Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1937 — Page 7
: SDAY, DEC. 80,
Views Vary E: On Teaching
7, Some Mothers Shocked by
' have been: pressed by mothers, not |
Of Biology
~ School Revelations, Writer Says.
By OLIVE ROBERTS BARTON
During the past week or two, 1
* ‘about ‘telling the truth of Santa
. Claus, but something far ‘more real- |
°. istic—birth.
:,Schools . almost : everywhere are
, taking the matter of revelation into
ology from the word “go.”
their own ‘hands, and teaching bi‘One mother. is shocked because her 13-year-old daughter came -home and
* told about a baby they had in a
bottle. I suppose it was a fetus; or |. the embryonic stage of the tinborn.
. child. She did not seem to.know.
Another is worried because her
- 77-year-old was in a class which witnessed a mother guinea pig give
birth to her babies. This had been | &
led up to, naturally, by talks on seeds,
' eggs and the development of eggs
inside the body. It was all done carefully and naturally, but yet, the
4 fact remains that the children saw ., more than their mothers could coun-
~ tenance.
* wump then I am. I sit on a fence |
i The Pros and Cons I wish I were less of a mug-
and whisk myself first to one side
and then the other. I see where it- is wise, and high time too, to take the child by the hand and
* show him, or her, the strange mar-
vels of reproduétion. But then, too,
= I see stark realism shoving in where “* the angels like to go.
I just wonder what the price will
* be some day when we learn to look * “at the flower only in terms of nitro-
gen and chemistry, or the human:
: <body only in terms of glands and © functions.
But I haven’t answered the ques-
i+ tion yet, of whether all this educa- : © tiun meets with oy approval or not,
as the appeal is r+ ~this way
“usually: made in
Dislikes Giving Views :
I wish I had not been consulted, as my voice is only one and doesn’t matter. But here’s how I feel, if
anyone wants to know.
Educational methods are usually worked out to a degree of what approximates perfection. Not always, but mostly. Experiment has to be tried and the best selected.
®' If the study of biology/now is pre- © sented universally, for my letters == come from various points of the
compass, then most assuredly do I believe that the system has been
' tried and not found wanting.
I don’t like it and I do, for mothers
¢: have been depending on someone +7 -else besides themselves to take the
burden. They waited too long. Now
> they have what they wanted and . they are not quite prepared for it.
- nr
as
.. bilities.
a=
A
+: very essential and sweet.
- Approach Subject Cautiously
‘My idea. is that the, whole. subject. should be approached only with an eye on ‘age, and: the child’s avility to understand and accept without bruising his sensiWe - can start things as well as stop them. We can educate and at the same time kill soflesing 2
turning realistic with a vengeance,
- _,.and in the future extreme realism |
. will collect some kind of price.
z las- somehow toughen us.
reduced to their formuI still
~~ think that childhood has its right
Se
p 3
a,
_ to take certain things for granted) . without too many details; -
Just . enough to guide and help iti We certainly needed a light and now we are getting it. But will biology, made an. experiment of * school rooms, fill the bill? ‘No ohne in our * generation will know. I am ‘not here to answer. ? £4
: Today’s Pattern
gm seas: 1 ines’ nb trim;
tajlored finish are allied in ‘the
om -
Black
|
Frances Dee, Paramount star,
and a bolero of genuine mink,
goes “high hat” in a creation by.
Jacqueline Duvall of Hollywood. Soft black velour is draped into Ri severe high crown with one side flanked ‘with iridescent blue breast feathers. Miss Dee's costume also includes a black crepe uryume dress
his supper? “Yes” seems to be the
sniff the evidence before we sniff at
Marjorie Hillis (the Marjorie of “Live Alone and Like It”), their combined, efforts and experience in studying males and the problems of ‘single girls and their entertaining have produced “Corned Beef and Caviar.” It tells a girl how to be a hostess on a tiny salary er on a fat and generous one. ‘When you ask a teetotaler to dinner’ give him tots of rich food and sweets, they suggest. Meat loaf ‘is a rich, yet ‘easy main dish to’ serve the teetotaler who gets himself invited to your tiny apartment for dinner. Bachelor Girl Meat Loaf
One pound chopped beef, 1 Ib. (Serves 4, with plenty left-over) chopped veal, !; 1b. chopped fresh pork, ¥% 1b. sausage meat, 1 egg, 1 continue to bake until well browned. cup bread crumbs, 1 can tomato soup, salt and pepper. Mix all these together, grease a teetotaler is Cream of Tomato Soup, Meat Loaf with Mushroom
in. it. oven (375 degrees F.) for 20 minutes, then. lower heat a little and The menu recommended ‘for the Sauce, Spinach and Carrots Vichy,
‘Shells with Ice Cream, Coflee. lots of men won't. like. it.
