Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1937 — Page 11

\Sugr Cane Plantation: Reminds One - Of the Old South in Slave: Days; They Are Self-Supporting * Units. TATALUA, Island of Oahu, Hawaii, Dec. ig 80.—In physical outline a sugar cane : plantation resembles ‘the great cotton plan-

= tations of our old South, during slave days. «* There are people wha. charge that the

T Hawaiian plantations are little more than

‘modernized slavery. But I am not inferring that; T use the comparison merely as descriptive of the im2 mensity of the organization. | Eh : . - A plantation is a hig: “Self - encircled ufit—with the owpers.and manager: at e top, a group “of white-collar men in between, and the: laborers at the bottom. It is a " business con Es rather than what we know as a farm.

_ It:has always been the custom. for 1 sugar plantations to provide -perquisites for their employees. This was -Jecessary because the vlantations ‘were isolated. Housing, stares : - and access tothe fundamental heeds of life had. to be provided by the plantation; there was no other way for. employees to get them. > > This system has remained, although now greatly altered. People in Hawaii say it is the best, in fact the only. workabja system: But the perquisites have been added to until today they are almost numberless. Every person who works on the plantation, from. highest 40 lowest,’ ives in a ¢éompany house, rent free. Some of the houses are as.0ld as the plantation, which is 38 years. Some are as modern as tomorrow, and the pai isnot yet dry on them, e seen the best and’ the ‘worst, and I've yet to see r I that comes ev n Within yelling distance of vy dismal" ny houses in West Virginia and around Pittsburgh. ls + It seems to mie: the. standard of living of these Orientals doing: the “muscle work” of the sugar cane fields is not only sky-high compared to.what they had “ in the Orient, but is'far-sbove that of our own white workmen: in the East’s'industrial centers. There are. three schools on the plantation, including a high school.- They are ¢omparable to the Hono--lulu schools, ang anybody will tell you the Honolulu schools are among. the" finest in America.

=. Furnish Fundamental. Needs

~The workers ‘ean trade at. the company stores, but they don’t have to. There is a little settlement of “free. men” qt the edge of town, with stores and barbershops - andl anigliguior § 5 nd the people can trade there if they wish. ~The plantation. ‘executi there is none of the Here ‘that we read about in

“company store. bondage’ the South. ‘Last year the ‘Waiglua- stores did $400,000 and made a profit of $5000, which

of busin isn’t much for that volume. Those are the fundamental needs furnished by the plantation—housing, medical service, the plantation has an ustrial service” division, run by a staff of moresthan a dozen people, who sit Up nights thinking of other things to do for the workers. i Gordon Virgo, former probation ‘officer of Honorata, is in charge of this. He has a chart showing all the subdivisions of activities that come under him. There are 78 items on the list. They run all the way from building swimming pools to superintending funerals.

Every one of the outlying camps has a playground. Transportation is furnished whenever there’ s any “big doins” in Waialua. ~ The plantation last year contributed $40,000 to the churches on the plantation. There are 300 musicians among the workers, and a 50-piéce band. There is every kind of athletic sport imaginable. There is a

"3 movie in each of the two main towns.

fit

on ed

\ J My Diary a i A

By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Weather Keeps Planes Grounded, Time Waiting Proves Not to Be Lost.

ARGO, N. D., Wednesday.—Back on a plane, having left the irain at Billings, Mont: ‘at 8 o'clock this

* morning. Af present we've had breakfast in Fargo

and are waiting for weather reports’ which we hops : will allow us to continue on our way. * Yesterday all wires were down along the ruiisosd for about five hours and I thought TI would never get my column filed in time. Today I'm taking no chances and am getting it off while we wait. 3 "I hope to be in Washington ‘tonight, but you may hear from me again somewhere along the road. It is g00d for my typing anyway, as I have to do it myself, but Iam a bit sorry for those who have to read it. ° One of the Christmas presents which I enjoyed the : moet, came to me just before I left Washington. I * tucked it into my brief case and knew I could spend - some-pleasant hours going through it. It is “The Desk _ Drawer Anthology,” compiled and selected by Alice Roosevelt Longworth and Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

American People Help

* In compiling this anthology, Alexander Woollcott, town crier of the radio, asked the people of the United States to send Alice Longworth and Col. Theodore

Roosevelt Jr. anything they had read and clipped out and put into a drawer to read again in leisure -moments. Alice and Ted’s selections are almost entirely American, except in a few ‘instances, where English poets have been allowed to creep in. I am most grateful to my oD Ted, for sending “book to me, though he makes me feel a little guilty because of his inscription, which reads: “Dear * Elesnor—I. bought your book and liked it very much. : 2, This book comes to you as a present. Merry Christmas —~-Ted.” = Thank you, sir, for liking my book, and for sending yours. I'll be more thoughtful next time, though - J know you won't derive half as much pieasuré out of © the next book, which I will send you, as I have derived

from yours.

