arising from the Paleolithic Cro-Magnons, were the basic population of the southern: half of Eurasia. In the great

‘ever, there emerged the Nordic type which in a great ‘Folk-War - dering’ of about 2000 B. C. spread an: Indo-European civilization. Meanwhile the = round-headed

‘slowly gathering impetus so that in time the Alpine-Slavic wedge ‘n Central Europe hemmed the Mediterraneans in their'southerly home and restricted the Nordics to their Oe destination,

the ‘Middle Fast, from uel, :qnia "to Central Asia; formed a

mingling of peoples. Mediterraneans > met emergent vancing round-headed hordes.” As a minor refrain Asiatics and Negroids made sporadic appearances. :. “The | ‘Indus Civilization,’ the ‘Sumerian Civilization,” the ‘Cuil-

"O0we to one another ideas gained in contact and themes elaborajed from a common pattern. Eurcpe, “in time, received the best of these ideas and patterns—not from one

all peoples of all ages.” Tn 2 2 Tuberculosis Fight "JUBERCULOSIS, leprosy, the L' “skin lesion” disease of caitle, Johne’s disease, rat leprosy.and a group of diseases of rodents. of

cold-blooded animals like snakes and frogs and of birds all are

have three things in common, Dr. Esmond R. Long of the Henry Phipps ' Institute, University of Pennsylvania, pointed out. : I One of these is the ability to ‘hold a‘ red dye or stain even when washed in acid. The second com-

germs is that when they get into the body of any animal, including _ man, they cause the multiplication and accumulation of one type of cell, the large scavenger cell called a monocyte, and its subsequent development into ‘another type. of cell. A third common characteristic is the possession of

what itis, but because dif--

headed Alpines, werg locat:

Aralo-Caspian Steppe. area, how-

»movement from East: to"West was

great ‘melting-pot’ a vast comHere early .

Nordics and both encountered ad-

ture of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley,’ the ‘Egyptian ‘Dynasties’ all

people, not from one age, but from

caused by germs or bacteria, which:

mon characteristic of all these

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1937

Science and the

Explodes Theory One “Supe rior ' People Created a Civilization. :

Speaking of the human

‘Dr. George Birkhoff, who assumed his duties as Association presideni, this week’ (right), chats with Pref. and Mrs. Otis Caldwell during

one of the sessions. Dr. Birkhoff is University. :

certain chemical components eacn of which is responsible for certain phases of the germs’ behavior.

Otherwise, the germs found in all these different diseases are quite unlike. To add to the confusion, they can be made even more unlike in the laboratory. One kind ‘of germ can be given food that will make _its descendants quite different. from the: original germ. Another complication is that. the same germ can cause different diseases in different animals. For example, the germ which causes tuberculosis of the lungs. in humans causes a .pragressive fatal disease in guinea ‘pigs and ‘a mild disease, tending to: clear up without treatment; in rabbits. x

“In addition to the variability of thie germs, the body cells of the animals attacked are equally variablz. Less is known .about their chéngeability than about that of -the germs. The interplay of these two ‘variables is what causes the great variability of the ‘diseases, Dr. Long pointed out.' Although each new fact discovered by scientific research seems to make ‘the picture more complicated, bacteriologists still hope to put’ all the puzzling facts together in-such a way as to’'learn how all these germs are related, how they produce human and animal disease and how they can’ be conquered ¢ and the disease wiped out.

§ 2 8 8 Best Sellers Mediocre:

M AN was just as easy to fool 5 . "some 500 years ago as he is

; SE, Br Georg Sarton, editorcof” |

Isis and historian of science, has colicluded from a study of “most popular authors” and “best sell= ers” among earliest printed books, ‘incunabula or books printed before 1501. ‘The great majority ‘of. contemporary authors whose writings: were printed in those days were unknown and mediocre, Dr. Sarton told ‘the History of Science So=ciety this afternoon. The history of the transmission of knowledge is just as important as the history of its discovery, Dr. Sdrton declared. For this reason, conducting his researches as a Larnegie Institution associate in the: Harvard Library, he is: now giving special attention to the critical period in the diffusion of “knowledge that was ushered in by the invention of printing. z

Ls Rn ~y . ° Com Without Soil CE ‘with n6 cornfield soil A around its roots has been - grown in big galvanized-iron tanks at the Ohio Agricultural Station, Wooster, O. The Sxperi. ments were Feponied by Drs. J. D Sayre and V. H. Morris. The tanks were covered inside with ‘asphaltum to prevent zinc Poisoning. The corn either. stood on wire netting covered with excelsior, or in ‘pockets of gravel.

