Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 November 1937 — Page 1

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The Indianapolis Times

FORECAST: Partly cloudy with some rain tonight and tomorrow; colder tomorrow,

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DRUNK DRIVER FINED $60 AND SENT TO FARM

55 of 60 Local Motorists Arrested Overnight Pay $510.

YOUNG WOMAN INJURED

Trial of Mrs. Florence Davis In City Court Delayed Until Nov. 18.

Virgil Hohn, 27, of 2706815 E. Washington St., only driver involved in an accident overnight, today was fined £60 and sentenced to 120 days on the Indiana State Farm, | in Municipal Court. | Before a dense smoke pall over | the city reduced visibility and | slowed traffic, 60 were arrested on | traffic offenses. Today, 55 of them | were fined $510. Hohn was convicted of drunken driving, drunkenness and having no driver's license. His car struck Miss |

and Rural Sts. She was hurt |

slightly. 18 Speeders Pay $174

and nine persons whose cars had | That much wind ordinarily clears

improper lights were fined $48. The smoke hampered the work of | the first motorcvele “dawn patrol.”

which is to seek erring motorists in| The | can smell smoke all the time during

the early hours of each day. system was inaugurated after a survev showed an increase in acei- | dents after midnight The case of Mrs. Florence Simmons Davis, 38, charged with drunken driving after her arrest last Thursday, was continued to Nov. 18 in Municipal Court 4 today. Mrs. Davis also is under indictment in Criminal Court on manslaughter charges in connection with the traffic death last June 3 of 14-months-old Barbara Condit. Trial on that charge has been set for Dec. 15.

Flasher Signal May Guard Crossing Near Anderson

Steps were taken today to have flasher signals placed at the Penisvivania Railroad crossing on Highway B7 southeast of Anderson where Thomas L. La Manna, 45, of 3654 E. Fall Creek Blvd, was killed Monday night. Two Marion persons were killed at the same crossing three weeks ago. Earl Crawford, State Highway Coinntission chairman, said he | would investigate to determine what | provisions had been made to erect | sighals there, “After a check, highway inspectors found that stretch of road where the accident occurred has not been completed nor accepted by the Commission as a finished job. I am checking to see if ‘travel at your own risk’ signs have been erected,” he said. Site of Road Confusing Regarding a statement he made vesterday that the ‘''death-trap” crossing would be eieminated when | the new road is completed, Mr. | Crawford said there was a misunderstanding in his office as to which crossing was the scene of the accident, He sald he was referring to another crossing northeast of the accident scene. Mr, La Mann was killed on a newly built bypass road that skirts the southern edge of Anderson,

| | | | | ! | |

Terre Haute Cyclist

Dies of Injuries

TERRE HAUTE, Nov. 10 (U. P). | —Stephen Michki, 33, died today in St. Anthony's Hospital from injuries | received last night when he was | knocked from a bicycle,

JUDGE BAKER BACK IN CRIMINAL COURT

Judge Frank P. Baker returned | to the Criminal Court bench today | fo. the first time since he was! stricken with apoplexy on Sept. 286, | while ont an Ohio River boat outing. Following a week in a Madison hospital, Judge Baker has been convalescing in his home here since then, Today he presided at the opening of the trial of James and Lawrence Alexander, Negroes, charged with second degree murder in connection with the death of Alvin L. Kendrick, Negro.

TIMES FEATURES | ON INSIDE PAGES

a m. when most of the factories in [the industrial section, southwest of Joan Panyard. 17. of 559 N. Temple |the mile square, were firing up for Ave. last night at BE. New York St. |e day's work.

is when the wind velocity is

[nary velocity for Indianapolis Sixteen speeders were fined $174 November is 11.3 miles an hour,

| there would be nothing like the pail that hung over the city today.”

about 40 per cent. density was caused by the abseiice of wind and that such a condition could be expected on any calm day.

tember, 486 tons of soot were deposited on Indianapolis.

tives reported that the smoke was so dense that it got into the more

mated monetary loss.

| partial lunar eclipse. | of relatively slight scientific

| touches the terrestrial shadow. At

|ened to “blow your heads off” early

E 499—NUMBER 209

Wind Lifts Smoke Pall From City; Abatement League Spurs Fight for rogram

Co-ordin

Trafic Hampered; Fog Very Light, Weather | Bureau Says.