New Books Today ,achievements of modern medicine, a major

: topic ‘pefore the annual meetings of the re n Asscciation for the Advancement of Scibnce here

41 are told in vivid, dramatic language ini‘

tor and 1937 Pulitzer prize winner. . | Times readers familiar with Mr. ‘Dietz’ nontechnical “will not be disappointed in this new book, which his “Story of Science,” Tow ‘in its fourth ediIt deals concisely with many subjects—new hods in’ the cure and erad jeation of disease, medmiracles and how they are performed, the latest and s, the vast uncharted areas which

nkind, and what science: is doing to combat them, a major role in the book. These seven chief

"of death are, in order; heart disease, cancer, |.

tis (kidney trouble), cerebral hemorrhage, acci<’

and tuberculosis. The fact that}:

‘pneumonias lead the list today shows how medicine has ened ‘the life span, conquering the diseases of , increasing social and economic problems of the ' ecause more persons now live longer. A child the 16th Century had a life expectancy of 21 880 this was.up to 40 years. In the last pia ‘science has added 20 more years to the e.” 'h effects of ‘the nervous system and the ductless

schools. But |

ee ————

Science

More Power Will Be Needed to Run Mechanical Gadgets of the Future

By Science Service

“MORE power to you” is no idle toast but a prediction to Dean A. A. Potter oF Purdie University who foresees more and more power being used in future years to

promote general well-being. -

More comfortable living due to air-conditioning, dec. trical gadgets in home and busiress, and other improved mechanical devices wi]l require more power in the near “future, he told scientists attendirig the American Associa-

tion for“the Advancement of Science. Each of America’s 30,000,000 families has the me--

chanical equivalent of more than 400 human, slaves available day and night, Dean Potter reminded the scientists. This means 10 horsepower for each person or more than one and one-third billion horsepower in all.

The bulk 6f America’s power will continue to come

from coal as it’ does now, Dean Potter said. Stationary “coal burning steam-electric power plants now produce electricity at a cost of 4 to six-tenths of a cent per kilowatthour. Diesel engines, despite their high efficiency, cannot

compete with steam plants. Research to solve the power problems of the future. was. urged by Dean Potter. ‘For instance, now it is cheaper to. haul coal 900 miles than to transmit electrical power 200 miles. The steam locomotive is to remain the main sources of power for railways, although electric and Diesel locomotives will find larger use. Now electric locomatives are only 2 per cent of those in use and internal combustion engines ‘less than one-half of one per: cent. i Trucks, busses and tractors will

use - more engines: of - the Diecel

type, Dean Potter predicted, while passenger autos are destined to be safer, more sconomics) and more powerful. 2 8 =

Science Outpost

EEP in the heart of Africa stands an old fort, built by the Germans as a World War. stronghold. It is now an outpost of science, whence attacks are .made on much smaller enemies than soldiers, but in their way deadlier—the dreaded tsetse flies, carriers of African sleeping sickness. : Here labor scientists who are trying to rid Central Africa of this depopulating scourge, stated Dr. P. J. Parrott, vice director of the New York State Agricultural Experiment ' Station at® Geneva, N.Y. Dr. Parrott saw the fortlaboratory during a recent’ scientific trip that began at ‘Cape Town and ended at Cairo. Another scourge “of Africa, also

depopulating in its effects though

less directly so thai the tsetse fly, is am importation from the New World: The prickly-pear cactus. Tradition says it was: originally brought in in 1750 and us:d for fencing and for its fruits. Now it is ruining thousands of acres ‘of farm and pasture lands, as it did. in Australia.’ The same:means that hroke the grip of the Australian pricklypear plague: are being tried against it in Africa, Dr. Parrott reported. The Cactoblastis cater: pillar and other cactus-eating insects have been importecl from Australia. Their success in Africa is proving much less spectacular, however. cn

s ‘Billiard Game’ EARCH for the secret of sex + determination was dascribec|

_ by Prof. J. T. Patterson of the

University of Texas. It wes a sori of microscopic game of billiarcls. with X-rays for cues and chromo ‘somes, or rather bits. of broks:n chromosomes, for balls. Some years ago, Prof. Herman Muller, a former colleague of Prof. Patterson at the urniversiy, showed that chromosomes, wits the genes or hereditary uaits they carry, can be broken apart and rearranged by bombing the celis with X-rays. Prof. Patterson used this technique for the special purpose of locating if possible the sex gene or genes. According to one of the two ai‘ternative theories of sex-gene location, this important hereditary unit is located on one. particular chromosome, the so-called X= chromosome. This minute struc< ‘ture ‘Prof. Patterson proposed to shatter - ‘with the, X-rays, The

animals used were the familiar

lictle: fruit-flies, classic subject for . genetical experiments.