See This Page Tomorrow * For | Firsboding 1938"

"Europe Faces a

Side Glanges—By © lark

mazred by these same momentous happenings. | &

ance an exact guide book and a colorful his. : WEST POINT TODAY by Kendall Banning |

|| much reduced ‘un structure of the industry is re-

‘mathematics professor at Harvard

Fertilizer salts were supplied in water from beneath. The corn was raised for various tests, including resistance to diseases and insect pests, also for comparison of root systems of various hybrid strains.

o ” ”

Sap Flow a Riddle

rHY will sugar-carrying sap flow readily into very

young corn leaves; but not ino

older ones?

That is only one new riddle about sap flow discovered in investigations which Dr. W. BE. Loomis of Iowa State College reported today. Among other - interesting but unexplained facts are:

Foods in solution will move

elting

By Anion Scherrer. Boats Plied the Old Canal Giving Best and Cheapest Transportation’ » From Yellow Bridge to Crown Hill, Ji, XCEPT for Elmer E. Scott, Attorney and’

Counselor at Law over in the Fletcher Trust Building, I wouldn't be able to tell you

i ti:at, once upon a time, it was nothing out’

of the ordinary for people to be hauled to.

Crown Hill in a canal boat. It was the best and cheapest way of getting there. : on Decoration Day, says Mr. Scott. What's’ ‘move, it was the only way if you didn’t have a horse and’

buggy. The voyager started at the ‘ ‘Yellow Bridge on Michigan St. and landed somewhere on Armstrong Ave., North Indianapolis. From there it wasn’t far to walk to Crown Hill. As a matter of fact, the boat brought you nearer to Crown Hill than the streetcar brings ou to

| Ellenberger Woods today.

Talking over some new developments revealed at the American Association for the Advancement of Science parley here are Prof. George H. Shull, Princeton, and: Martha Scott, State Teachers College, Car-

bondale, 11. -

only out of old leaves, never into .

them.

If one leaf is darkened so that it" cannot ‘continue to produce

sugar, the materials which it con-

tains are. moved into the. stalk

and the leaf starves, even though there is plenty of food in the rest of the plant.

Developing: fruit exerts a powsrful influence on food movement in corn. After the ear is pollinated and grain formation begins, sugars: will move toward the ear from all

. parts of the plant.

Times Photos.

_.. Another group ‘of interested delegates caught by the camerman during a chat included ‘A. M. Wolfson (left) of Murray State Teachers College, Murray, Ky.; Mrs. Wolfson and Dr. W. T. M. Forbes, Cornell

University.

.They will’ . even move down from the top of a branch or sucker stalk to the

: base of the mother plant and then . up, to. the ear,

10 feet. from-

The meetings end tomorrow,

where they started. In contrast, the young ear without fertilized kernels of corn will starve if the leaves near and above 3 are removed.

By ERR" Bw ASHINGTON, Dec: '31.—President Roosevelt, in his special message t@- Congress 'setting forth the Administration’s program. .to encourage residential construction by private capital, pointed out that the basic problem of the- building industry. was that of finding a way of. adjusting the costs of housing to the consumer’s means. Although he recommended enactment of a legislative program to reduce costs of financing and to extend mortgage guarantees under the Federal Housing Administration, the President expressed the opinion that the success of the messures he proposed could not be assured by Governmental action alone. “It

ness of industry and labor to. cooperate in producing housing at costs that are within the reach of

| the mass of our people,” he said.

Although he announced his intention of calling a series of conferences with representatives of industry and labor to give building “a fresh start,” the Presideat set forth no concrete proposals for reducing construction costs. He made the point, - however, that if the building industry were to play a vital part in our economic system, “it must develop, as other great industries have developed. -the American genius for efficiert and economical large-scale production.” Failure of housing construction to meet the country’s needs is largely due to the faulty organization and workings of the building industry itself. The high costs~“which now impede building progress carinot be tii the whole

vamped and its methods mod:rnized.