If your male guest happens to be a food-fancier, the authors of
will serve a little supper like: this: Green Turtle Soup, Brook Trout, Amandine; New Potato Balls, Green Salad With Frozen Cheese, Crepes: with Orange Marmalade, Black Coffee. Better have a part time maid to help serve this.
Frozen Cheese (Serves 2 heartily)
One-half pound cottage cheese; 1 pound Roquefort cheese, 1 tablespoon finely chopped chives, Worcestershire sauce, salt and
‘pepper. a : Chop the two cheeses together and then force through a strainer. Add
'sufficient cream to make a smooth
paste, then add chives and seasoning. Freeze in the automatic refrigerator or in a small ice-cream freezer. Cut and serve with the
Club Mestings
Butler Ave.; is to he hostess on Monday for the Irvington Woman's Club, “Christian Science” and “Mary Baker Eddy” are topics to be discussed by Miss Jennie H. Brown, > 2 ee.
: The Monday Conversation Club is
to meet Monday at the home of Mrs.
Charles Yoke. “The Miracle of England” is to be discussed by Mrs, ElG. Furbee and Mrs. Edwin A. Bue by 2 ¢ : » S The General. Artur St. Clair chapter of the. Daughters of -the American Revolution is to meet on fe atthe home of Mrs. War-
flattering dress shown in Pattern|w, 1,
Most Hungry Men Will Like Hearty Meal of Meat Loaf|
By MRS. GAYNOR MADDOX
Can a saucepan sing with’ merriment? Can a recipe dance to the stove and into the living room where your nice young man is waiting for
answer. A publisher’ just sent me a
book, saying, “I'm sure you will say this is a cook book with a lilt.” Let's
it.
According to Bertina Foltz and?
meat leaf pan and place mixture Place, in . moderately hot |
Hot. Rolls, Grape Jelly, Meringue’ But |
“Corned Beef and Caviar” hope you
—— ¢ . - ” — Mrs. Clifford E. Wagoner, 215 S. |:
o| water and bul each’ el
green salad. -Qu te a tidbit and most likely to impress your intelligent guest. - If you happen fo be entertaining the “perfect gentleman,” . Misses ‘Hilles and -Foltz beg you to try Bananas in Rym.
Bananas in Rum
Bananas, butter, brown sugar and rum, depending on the size of your gentleman. Peel and split bananas in half, lengthwise. Place in buttered baking dish. . Dot liberally with. brown sugar. Pour rum over them. Bake in hot oven for about 15 minutes.. All: of the above recipes are supposed to help thé bachelor girl get her man with a meal. A laudable ambition -and quite an inspiration to better cooking.
Style, Comfort Are Combined In Smart Shoes
By ALICIA HART : Gone are the days when it was.
ful job to find beauty and comfort in the same pair of shoes. Slender, trimly ‘graceful pumps ‘were .or dress-up and one didn’t consider
wearing them to the office or-on a shopping tour. I'or these, and like occasions, flat-heeled, none-too at-' tractive boots ‘were the Orfler of the day. Now, however, the shoes i girl wears to the office are smart. enough for tea or dinner after working hours. Only for active sports are the very sensible looking models stressed. Even these are beautiful in a rugged way.
medium heel is best. Unless you have unusual arches, exaggerated spike heels will throw your weight forward, making back and legs tired and cramping toes. Save these for more formal hours. Before you huy an.office shoe that you have a feeling won't be very comfortable, do look for: the newer, smarter everyday types with highish variations}
of your. old friend, the Cuban hel. ‘These go with any type of day dress,
silk or wool. - Woot Attention Needed
One who has chronic foot ailments ought to see a reputable foot doctor and follow his advice. For |5€ general foot conifort and for beauty, too, a weekly pedicure is advisable. Always cut toenails straight across, snip away the corners with sharp scissors, then smooth rough edges with the coarse: side of an emery board. This, and the rest~of the pedicure, should be done immediately after a leisurely warm tub bath when toerails are flexible and the cuticle around them‘is softened.
stick which hes been wrap cotton and dipped in cutigle ri or olive oil. Rinse in Wii
jority of women put br: on toenails only. during th months and use a puffer a little more vigorously fall, winter. Spa jot | spring.
