Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 September 1937 — Page 19

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In Europe

By Raymond’ Clapper

Austria's Authoritarian Government Seen as a Lesson in Dictatorship, But Not the Pattern for America.

IENNA, Sept. 30.—I noticed -a dispatch ; from the United States in the Paris Herald quoting Senator Wheeler as saying in Des Moines that he feared the United States was going the way of the European dictatorships. I had been reading official reports describing how Austria formally killed parliamentary government and made official the dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss,

chancellor who was later assassinated by Nazis: Austria has only a one-cylinder dictatorship, and it doesn’t get the

publicity lavished on the big ones. -

Still, it provides a neat ‘clinical case history. I found in reading these records that it requires a strong imagination to picture any such event occurring in the halls of our Congress. But perhaps those who think Roosevelt is about to become a dictator will feel otherwise. x Here is how it was done in Austria. Dollfuss had suspended parliament a year before, and was running g dictatorship. He decided to make it official, and drew up a new constitution Riieh formally wiped out the parliamentary government. On April 30, 1934, he summoned parliament to legalize the change. To do it, he had to throw out the Socialist members, so that by shrinking the size of parliament to 91 members he could command the necessary two-thirds majority. ‘To this rump parliament Dollfuss presented a stack of documents. These included his new constitution. He demanded a vote at once. Only two members voted against him. Then the chair, in a ruling that would make even Jack Garner envious, held that by this vote parliament had confirmed the new constitution, automatically dissolved itself, and placed all power in the hands of the executive. ’ The whole session lasted just 90 minutes. In that time the republic founded at the end of the World War was dissolved.

Mr. Clapper

Government Is Authoritarian

When the Viennese read the newspapers in their coffee shops they found that a corporate state had been set up. The term “republic” was dropped from the constitution. Under it legislation originates in the cabinet, then is referred to four corporative councils composed of elected representatives of the trades and businesses and professions. After that the corporate diet has the final say. But since the man in the driver’s seat can fire practically any of the foregoing, the government is fully authoritarian in practice. This isn’t quite the way they have been doing things in America, particularly during the last session of Congress. - But even if Mr. Roosevelt were a dictator, Senator Wheeler apparently would have trouble making him admit it. Following Mr. Roosevelt’s Constitution Day blast at dictatorships, the old and important news- * paper Neues Wiener Tageblatt came lumbering along with these solemn observations: “Austria does not belong to the dictator states. This is anything else but a dictatorship.” They wouldn't fool us, would they?

‘My Diary By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Finds No Sign of 'Shovel-Leaning' By WPA Men at Bonneville Dam.

EATTLE, Wash, Wednesday.—Bonneville Dam, which we visited yesterday morning, has a very beautiful setting. The hills rise on either side of the Columbia River and it reminds me a little of the highlands of the Hudson. To me, the most interesting thing was the contrast between what we had seen in 1934 and what we saw yesterday. As Governor Martin, who rode with us, remarked: “These houses are pretty and they cost very little.” But the landscaping,

most of it done by WPA labor, impressed me even -

more than the houses. When people tell me, as they often do. that shovelleaning is the general characteristic of those who work on WPA, I accumulate more and more pictures in my mind which I can paint for them. The work which I have seen was never accomplished by people who spent their time leaning on shovels. Flowers take a great deal of care and real affection. They seem to sense the people working with them are fond of them. For some people, they will grow and for others, they will not. The gardeners at Bonneville love their flowers.

Finds Fish Ladder Interesting

With all the wonderful engineering construction to be seen at the dam, I suppose you will laugh when I tell you that the thing which interested me most was the runway made for the fish to get up the river past the dam. It is so arranged that those who wish to jump can jump, and those who wish to swim . will find openings at the bottom through which they can do so. : ~The grade by which the fish make their gradual journey past the dam is made easy for them by putting these openings on opposite sides of each section. They swim along a wall and find the openings and then swim along the next wall to find the opening at the other end. Thus they go zigzagging up the hill, in just the same way we were taught to do with horses when they were puliing a heavy load in days gone by.

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

TN a small volume which “aims at providing a compact catalog of those areas of the world’s surface which are the property, not of their own inhabitants, but of some other alien State,” J. F. Horrabin presents - an ATLAS OF EMPIRE (Knopf). The explanatory summary accompanying each map is concise, and the maps themselves give only enough information for complete clarity. Among the colonial possessions represented is much discussed Manchukuo, nominally an independent state which includes the former Chinese province of Manchuria. France and Britain of course are here, with their large holdings in Africa. The author comments that British administration of Tanganyika (Eastern Africa) has probably provided, with AngloEgyptian Sudan, the best example of enlightened imperialist rule; and that India—the greatest prize of all, and the object of contention between France and Britain throughout the 17th and 18th Centuries —furnishes 70 per cent of the total population of the British Empire. The appearance of such & volume as this is evidence of the fact that, with continued expansion in various parts of the world, colonial possessions remain a burning question of ‘international politics. Ce DAY, when we read of the exploits of our modern explorers, we'admire their daring and marvel at their fearlessness; but we know, too, that their equipment contains every invention available to insure their safety and that they often enjoy the price-

fess boon of direct and constant communication with

the world. . How different from the days of the first explorers! Then ships were small and few in number, supplies inadequate and knowledgé of navigation meager. Nevertheless, in spite of all obstacles, these adventurers of earlier days set forth’ again and again to discover new lands. In ELIZABETHAN SEAMEN (Lippincott) Douglas Bell retells the stories of intrepid seamen such as John Cabot, Martin Frobisher, Hawkins, Drake and Raleigh, of ‘what they suffered and what they gained in knowiand riches for the worl