A WOMAN'S VIEW

‘By Mrs. Walter Ferguson ou are proud to be living in &

number of picayune ‘businesses,

will depend mainly on the willing-|

democracy,’ aren't you? You claim the right of self-government? Then do something to prove yourself capable of self-government. Congress is almost persuaded to bring up the . Ludlow ga oy

| which would submit: to the states a ' |'constitutional amendment fii

a nation-wide vote before wars aggression’ could be declared. . Congressmen and Senatcrs know perfectly well that the sentiment of the? “home folks” favors such an amendment. They know that the

most Americans who considered it

| a step forward in human progress. | 1 And the “home folks™ are getting | }

wise to this war stuff.- They are

familiar with all.

Kellogg Pact, which outlawed war | . as a national policy, was favored bl

S#3n-wn age of large-scale: fina ne= ne, power, and mass production,” says A. C. Shire, former chief engineer of the FHA, “we have the anachronism that the oldest and one of the largest of our industries, concerned with the production of one of the three essentials of life, is highly resistant to progress, fols lows practices developed in the days of handwork, operates as a large

overloaded with a whole series. of overheads and profits, is bogged down by waste and inefficiency, is unable to benefit by advancing productive techniques in other fields, and isstied down to ar obsolete and costly: system of land iili=stion, » : 2 8 HE key to the disabilitiés of the building industry ‘is its lack of integration. In the steel indusiry, a single organization usually coxnirols all phases of production from the mining of ore and coal to the manufacture of the finished product. In the building industry, as A. F. Bamis has pointed out: “Instead of there being a single organization to purchase the land, manufacture - the materials, handle the financing, and attend fo the construction, these operations are divided among different subgroups, which are often as disorganized as the work of ' construction itself. These subgroups, instead of working together to produce the best house

practically. obtainable at minimum

cost, are interested primarily in promoting the use of their own particular products or services. Instead of great central establishments at the top; co-ordinating the other branches and producing the final product: in: Quanity and ready

Faulty Organization Seen as Cause For Lag in-Building Industry

final] agent, conducting what may be termed a retail business of erecting a few houses annually.” 4

® 8 =n

HE small-scale operations whici:.

characterize the building industry are a prolific source of waste. Small contractors ‘are unable to maintain permanent organizations, to make savings in material costs through quantity purchases, to buy expensive -labor-saving machinery, or to experiment with new materials and building methods.

Fabrication of houses on the site means that each building or group of buildings is an operation in itself involving. different combinations cf men and organizations. Lack. of permanent productive organizations has made it difficult to improve the quality and reduce the cost of hous-

Labor costs constitute about 37 per cent of the construction ‘costs of a house, while materials account. for 63 per cent of this cost. Hourly and weekly wages in the building industry are much higher than comparable earnings in other industries, but high wage levels signify the attempt of the strongly organized building-trades werkers to protect themselves against irregular employment.

Figured on a yearly basis, wages

in the building trades are probably

little, if at all, higher’ than similar |"

earnings in other ~industries.: A survey of building-trades workers in Ohio showed that annual earnings averaged above $1600 during the sixyear period 1924-1929. By 1931, however; annual wages: had declined to $1328 and by 1933 to $821. The average annual wage in 1934 was $959.

J asper—By F rank Owen

for: delivery ‘to ‘the -gonsumer, we ‘have a local builder who is often the |

not get for ‘himself.

The first boat left at 8 o'clock in the morning. After that, there was -

a boat every two hours. The last Mr: Scherrer

| one left at 6 o’clock in the evening, and wes used mostly by love-sick swains who liked to

do their courting in a graveyard. You have no idea 10w. many successful marriages got their start in Crown Hill, The: fare was 10 cents each way, with no. reduction . for the round trip. The voyage was under ‘the ausbices of the Indianapolis Water Co.’ They: kept the

| money, too, but it wasn’t all velvet, because they had | to pay the expenses, whick, of course, included the | cost of advertising the enterprise.