TEMPERATURES 47 49 51 56

.m 10 a. mi... : Mi. 11 a mi... . mm 12 (Noon). | mo I po omic;

A dense pall of smoke. containing | thousands of pounds of soot, settled | in a dead calm today over the mile square. ; There it remained from early morning until about 10 a. m., when a five-mile-an-hour wind blew it gently northwest out of the city. Even after noon there was an unusual haze of smoke over the downtown area. The Weather Bureau said the smoke, which reduced the visibility to practically zero on downtown streets and as far north as 38th St, contained “very little fog.” Traffic moved at a snail's pace, all headlights on. Smoke filled office buildings. It was an atmosphere that Dr. Herman Morgan, City Health Board Secretary, recently described as extremely conducive to respiratory diseases.

Began Before 6 A. M. The calm extended from before §

A calm, the Weather Bureau said, less The ordiin

than one mile an hour.

the city fairly well of smoke. the Weather Bureau said. "Of course,” the Bureau added. ‘even with that much wind. you still

the winter, as we always have. "But under normal circumstances

The smoke, the Bureau said. extended about 10 stories high. 40 Per Cent Visibility J. W. Clinehens, City Smoke Abatement officer, said that visibility, measured by his office, was He said the

Mr. Clinehens said that in SepSome department store execti-

fragile fabrics and caused unesti-

Paul Wetter, Indianapolis Federation of Civie Clubs president, urged that the City Administration enforce some of the smoke abatement ordinances. League Wants Action Roy O.. Johnson, Smoke Abatement League attorney, said today that he and a committee would confer next week with Mayor Boetcher in an effort to co-ordinate the League's work with the City’s abatement program. He said the League would continue its efforts to “put teeth” in the anti-smoke ordinances and to demand more rigid enforcement, Other members of the committee are Dr. John G. Benson, Methodist Hospital superintendent: Dr. Motgan; Mrs. George Van Dyke. Mrs. D. T. Weir and Mrs. M. I. Miller. The Weather Bureau predicted there would be rain tonight and temorrow and that it would be colder. ————— SL

LUNAR ECLIPSE DUE EARLY TOMORROW

; If you happen to awake sometime during the wee hours tonight and see a peculiar dark red color on the southern edge of the moon, don’t be alarmed—you are merely withessing the second eclipse of 1937, the first of the moon. Last June the moon's own shadow crossed the earth, producing a total eclipse of the sun. This time the moon enters partiy into the shadow of the earth, and the result is a It is an event importance, though an interesting one to watch. At 1:37 a.

m., the moon first 2:19 a. m, it has entered to the maximum, with the shadow covering only three-tenths of the moon's diameter. By 3 a. m,, it has left the shadow completely. ONE-DAY SHUTDOWN ENDS DETROIT, Nov. 10 (U. P). Eleven thousand workers returned to their jobs in the Hudson Motor Car Company plants today under terms of a settlement ending a |

one-day shutdown.

ated

Lo, the poor sun. .

Elimination P

Here it is (upper) trying futilely to pierce Indian= apolis’ smoke bank today. You'd never guess it, but the lower photo was taken in downtown Indianapolis at 8 a. m.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1937

ARMISTICE DAY T0 BE MARKED WITH PARADE

Public Offices and Banks to Close, but Schools Will Be Open.

EXPECT 3000 TO MARCH |

Drum Corps to Hold Ball; 40 and 8 Schedules Luncheon.

(Radio Details, Page 21)

Indianapolis today completed plans for observance of the 19th anniversary of Armistice Day. Public offices will be closed, including the City Hall, Court House and State House. Banks also will bc closed. Schools will be open all day Regular mail delivery schedules will be maintained, according to Postmaster Adolph Seidensticker. World War veterans, military organizations and patriotic, civic and educational groups are to parade | through downtown streets in tomorrow’s highlight event. An estimated 3000 are to participate,

CHICAGO, Nov. 10 (U. P.). Maj. Gen. Hugh A. Drum {old the Chicago Association of Commerce in an Armistice Day speech {oday that the lessons of the past have heen “misread by these Rip Van Winkles” who “would have us stay at home and build a great wall around our bhorders.” “There are advocates in our country who would limit our national defense responsibilities to the continental United States, who would close our harbors to foreign trade, abolish our merchant marine and deny protection to our ocean and air commerce,” asserted Drum. who is commandant of the Sixth Corps Area. “They fail to visualize the presentday proximity of nations, their interdependence and interlocking business and coms munications.”