; Ee ity: Heads.
an unpleasant and often unsuccess- |
For walking and general wear, a’
CHILDREN we E SPINACH CROPS |
3 Per Cent Yearly Due : To. Fusarium. Wilt. Signting. didn’t say haw, Yong’ it
would be before : ‘the spinach ‘would all be gone, but’ what they did say|ma
‘should please future generations of
children The : ‘annual spinach crop 1s at me rate of 3 per n ly, the, cont earn 8 y x. Cook ‘and’ Ti 3. Nugent, ark A ai scientists, reported this finding in a paper which was read - at ‘a meeting ‘of ‘the American Phytopathological Society here yesterday. ' The man blamed Fusarium wilt, a plant disease, for thé’ annual loss.
in late August and in September,
‘only 10 per cent of the entire ~grop was saved, they said.
“Symptoms. of the disease dn the dull green, limp: foliage followed by
‘wilting, ‘destruction of the fibrous
roots, ‘black lesions on the top root:
‘amd brown - discoloration. of the
stele.”
“stunting, yellowing and wilting of the outer leaves, a reduced root system and brown discoloration.”
Adoption of State Pest
Survey Plan Urged
‘The American Association of Economic Entomologists had been urged today to have all States gdopt insect pest surveys based on thej, general plan now in use in Indiana, Kansas and Connecticut. Dr. Roger C. Smith, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, who gave the report, said fhe surveys would, at some time in the future, prove valuable "in the control of pests. “It is expected,” he said, “that at some convenient period, possibly 25 years, a special study of these annual summaries will be made to determine cycles and other facts which may help in anticipating outbreaks when fundamental facts of wether and existing popHistions at hand. .
Surveys Are Stimulated
“The annual summary forms are repositories of all the information known or available in the State about the forms for the year. The Federal grasshooppér surveys have stimulated gathering such information in the Central West and a poll of States showed a number preparing to begin them.” Dr. Benjamin Koehler, University of Illinois, predicted that in 1938
~thalf of fhe. corn .acreage in the
northern: half of the corn belt will be. planted with hybrid seed. -“A revolution is in progress in the method of corn production,” he said. “This change has increased the business of seed houses many fold because the average individual farmer does not have the specialized training nor the equipment or faciljues for producing his own hybrid
Prevents Break in Coat
“With the enormous increase in volume of seed handled by seed growers, mechanical methods of handling the ears have largely been substituted for hand handling. This often results in damage of seed coats. A break in the seed crown is an open door for rapid infection of the kernels by corn disease germs harbored in the soil “In test plots planted entirely to crown-injured seeds, the yields of
per cent lower than in ir plots planted with sound seed.”
Studies of Mysterious Cosmic Rays Reported
Today is “cosmic ray” day as the scientists who study this mystérious and piercing radiation meet under, the auspices of the American Physical Society. The research team from California Institute of Technology— Drs. Pobert A. Millikan, I.S. Bowen
of cosmic radiation which occurred
lying blanket of air. Increasin it is becoming evident that e varied. and paradoxical findings gained earlier at sea-level are ‘merely a hodge-podge of “cosmical,” unseeable, but real electric “rain” which spatters off the “roof” of the atmosphere as’
‘the incoming cosmic rays are ab-
sorbed, they reported. In words, more than 95 per cent’
ther’ f all
cosmic radiation actually. observed |
at the surface of the earth 4s not generated in distant space, as once supposed, but is within the earth’s atmosphere as the incoming rays
destroy air atom and molecule. Push cuticle back with an orange Hestoy
Going beyond—or rather above—
in | most ofthis. debris, the California |.