I happen to know aboui; the advertising, because

Mr. Scott has a newspaper of May 30, 1885, with a | boxed ad carrying the caption: Boat for Crown Hill,

That was a big day for the Water Works people because, besides being Decoration Day, it was also Sate urday. Youd be surprised to learn how many -suce Sossiul marriages around here got Wher start on Saturday, ;

Canal Merits Notice

Wall, Mr. Scott’s rhapsody avout the good. old days got me to thinking that the canal is still con- - spicujus enough both in its topographical and economic aspects to merit notice. iAt one time, the canal looked as if it was going to amount to something. It turned out, though, that the eight-or-nine-mile section from the feeder dam in the river at Brosd Ripple to and through Indianapolis was all that was ever completed of the “Central Canal,” which wes one of the big improvemen's contemplated by the State in 1836. ~~ To be sure, in places it was almost completed for

; 25 or 30 miles south of tiie city, and nearly as far i north, but nothing was done with it, and it was

| left to be overgrown with weeds and underbrush. - Brandt Steele, for instance, turns up every once in a while with reports that he has seen signs of the old canal as far south as Martinsville. I guess anybody could do the same i he liked weeds as well as Mr. Steele does. After the State lost interest in the canal, it sold what was left of it to the Central Canal Hydraulic { and Water Works Co. That company sold it to others until finally it passed into the hande of the pecple who established the water works system of Inclianapolis. : ; ‘Of course, there’s a lot more to tell about the old canal, but I guess it's enough to show why the Water Works people had: a hand in hauling people to Crown Hill.

Jane Yordan—=

University Extension Courses Are

Cures for inferiority Complexes.

De JANE JORDAN—My husband was reared in a family of 138 where there was scarcely enough money to keep- body and soul together. When he finished grade school there was no: thought of further education for him. Since he was young and had no encouragemant from home, he was only too glad to get away from a few boys in school who loved to howl and jeer at his ragged clothing. Today he realizes his need of an education. He admires those who havea had a high school. education but keeps his distance from them because he has an inferiority complex which is growing worse every day. He has no reason to feel this way because "he is a very intelligent young man, neat and clean and good to me and the baby. He is capable of conversing sensibly with anyone. I have tried to clevate his opinion of himself and have urged him to study at the 'Y. M. C. A. but he says. “No, I am ‘00 old now, but I will live again in our son.” Of course I want our son to have what he needs in life, hut I don’t think it is too late for my husband. I am only 20 years old and have had no experience in coping with. an inferiority complex and I am at my wit’s end. It breaks my heart to see him hide away from people when I know he is just as good as anyone else. He is 30. Can you tell mé how to help him? YOUNG WIFE AND MOTHER.

» ® 2

Answer—You are doing all you can for your huse band by showing him that you admire, respect and believe in him. In spite of his hard and bitter child= hood he has manage to earn a living and win the love of a woman. Now the only major thing he has to do is to overcome nis social shyness and fear of people. Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that he has to overcome his hostility toward others— a hostility that began when other boys jeered at his ragged clothing. Help him to see that when he hides from others he really is trying to hide his own anger and envy at * the superior advantages they have had. These feelings are hard to recognize in one’s self. We do not like to admit deep-seated hatred for others and because we feet so guilty about it we place the blame. on ourselves as your h d has done. “Because I am not edu= cated I am not a fit companion for intelligent people.” Of course this is nonsense. The biographies of sug cessful men should teach him how many have succeeded with no more academic education than he has had. Not only the Y. M. C. A. classes, but. the extension | courses of Indiana anc Butler University are available for adults who warit to add to their Your husband feels too sorry for himself. We can feel deep sympathy fo: the hardshipseof his childhood. Such an experience leaves its mark and early defeats are indeed hard to live down. It is not fair for him to expect to realize his lost ambitions in his son-for often this places too great a

| | strain on the child who should be allowed to dev | | in'bis ‘own way. At 30 your husband should be inter- | | ested in his own achievements and

should not look to ‘a child to provide him with satisfactions which he will : JANE JORDAN.

Put. your | problems in a letter to Jane Jordan, who will ; _ answer Jour questions in this jselumn daity.

‘ great open spaces of : % word) for their health.