The parade is to start at 10:30 a. m. at Pennsylvania and Michigan Sts. The route is to be south on Pennsylvania to Washington St., west on Washington to Meridian St. north on Meridian to Monument Circle, right in the Circle to Meridian and north on Meridian | to North St, where the column will | disband. Maj. Gen. Robert Tyndall and his aids are to review the parade from | |

Times Photos. » a stand on N. Meridian St. opposite

the Chamber of Commerce Build. | ing. |

Bomb to Signal Halt

Brazil President to Rule Under Dictator’s Power

New Qonstitution Set Up by

U. S., Britain and France Work to Save 9-Power Conference.

BRUSSELS—Britain, United States co-operate closely behind scenes to salvage something from Nine-Power Conference. SHANGHATI—Commander of Italian warship mounts loudspeaker on deck to protest crossfire of Chinese and Japanese that hits his ship. RUSSIA — Official press brands Rome protocol on communism as “smoke screen” for ambitions of Italy, Germany and Japan {eo divide up world. HENDAYE—Gen. ready to start in Spain.

BRUSSELS, Nov. 10 (U. P).— Great Britain, France and the United States co-operated closely behind the scenes today in an effort to salvage something from the deadlocked Nine-Power conference on the Far East and persuade Japan to enter peace negotiations. A brief meeting of the conference, which adjourned until Satur-

Franco believed “final offensive”

| day, served as a screen for import-

ant private conversations among the three powers. Norman H. Davis of the United States, Foreign Secretary Eden of Britain and Foreign (Turn to Page Three)

Midget Bandit Threatens Pair and Flees With $25

A diminutive gunman who threats

today entered the home of Mr. and Mrs. W. O. Mattern, 903 Fairfield Ave, and escaped with a billfold containing between $25 and $30 and a check-book. Mrs. Mattern said she and her husband were asleep in an upstairs bedroom when they were aroused by the opening of their bedroom door and a flashlight shining in their eyes, A short man standing over them ordered Mr. and Mrs. Mattern to get up and “give me your money.” Mr. Mattern handed the burglar change from his trousers pocket, but the intruder dropped most of it, Mrs, Mattern said. “He fled so quietly we didn't hear

him go down the stairs,” Mrs. Mattern said. “Afterward we found he had taken Mr. Mattern's billfold and a topcoat. “He entered through a dining room window I apparently forgot to lock yesterday. Before coming upstairs, the burglar had opened both front end back doors for quick exit. “Yes, we were frightened. We didn't see his gun but from his threat to ‘blow our heads off’, took it for granted he had one.” Miss Dana Mattern, 28, asleep in another room, was aroused by the burglar’s commands to her par-

Mattern is a member of

ael, Mattern & Co, live- laboratory at the Ne ford Texstock Genes. 7 TY lle Behool VotRY. + ©

France and]

A bomb fired from the top of the Merchants Bank Building at 10:52 | a. m, will be the signal for the | parade to halt for two minutes in | honor of the war dead. Drums will | play muffled roll and buglers will | sound taps. The march is to resume at 11 a. m, All busses and trolley cars are to be halted for one minute at 11 a. m. Organizations in the parade and places at which they will form follow: First Division—U, 8. Band and troops from Ft. Benjamin Harrison; Pennsylvania and Michigan Sts. ' Second Division—Indiana National Guard Band and units, Naval Reserve, Marine Fleet Reserve, Marine Corps Association, Gridley Naval School and Officers Reserve; Walnut St. between Pennsylvania | (and Delaware Sts. National Guard | ‘motorized troops will assemble in| Pennsylvania St, between St. Clair | and North Sts. Third Division—R. O. T. C. units; | North St, between Illinois and |

Pennsylvania Sts.

~ Vargas Abolishes Legislative Units.

RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov. 19 (U. P.) —President Getulio Vargas and his Cabinet assumed what appeared to: be “dictatorial” control of Brazil today with the promulgation of a new Constitution. The dissolution of all elective govening bodies, including the Federal Senate and Chamber and all State legislative and municipal counciis was announced from the Presidential palace. Promulgation of the new Constitution was announced by Francisco Campos, who was appointed only yesterday to succeed Jose Carlos de Macedo Soares as Minister of Justice, President Vargas Is scheduled to make a nation-wide radio address at 8 o'clock tonight. He has ruled Brasii under a state of war almost con: tinuously since the Communist revolution of November, 1035, was quelled. Rumors Are Circulated

Rumors were circulated in the | commodity markets in New York today to the effect that troops had occupied some Government buildings in Rio de Janeiro. A rigid | gome junk dealers who buy stolen censorship was known to be in | property to help police trace ideaoperation. [tity of thieves are causing an inObservers interpreted the basis of [crease in burglaries, Special Judge the move to be “coffee, anticom- | George T. Davis charged in Crimmunism and consecutive succession.” | inal Court today. the last referring to a clause in the | He made the statement in disold constitution which prohibits the | missing larceny charges pending President from succeeding himself against four Negroes, accused of in consecutive terms. stealing brass from a factory. Commercial uneasiness, due to the He said one of the prisoners, in Coffee situation, has been closely | jail 11 months, had served long linked with political unrest. enough and that evidence against Meanwhile hundreds of arrests the others was insufficient. The | of alleged Communists have been [brass had been sold to a junk carried out under suspension of | dealer. guarantees. The possibility of the “Junk dealers are ‘stool pigeons’ formation of a Farcist-like state |for police, who encourage dealers to was also a subject of speculation as | buy stolen property so they can a result of the Rome Protocol | make arrests and get convictions. against communism and the appar- “If there is no place to sell stolen ent intention of Germany, Italy and | property, burglaries would not inJapan to seek the adherence of |crease as they have.”

South American countries, FARMER SUFFOCATED

6 PUPILS HURT IN LABORATORY BLAST UNDER STRAW SHED FOR BROWNSBURG, Nov. 10 (U. P.).

NEW BEDFORD, Mass, Nov. 10 : g —A straw shed fell on Charles O.

(U. P,) —S8ix students were injured, one perhaps fatally, when an yn- | Coffman late yesterday, suffocating authorized experiment resulted in |the 58-year-old farmer to death.

an explosion which wrecked the

Fourth Division—G. A. R. Auxiljary, Marine League, War Mothers (in autos), N. I. W. V, U.S. W. V, (Turn to Page Three)

JUNKMEN GENSURED FOR AIDING POLICE

Judge Charges Some Dealers Cause Crime Increase.

ters, four and nine g

‘Body of

Surviving are the wife, three daugh- | missed

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis, inu.

Lauded in Death

MACDONALD, T1, DIES ON LINER

England’s First Labor Minister to Be Returned.

(Editorial, Page 14; Photos, Page 15)

LONDON, Nov. 10 (U, P).— Leaders of all political parties, friend and enemy, paid tribute today to James Ramsay MacDonald, Britain's first Labor Prime Minister, while the liner Reina del Pacitico, aboard which he died last night, made its way to Bermuda. He was Tl. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Conservative; Sir Archibald Sinclair, Liberal, and Maj. Clement Attlee, Labor, leaders of the three great parties, were expected to speak in the House of Commons this afternoon in praise of him. It was expected that Mr. MacDonald's body, after its arrival at Bermuda Monday, would be 1returned to Britain for burial at Lossiemouth, Scotland, his birthplace. There, in the fishing village which ostracized him for years as a pacifist traitor, his body is to lie beside that of the wife whom he had mourned for 26 years. Mr. MacDonald, seeking rest in a cruise to South America, died last night while, in London, political leaders were attending the annual Lord Mayor's banquet, Collapsed Year Ago It was at this banquet, a year ago last night, that Mr. MacDonald col-

| lapsed.

For many months Mr. MacDonald had been deeply depressed. After turning over his Prime Ministry to Mr. Baldwin in 1935 Mr. | MacDonald had served as Lord! President of the Council. Last May, when Mr. Baldwin retired, Mr. MacDonald left public life. His death was of no political importance and it was as an elder statesman that he was mourned. He continued in a sort of shadow leadership of the National Labor Party —a handful of right wing labor men who support the Coalition Government and are regarded as bitter enemies by Labor Party men gen(Turn to Page Three)

COUPLE GETS TERM FOR CHILD NEGLECT

Officer Tells Court Parents Stayed Out All Night.