“11 the X-chromosome does possess sex gene, some one of the fragments into which the chromosome can be bréken would be certain to contain this gene,” Prof. Patterson explained. “By adding separately each of the several fragments to the normal chromosomal complex of the male fly, one can determine whether any

one of them possesses the postu- .

lated sex gene; for if it does, the male would be changed into a fly with female characteristics. By substracting the corresponding fragment from the chromosomal complex -of the female, a change to maleness would result.” The. experiments to date have ’ come to a tantalizing state of no verdict, All fragments of the Xchromosome which have been broken off and reattached elsewhere in the manner Cescribed by Prof. Patterson have yielded no results at all. Evidently the sex gene is not in or on them. But there is one fragment, from near the middle of the X-chromo-some, that has not yet been successfully attached in any male. Instead of surviving and developing the looked-for female characteristics, the insects simply die. “The failure of such males to

survive may lead some to assume : that the small fragment contains

a major sex gene,” Prof. Patterson stated. “Such evidence is negative and not critical, so that it will be necessary to obtain positive evidence before a final de-

| cision can be reached.”

2 # 2

Fish Experiments -

EMALES of Siam’s famous.

fighting fish can. be tw ned into males by surgical operatior. If their ovaries are removed, new sex glands may form at the ends of the cut oviducts, but they wil be male, not female. So geportad Drs. G. K. Moble: and K. F. Kumpf of the American Museum of Natural History, before an audience of experim2ntal zoologists. They obtained seven positive results from 150 operations. with the growing of the new male sex glands came changes from femaleness to maleness, in the external appearance of the fish. The typical trailing, veillike fins and tails developed. Three of the seven fish were killed for dissection. The remaining four were given females as mates. Three of them fertilized the eggs in normal manner. The fourth went through normal. male behavior, but’ was unable to fertilize the eggs. : 2 » ”

Vitamin B Needed

ITAMIN B(1), preventive of the oriental disease beri-heri in human beings, is necessary for the production of roots in plants, experiments reported by Dr. James Bonner of the Califor nia Institute of Technology “have demonstrated. In the normal seedling (peas were used’ in the tests) the roots get their vitamin from the cotyledons or thick seed-leaves. But if the root is detached and grown in a nutrient solution, it lives on its

i reserves of the vitamin. for a time,

after which the vitamin must be

i Supplied from an. outside source.

Side Glanceifly Clark

‘Scientists from all sections of the United States chat informally as they go to and from sessions at the American Association for the Advancement of .

“Three scientists renew acquaintanceships at the They are (left to right): T. Chamberlin of the University of Chicago, Burton E. Livingston of John Hopkins University, and E. L.

convention,

Mosely. of Bowling Green, O.

Dr. Bonner’s experiments have shown that two atom-groups in the vitamin’s ‘complex molecule are the really necessary parts so far as root growth is concerned.

. These are known respectively as

~ vitamin thiazole and vitamin pyrimidine. g » 2 o

Grasshopper's arbont

N apparatus that makes a permanent record of the secrets of the heart of a grasshopper was demonstrated by Drs. Frederick: Crescitelli and Theodore L. Jahn, of the State University of Iowa. It' writes down all occurrences, both mechanical and electrical, which the tiny pump goes through during each pulsing beat. The apparatus, necessarily exceedingly light and delicate, is made of glass and silver. On one side of a sheet of photographic paper it makes permanent e302 -oscillograph trace responding to the electrical changes. Through the back of the paper it photo-

graphs the shadow of a hair at-

tached to the mechanograph. X-raying. flower buds while they were still quite small and closed produced some pronounced change in color and shape of the flowers: when they opened, Dr. Edna L. Johnson pf the University of 1Q010% ~ rado reported. White dots, spots and streaks : appeared on the corolla margins of the three species treated—to-

bacco, phlox and salpiglossis. The x

Drs. Roland * and F.. R.