ve been = ‘studyin oy BaVS Borers
mr ‘the incoming primary rays b 2 ‘they ‘ha: died their Ey death— | . that Shey create & host, i ee. have shown that.| = Sospmic. TAys apparently do not: ‘have
prolific
possible energies but that. ihe
‘LOSING ROUND *
Virginians Say Pl say Plant Fading |
In ‘some. fields of ‘spinach, planted tun
young plants,” they -explgined, “are{
In older. plants, symptoms are} ¥
He
grain produced were consistently 25 in
and H. V. Neher—reported studies | at nearly the tops of earth’s over- |
| great mass of them have energies| “jot more than , 5,000,000 electron5 ols, and Jess than 30,000,000 elec~
* (Copyright, 1087,
the ‘tininformed ‘person
Am
3 SHS
wei: To ie Ae “Able / Beauty, Birkhoff Finds
1s. the. trained art student or critic really as good a judge of art ds Is ‘who unconsciously follows his likes or dislikes? This question’ was raised ‘by a leading mathematician and stude esthetics,» Dr, George D. ‘Birkhoff, Harvard University, president of the ‘the Advancement of Science. Beauty: In ‘artistic forms can be expressed in cold mathematical fgures, Dr. Biikhoff has found. Although you may not be aware of it, your
Science. Service)
nt of
appreciation "of a prétty girl, flower, ‘Or; a rare. vase depends upon: such matters as the regularity of’ their. outlines and their geometsieal relations—matters which can : analyzed and evaluated mattiegatioally ‘You may not pay attention tg the length. of a girl's nose;; not ca. her pretty. Dr. Birkhoff has found’ ‘mathema-. tical ‘formula’ to express the: ‘beauty of such delights to the eye and also the beauty appealing to ‘the: ear in
poetry. That ‘doesn’t mean that tin’ pen. alley can: take: the formula and mechanically * “bang ou beautiful
“There. ‘would “be the same difference as between discovering a diamond and. g its. value,” Dr. BirkHoff said.” ‘But Dr. Birkhoff. found. it difficult to set up an unmelodic sequence
‘of notes which would be given a
high rating according to the mathematical. formula. “And it: is impos sible to find a: tamiliar melody that / score low Pesenotogists testing out Dr. Birkhoff’s theory have found that ratings according to his mathematical formulae agree very well indeed with the judgments of unsophisticated persons who are influenced by unconscious considerations.= In the case of trained art or music students following conscious standards of judgment, however, the ratings did not agree so well with those of the mathematical formulae.
GAINS MADE IN FIGHT ON VIRUS DISEASES
New Approach to Study of Cancer Hinted.
(Continued from Page One)
virus diseases still represent an unconquered field. erica lost 27,789 men overseas e World War. The influenza outbreak of 1918 killed 400,000 people in this country. Public health officials ‘have feared another outbreak ever since. : Last summer the nation was threatened with a major wave of infantile paralysis. The worst outbreak of ‘sleeping sickness in history occurred in the St.Louis region in 1933. ‘Yellow fever rages in parts of South America and Africa and public health, officials are particularly fearful that it may be intro-
plane traffic from tropical America. Viruses Are Invisible
While bacteria can be seen under the microscope, the viruses are invisible. They are so small that they can pass through the pores of the finest porcelain filters. Their nature was completely unknown until last year when Dr. Stanley established that the virus of the plant disease known as the tobacco mosaic disease was actually a chemical substance, a giant protein molecule, larger than any previously known molecule and possessing many characteristics that formerly had been thought to be the exclusive properties of living organismis, For this discovery, Dr. Stanley last year was awarded the $1000 prize offered annually for the outstanding contribution of the meet-
g: : ; : Speaking today; Dr. Stanley said he and his colleagues at the Rocke-
, | feller Institute had now succeeded
in isolating and identifying the pro-
| tein molecules which are the viruses
of a number of other diseases occuring ‘in plants and one occurring in animals, These include tobacco ring spot virus, latent mosaic of potato virus, severe etch virus, and Shope papilloma virus. They have also succeeded in establishing the existence
encephalitis.
_Papilloma Is Wart
“Unusual interest surrounds the Shope papilloma virus,” Dr. Stanley said. “Rous and Beard have found that the papillomas caused by’it in
‘domestic rdbbits usually progress
‘dnd bécome cancers.” Papilloma is the medical term for wart. While warts in: human beings are ‘almost always harmless, - there are: certain types which under cer‘tain: conditions become cancerous. “Dr. Stanley explained that in addition to using ordinary chemical methods in the study -of the viruses, use wes being made of the ultra‘centrifuge. This is a device in which materia? is placed in a container and then: whirled about at tremendous As a result, a centrifugal
speeds: force is. -ohtained: which is millions | only.
of times greater than any - other
a9
if it: were. longer, you would p
musical. harmony or melody and in’
professor of physics at the Massa-
' detect minute particles of radium in
duced. into the United States by air-|
of children.
his unending war of defense against
of a protein in the case of equine
MEDICAL PRIZE 1S AWARDED T0
Massachusetts Professor Is Winner for Detection of Radium in Body.