A father, 22, and his wife, 18, parents of three children, began serving 30-day jail sentences today. Their children, all under 3, were taken from the home and placed in the Children's Guardian Home, The couple was brough. before Juvenile Court Judge John F. Geckler yesterday to answer charges of child neglect. A policewoman, who investigated the case, said a month ago she found the couple's youngest baby, two months old, in a crib crying at 6 a. m, She said the baby had not been fed since the day before. All three children had been alone in the house all night, she said. She said the couple had attended a dance after which they had gone to a tavern. They didn't come home until after 6 a. m. “When I got there, Judge, the youngest was sucking on a piece of burned dry toast,” the policewoman said. The wife told the Judge: “There's nothing much I can say.” The husband said that was the only night the children had ever been left alone all night.

OLD INDIANA LABOR LAW TO BE TESTED

Test of a 44-year-old Indiana statute which protects the right of a worker to join a union was seen today in the arrest of Bert Grimes,

| Red Cab, Inc, general manager, on [an

affidavit signed by William Watters, 2023 Beecher St., a former employee. The law, used as the basis for arrest for the first time in the memory of Marion County attorneys, defines it a misdemeanor for an employer to “refuse or, by coercion, to prohibit an employee from joining a lawfully organized union.” Fae Patrick, Mr. Watters’ attorney, said hearing of the case before Municipal Judge Dewey Myers tomorrow would constitute a test of the statute. Mr. Grimes was released on his own recognizance. He declined to comment on the case. Mr. Watters said he was dis-

PRICE THREE CENTS

10 SPUR

New Deal Works on Program at WarTime Tempo.

RECALLS ’33 DAYS

Major Steps Planned To Give Impetus To Industry.

By THOMAS L. STOKES Times Special Writer

WASHINGTON, Nov, 10.— President Roosevelt has marshaled his aids on virtually a war-time basis to meet the threatened business recession,

and about the White House and in Government offices that recalls the hectic days of early 1933.

Economists in numerous cubby holes are busy gathering data, preparing charts and writing memoranda—all of whiclh do not agree— and these are being shuttled to the White House to form the basis of discussion between President, Roose-

again are in order, Every angle of the business picture is being investigated and canvassed—but not publicly discussed. A sort of censorship has been imposed on the chief lieutenants involved who refuse to give any intimation of the Administration's course. Major Steps Planned

The impression is given that some major steps are being planned to inject new blood into business. The inference is that President Roosevelt wants to hold everything until

prehensive in outlining his general aims and objectives. Since Ris return to the capital, Mr. Roosevelt has confined himself to talks with Government officials. But at Hyde Park he saw several business and industrial leaders, exploring their analyses of the current situation, and since he has returned, he has gathered numerous reports from all parts of the country, from businessmen as well as Government agents, on the economic outlook in various sections in A tug of war still is geing on within the Administration between

New Dealers and more conservative

the latter desiring to make more concessions to business than the former believe necessary or wise.

Signs of Weakening

In the last few days, some who were thought to belong to the staunch New Dealer category have given signs of weakening. Modifications in the two controvorted tax laws, the undistributed profits tax and the capital gains tax, seem now to be in order with the object not only of relieving small business and industry, but of opening up new avenues of investment, particularly in the housing field. But the principle of both is to be retained. It is also being suggested that exemptions might be made in the capital gains tax for utilities to permit them to make plant expansions, though there +is no inclination to yield any ground on the Public Utility Holding Company Act, which is the chief target of the utilities. Housing and utility plant expansion are seen as the two avenues of largest capital expenditure.

Nine Profits Tax Complaints

Scanned by Committee

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (U. P.).— The House Ways and Means Tax Subcommittee today discussed with Treasury officials nine specific complaints by business against the undistributed profits tax but reached Ro conclusions on amending the aw, Chairman Fred M. Vinson (D. Ky.) said the Committee spent the morning on round-table discussion of typical cases involving the following situations: Debt-ridden corporations, corporations with impaired capital, expenditures for business expansion, new corporations, inventory problems, forgiveness of indebtedness, disallowed capital losses, dividends paid shortly after the taxable year and deficiency and refund problems. “Our committee intends to take up these complaints one by one,” Rep. Vinson said. “I think there are merits in some and no merit in others. Our objective is to relieve Je hardships and inequities of the aw.” The Subcommittee earlier tentatively wrote $19,000,000 off the estimated yield of the capital gains and losses tax. ; The $19,000,000 saving for capital gains taxpayers would be achieved through a provision permitting carryover of loss from one year to the next.