Science Convention bela held here this v week. This picture was taken -as a group was entering - Murat Temple for a lecture. :

By Anton Schiner Incomplete Returns Show Christmas Batting Averages Are True to Form; Santa Hands Myers Race ‘Comps’ HE final returns arven’t in by any means, t all indications point to the fact that

Ch mas this year was just about what it ‘was last" year, which is to say that it was

| ‘mostly a case of carrying coals into New-

castle, or owls into Irvington or- something. Luther Dickerson, for instance. got a book; and Mrs. Jack ‘Goodman, a pair of silk stockings. Bill Foltz, to name only one ofithe blonds of Tdisnapolis,

got a pink necktie; and Bill's mother got a copy of “Corn Beef and Caviar,” the book her daughter Bertina, helped to write. Somebody had the bright idea of giving George O'Connor a bottle of Scotch, and didn't even buy it at his place. George Wiegand got a bunch of poinsettias; and John Hook, a box of cigars. Pop Myers got a ticket of admission to next year’s 500-mile race. I didn’t believe it, either, at first, but seeing is believ- - - ing. It’s a fact. Pop is going to see next year’s race without paying a cent to get in. Somebody even thought of giving Adolph Seidens sticker a box of writing paper with enough postage

Mr. Scherrer | |

| stamps to last him all next year.

As usual, too, Katrina Fertig baked 26 different kinds of cakes for the occasion and didn’t bat an eye when the postman delivered a lebkuchen from Nurems=: berg, Germany. '

Mr. Brandt Follows: .Custom

Like last year, too, Louis Brandt started his Christe mas meal with a dish composed of equal parts of raw,

ill chopped beef and onions, and followed it up with an

Two officers of ine Adsociation: watch membre: éseinble for one of the meetings. Keen Cattell, executive committee chairman (Test), Moulton,

permanent sovtetany. The

- convention closes Saturday.

margins in some cases also came

out with a. dissected or frayed appearance. In salpiglossis ‘about 10 per cent of the flowers developed as dwarfs. Buds had to be rayed early in development, or effects were not

. obtained.” Toward the end of the

blooming period, normal blossoms sppeared in greater number,

2 o Ld

| Protoplasm Is Thicker"

ROTOPLASM ' in cancerous and other tumor cells is

more viscous, or “thicker,” than it is in normal cells, Drs. M. P. ‘Guyer and P, E. Claus of the University of Wisconsin demonstrated

before a group of zoologists. This was shown by whirling

cells of both types.in an ultra-

centrifuge to a force many thousand times gravity. The contents of normal cells separated out into layers or strata much more readily than did those of the diseased cells, When cancer cells were whirled at a force of 400,000 gravities for an hour, . their nuclei ‘ frequently divided. without the rest of the cell following suit, so that cells with two or more nuvlei resulted.

: Tadpoles and. Tomatoes

WHE tadpoles, ‘two-tailed / V tadpoles, and other abnor-

malities were hatched from frog eggs that had been whirled in an

"customary

ultra-centrifuge and thus subjected to a. force many thous and times gravity, Drs. H. W. Beams and R. L. King of the State .l: giz versity of Iowa reported. They suggested that the abnormal color was due to disturbed development of the hypophysis, one of the ine ternal glands. “Hardening” tomato plants be-. fore transferring them {rom greenhouse to field may noi be such a good thing after all. according to results reported uv E. F. Brasher and K. C. Westovei' of West, Virginia University. The two horticulturists put a Jot of 150 tomato plants through the “hardening” process of exposure to low: temperatures before setting them out. A second lot of the same size was: planted without hardening. In the field they were exposed to two spring frosts and a 10-day period of dry winds. The unhardened plants showed visible damage, yet they produced a larger total of fruit and a better carly yield than the hardened plants. The hardening process apparently stunts the plants, and delays ‘and reduces their harvest. (Copyright, :1937, Science Servics)

See This . Page. Tomorrow For Latest News in Science

They are J. Itic=:

oyster stew thick enough to cut. Fred Polley sent out 325 greetings,'as compared with 349 last year; got 298 in return which was 49 better than last year. The Erwin Keith family up on Illinois St. had two Christmas trees, one upstairs and one down, and had both of them lit every time I passed. And believe it or not, somebody gave Lee Buins a carton of cigarets. Just plumb forgot that this Christmas marks the fourth anniversary since Mr. Burns stopped smoking. Somebody gave Kurt Vonnegut a goldfish swimsming in a paper ice cream bucket. It was a nice idea, and helped him forget the stuffed owl : (last year’s Christmas present), which went bad on him this summer. In the case of our own household some delightful people thought of giving us a pair of live lobsters, recumbent on a bed of seaweed. What's more, they carried out the idea. As usual, too, Policeman Fred Drinkut (Badge No. 456) spent Christmas Eve playing Santa Claus in 8 church down at Friendswood (Road 67). This year he .perfected the act, and rendered it in a patter of , Hoosier and German dialect. I don’t know how many

years Cap has been doing this, but the kids haveny caught on yet, he says.