Dr. Robley D. Evans, assistant
chusetts Institute of Technology, today had been awarded the Theobald Smith award in medicine by the American Association for the Advancement of Science Council. He perfected instruments that
the human body and thus make possible the early treatment of radium poisoning. Winner of the $1000 for a noteworthy - paper was to be named and presented with his prize. The money is given anonymously.
Last night, the Association and the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa, national scholastic fraternity, honored Dr. George Lyman Kittredge, Harvard Shakespearian scholar, at the Murat Temple. He spoke on “Shakespeare and the Critics,” and insisted that Bacon did not write the plays Shakespeare is credited with. ‘The Indianapolis Symphony orchestra played a 45 minute concert under direction of Fabien Sevitsky. Hugh McK Landon, chairman of the committee which arranged the lecture, introduced Dr. Kittredge.
IQ Variable Factor, Child Expert Says
A child of average intelligence today may grow up to be a genius or feeble-minded, Prof. Beth L. Wellman, Iowa Child Welfare Research Station, told the association. She finds a child’s mental future depends upon his environment. An entire revision of previous concepts of intelligence to conform with newly discovered facts is demanded by Prof. Wellman. Your IQ is not a fixed inescapable fact with which you come into the world, she said. It can be increased or decreased according to your surroundings. “An individual who functions at a high level is one who keeps himself in trim by exercise and training in mental areas,” said Prof. Wellman. - ‘The mental surroundings of a child should be favorable for intellectual growih, she said, and his environment must change progressively as he grows older in-order to be as stimulating to him mentally at one age as another. Scientists of the future may look upon the human race of today as intellectually undernourished, Prof. Wellman prophesied. She sees no reason for not encouraging extreme upward. changes in the intelligence
“They are beneficial to the child and to society,” she said.
Science Finds New Insect: Weapon
Chemical science has equipped man with a new weapon for use in
insect hordes, Dr. Harold. H. Shepard and Frank W. Fisk of the Minnesota University Farm, St. Paul, announced today. The name of the compound fis methyl bromide. It combines bromine, ‘one of the earlier-tried of the war gases, with the radiclé that makes woed alcohol the unsafe stuff it is for internal application. , Methyl bromide seems to be good for use against insect pests on a number of fronts. It can be used for seed disinfection, for it kills the bugs and does not harm the seed. It can be used for various kinds of fumigation, with effects comparable
to those of hydrocyanic acid, yet it |
does not linger on, even as a bad smell. The presence of moisture seems to make it more effective.
force which could be applied to:the substances ‘under study. By this method, the proteins, which are the heaviest molecules. are separated: from the lighter molecules. Summarizing the impertance of the studies to date; Dr. Stanley said:
ultracentrifuge to discover a whole host of heavy virus = proteins the very existence of which was not unknown but - even. ‘unpre= disted only: three years ago.”
- gr em
“It has been’ possible through |. knowledge gained by the isolation . of tobacco mosaic virus protein by| chemical means and the use of the |
SCENE SHON ST ee * NATURE OF WATER BY DIRECT EVIDENCE, DR. HIBBEN REPORTS
Carnegie Expert Finds Use of Raman Spectra Technique : Is Now Revealing Facts: Unestablished by ‘Simple Hydrogen-Oxygen on Formulas.’
(Copyright, 1937, Science Service) x Scientists are disclosing by direct evidence the structural ashe of
that most familiar of all chemical compounds—common water. School boys and some trained chemists alike speak glibly of water as H20, ‘and then virtually dismiss it from further consideration. The reason for this superficiality, sai. Dr. James H. Hibben of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington before the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science here today, is that the simple formula H20 is about all that anyone: bas known directly about water until fairly recently.
scientists had been able to make surmises about the nature of water and on these surmises superimposed further speculation. Out of it all came some very intelligent guesses on the nature ‘of water but the re-
sult was, after all, Dreuy much hypothésis, he said.. The arrangement: of the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in the molecule, their distances apart and the binding energies between the atoms were all vital matters on which science relied on deduction for ifs conclusions, he continued.