FIRE DAMAGES SHOP Fire of undetermined origin in the

to x Ci

30 after he attempted |

stockroom of the Florsheim Shoe Shop, 2 E, Washington St., this aft-

ac-

with a burst of activity in|

velt and his kev men, Night hours |

his message to Congress which, it is | believed now, will be rather com- |

what might be called the original

figures as to policies to be pursued, |

PRESIDENT ACTS

PRIVATE

BUILDING IN U.N.

@®

| Calls

Five Business Leaders to Help on Problem.

STRAUS IS ABSENT

| Eccles Heads Federal

| Aids Invited to

Discussion.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (U. P.).—President Roosevelt called five representatives of big business to the White House today to confer with ‘him and Federal Reserve Board officials on means to stimulate spending of private capital for building construc-

tion.

The conference preceded by only a few hours addresses in New York by Secretary of Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. and Senator Byrd (D. Va.), which are expected to reveal the President's plans for using Government funds to cope with the present business recession. Mr. Roosevelt considers the house ing industry one of the most important mediums among which business may be stimulated by pri= vate capital through increased employment and purchase of building materials, Meanwhile Secretary of Intericr Harold L. Ickes announced after a White House conference that the order still stands regarding eventual disbandment of the Public Works Administration. He said there might be minor adjustments in funds still available, The business men invited to the conference were Gen. Robert E. Wood, president of Sears-Roebuck; Gerard Swope, president of Gene eral Electric; Henry C. Turner, New York, president of the Turner Construction Co.; S. Soane Colt, New Kork banker, and Edward F. McGrady, former Assistant Secretary of Labor, now connected with the Radio Corp. of America. Features Full Day The housing conference featured | a full day for the President. With the opening of the special session of Congress scheduled for Monday, he had engagements with Senator Ashurst (D. N. M., Senator True man (D. Mo.), and Rep. Howard W, Smith (D. Va.) Government financial and labor | experts who will sit in on the ses- | sion were headed by Marriner S. Eccles, Federal Reserve Board chairman. Other conferees included J. Matthew Daiger, special assistant to the Federal Reserve Board, and Isador Lubin, head of the Department of Labor Statistical Bureau. White House aids said it was logical to assume that the cost of building matierials—Mr. Rooseve't said recently they were too high to permit volume construction—would be discussed, White House sources also said that Mr. Wood, Mr. Swope, Mr. Turner and Mr. Colt had been making a private study of housing construce tion for Mr. Roosevelt. Inasmuch as Nathan Straus, ade ministrator of the new U. S. Hous~ ing Authority was not invited, it was believea the discussion would center around the part private capital could be induced to take in a building hoom.

COURT SETS UTILITY PLEAS TOMORROW

(Another Story, Page Nine)

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (U, P.) <= The Supreme Court, it was ane nounced today, will hear argument tomorrow on the Pacific Gas & Electric Co., case in which the Gov« ernment seeks reversal by the Court of a 39-year-old utilities rate-mak« ing precedent. It had not been expected that the case would come before the Courts for several weeks. Monday, howe ever, the Court advanced the date for argument to tomorrow but the action was not announced publicly until today. Significance was attached to the case when President Roosevelt yes terday characterized present Sue preme Court rate-making interpretations unconstitutional and called for a reversal of the Court's posie tion.

CLOSED SHOP PACTS ARE UPHELD IN N.Y,

NEW YORK, Nov, 10 (U, P.).—Sue preme Court Justice Mitchell May upheld the validity of closed-shop agreements between employers and employees today in denying applica« tions of six employees for injunce tions to restrain transport come panies from discharging them for their failure to join the Transport Workers of America. The Court, in one of the first judi= cial rulings on this aspect of the closed-shop question, held that New York labor unions are exempt from laws forbidding monopolies. The ruling said that such contracts are “in consonance with the public pole

icy of the state as expressed by iby Legislature.”