[Jane dordan— i Kipling Describes Only a Certain Type of Woman in His 'Vampire.'

NOTE—This letier refers to the case of a bored married woman who accepted presents and entertainment from a . young man. Afterward he got into deep water and expected aid from her which ste could not give.

EAR JANE JORDAN—Of course this woman should not lend her husband’s hard-earned money to her boy friend. If he is broke she should promptly break with him. He is of no more use to her. He has spent his money, most of it on her, and probably chiseled from him by her. It is the old story of the young man, inexperienced in the ways of gold=" diggers, who fell for an older woman and did all he could to win her, Of course she never encouraged him. She probably gave him nothing but promises, and sometimes I wonder if that is not worse. He got no returns for his investment, but that’s the way of woman through: the ages. They take what they can get and give nothing. You recall that Owen Johnson, in one vi his stories, named this type “The Salamander” because she played with fire but did not get burned. She will keep the presents that he showered on her. Certainly. She must teach him a les“son, but who is she that she could teach? I suggest .a poem for her io read: Kipling’s *Yampire, ” To my mind that describes her. J. V.K.

Nd 2 ”

Answer--You are at a disadvantage in not knowing all the circumstances which I had to leave out to protect the woman from recognition. The yourlg man is not quite the well-meaning, inexperienced youth you imagine, who spent his love and money lavishly on an older woman only t0 be turmed down when he was broke. He was thoroughly unscrupulous and dishonest. Nevertheless, shere is a gréat deal in what you say. Your criticism of the woman is justified. I am sure she knows this herself for her conscience troubles her. I do not believe that she wants to teach the ‘youth a lesson at all; she is the one who has learned the lesson.’

Of course she should not have accepted presents - from the young man in the first place, and if ‘she

A WOMAN'S VIEW

! By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

VEN mother love cannot withstand the power of public opin-

ion in a war-minded world,” says Miss Jeannette Rankin, America’s ;

First Lady of Peace. “When a woman has looked for-

ward with joy to the coming of her |

child, when she has. nursed and

loved him for 18 or 20.years and will |

then willingly send. him out to be

mutilated or killed rather than hear | |.

the neighbors call her a slacker, we can realize. how effective public opinion must be on Government.

our statesmenshave an easy task in

- {keeping the peace. Unless, however, {the people persistently remind them | that: this pact has been signed and | +| that peace is our desire, “B be swayed in the other direction by |

the force of military propaganda.” y

Although-women pretend to be = : we -can be}. transformed into snarling cats by|

soft, gentle creatures,

they may |.

|Jasper—By Frank Owen

any change in the emotional of

barometer. ne ‘| Women “could decide the fate of| the nation, and perhaps civilization, 5

§ } |if they made up their minds to repudiate up

; m In order “{%o.do so, However i ice]

has any of value that are returnable, she should give them back.: Nevertheless, when it comes to helping ‘the young man out of his financial difficulties, her hands are tiea. There is no reason for her to spend ‘the Test of her life paying for one mistake. Two wrongs cannot make a right. After “all, the young man knew she was married and his expectations of ‘ aid from her are'out of line with reality. He, too, mist take the consequences of his own acts and not expect to be rescued from rouble “by some older

person, ” describes a: certain type of

Kipling’s “Vamp woman, remnanis of which may possibly be present

| | in all of us. I do not believe that the picture fits a

foolish married woman who had a brief fling with a - younger man wi1o did not turn out to be the harmless youth she believed. Perhaps it is more accurate to say that the poem describes a man’s unconscious fear of women. Have you noticed how quick the men are to quote it when they meet with some disappointe ment at the hands of a woman? JANE JORDAN.

Put your ardtitins in a letter to Jane Jordan, whe ‘will .answer your questions in this column daily.

Walter O Keele.

Soc the last session of Congress several members 1 have received flattering offers from artists to pose

| as models. for “still-ife” pictures. Uncle Sam will | never get a true picture of the unemployment situa tion until a law $s yaseed making i compulsory. for all Congressmen