Raman Spectra Idea Used
“The technique of Raman spectra in which liquids scatter intense light in peculiar fashion for analysis in - spectroscopes is the tool which is yielding first direct evidence of the structure of water,” said Dr. Hibben. “The lines on the spectrogram plates tell directly information about the configurations of .the atoms in molecules and the interatomic forces which bind molecules together.” Splashy, fluid water may seem the most spineless of all things, declared . Dr.. Hibben, but in reality measurements show it has a structure. In the frozen state of ice; of course, this structure is- very evident. But as one passes to the liquid state, the structure persists. Very cold water has a quite definite structure which can be likened to a sort of honeycomb through which the molecules of water move in and out of the framework. As the experimenter studies the structure at higher and higher temperatures, the water structure grows weaker but continues to persist. It does not disappear completely, said Dr. Hibben, until the critical ‘temperature of water is reached at 371 degrees centigrade. These measurements were carried out under pressure, he added, ' because water normally would boil at 100 degrees centigrade.
May Affect Chemical Studies
The powerful tool of Raman spectra studies has “al%0 disclosed new findings which may affect chemical industry, in particular the making of sulfuric acid and the manufacture of explosives where sulfuric ‘and nitric acid are both used have potential benefits to be derived from Dr. Hibben’s studies. “For many. decades,” declared Dr. Hibben, “it has been customary to write the formula for sulfuric acid as H2S04. As a result of Raman spectra investigations it can be demonstrated that d&t no time is this formula correct.” Fuming sulfuric acid has been shown to have the formula H2S207. Sulfuric acid, itself, appears to be essentially a solution of sulfur dioxide (S02) in,water. Similar studies on the nature of nitric acid, concluded Dr. Hibben, show that the commonly accepted formula of HNO3 is equally incorrect.
Hits Proposals for
Research Moratorium
In his address as retiring president. of the Botanical Society of America, Dr. ©. Stuart Gager, Brooklyn Botanic Garden director, characterized proposals to declare a 10-year moratorium in research as “sheer nonsense.” He cited the fact that even though revolution in Russia turned everything else upside down, the Soviets encourage and liberally support scientific research. ; “But we should also realize,” he
By experiment, Dr. Hibben added, ® ee
ing clominated by the State, which as in Russia and also in Germany (if we may rely on press dispatches), is liable to approve freedom of inquiry only when its results are in harmony with current political
doctrine.. Witness, for example, the
denunciation of genetics by Lyssenko because the political philosophy of Karl Marx teaches that all members of the proletariat are equal. “Science for politics is quite as futile as science for science’s sake.”
Life Held Process of
Orderly Arrangement
Life is basically a process wheres by things that are simple and random in arrangement in the none living state become complex. and definitely ordered in the. living condition, according to Prof. Ralph S. Lillie, University of Chicago. Search for ‘the secret of this organizing process was the subject of his address today as presiding officer of the association’s section on zoology. “The vital impulsg—whatever its ultimate nature may’ be—has as its natural tendency or effect the synthesis of beings or systems which combine with complex organization and activity a persistent and characteristic unity,” Prof. Lillie said. “No such integration is discernible in the materials before they are thus assembled and unified.” -
Partial glimpses of the means through which life controls and arranges its raw materials are given in such life processes as those of the genes. or hereditary units, of hormones or cell secretions, and of the still unidentified “organizer” substances . that decide where and what size and shape the various orgens of an animal shall be, he said. In the nonliving world, approaches tosthe same kind of process are seen ir. the “sell-reduplicative” activities of ultraviruses and bacteriophage.
{These are now ‘pretty generally
cknowledged to be large but nonliving protein molecules, he said.
Wheat Is Made To Order
Human parents would be highly pleased if they could tell ahead of time what their expected offspring was going to look like, or even Whether: it was to be boy or girl. Plant breeders have them beaten four ways from the ace. Dr. Fred N.: Briggs, University of California, Iodsy told his auclience of scientists that in 1939 a new variety of wheat will be born at the University experimental grounds at Davis, Cal. It should be in commercial production hy 1943. The new variety will be resistant to stem rust, smut, and Hessian fly. In addition, Dr. Briggs said, he and his colleagues know just what it will look like, how it will yield, where it will be adapted to grow, and how it will mill. Now all they need to do is go ahead and combine, by the backcrossing method, the parent stocks possessing the qualities they want to produce. They know they can do it, for they -have already made other strains to order in the same way. They have produced three varieties resistant to smut and are now in process of producing seven more. Two vanlgties - have been produced that are resistant to both stem rust and smut, and rust resistance is be-
ing added to two others.
warned, “the danger of science be-