Second Section

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1937

tered as Second-Class Mager PAGE 19

Enter at Postoffice, Indianapo

Why Women of Today Live Longer— Our Town

Scientific Treatment Plays Major Role in Lives of Modern Girls

(Fourth of a Series)

By David Dietz

Times Science Editor

NE of the major medical triumphs of the 20th Century has been the discovery of the role which microscopic amounts of amazingly powerful drugs play in the

life of woman.

Tiny quantities of these potent chemical substances set the stage for each scene in her life. Each transition—from

Mr. Dietz

chronic pain. _

childhood to adolescence, from girlhood to

motherhood, from motherhood to old age —has its chemical controls. These controls are the hormones which the ductless glands Medical men are just beginning to fathom their complex functions. learned to date, has given them the ability to deal with conditions of disease and abnormalities before which they were powerless a generation ago. In some cases it has been possible to banish In others, invalidism has been changed to robust health. Under certain conditions sterility has been conquered, enabling the childless woman to have her desired children.

pour into the blood stream.

But what little they have

Perhaps the most important victory to date has been the understanding of the conditions surrounding the onset of old age. This period of life, known to medicine as the menopause,

is a natural part of life.

Women have always feared, however, that

it might bring a train of physieal and even mental repercussions. These fears are groundless today. The majority of cases need no special treatment at all, only the authoritative reassurance of an experienced physician. But for the minority that require it, the medical profession now has sufficient knowledge of the factors involved to

furnish it. ” ” »

HE glands which distinguish ~~ women from men are. the ovaries, two almond - shaped glands, each about an inch and a half long and an inch wide. One is located on each side of the uterus in the lower parts of the abdomen or pelvis. Two tubes, known as the Fallopian tubss, lead from the uterus toward the ovaries. The fringed, open ends of these tubes are wrapped about the ovaries.

The chief function of the ovaries is to house the ‘microscopic eggcells from which the next generation is to rise. At birth each ovary contains about 100,000 of these egg-cells, each one within a tiny sac known technically as a Graafian follicle, During childhood some of these follicles fill up with fluid, subsequently subsiding without discharging the egg-cell. The fluid is absorbed by the surrounding tissue. But at puberty a change takes place. Now a follicle begins to fill with fluid and to expand in size. It continues to grow until it finally reaches the surface of the ovary. Then it bursts, releasing the egg-cell upon the surface of the ovary. The fringed end of the Fallopian tube contains tiny moving hair-like processes called cilia. These sweep the egg-cell into the

Fallopian tube, through which it makes its way into the uterus. ” n os

F fertilized, this egg-cell remains in the uterus, going through the embryonic changes that reach their climax in the birth of the full-grown baby. But if it is not fertilized, the egg-cell does not remain in the uterus. From puberty to the menopause, each month, unless pregnancy intervenes, a Graafian follicle ripens, discharging. its _egg-cell and contained fluid. ; Researchés of the last decade and a half have revealed the importance of this fluid. It contains one of the hormones manufactured by the ovaries. This hormone, known as theelin was discovered in 1923 by Dr. Edgar Allen and Dr. Edward A. Doisy at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Theelin is now being used with considerable success by the medical profession in the treatment of various. disorders. A second ovarian hormone, known as progestin, was isolated by Dr. George W. Corner of the Rochester University Medical School in 1930. This has not yet come into widespread use in medicine, largely because of the great difficulties encountered in attempts to obtain large amounts of it.

When the Graaflan follicle has

discharged its egg-cell, it does not disappear but remains upon the surface of the ovary, turning to a yellow color. - It is now known technically as a “yellow body” or “corpus luteum.” It now begins to manufacture this second hormone, namely progestin, as well as theelin. : The understanding of these two hormones is giving the medical profession a new insight into the physiology of women. It is now known ‘that these hormones play a dual role. One of their functions has to do with the cycle of reproduction. ” ” 2 OTH .theelin and progestin have a stimulating action upon the uterus. They cause the lining of the uterus to increase in thickness and to become distended with blood. In other words, they prepare the uterus as. a ‘home for the embryo. But if pregnancy does not take place, the thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and is

. sloughed off. This is known as

menstruation. Since the days of the early Greeks, superstitious notions have persisted that menstruation was a periodic ridding of poisons by the body. No notion could be further from the truth. The second function of the ovarian hormones has to do with the socalled secondary sexual characteristics. In childhood the little girl resembles the little boy

in many ways. They are both fairly neutral as regards secondary sexual characteristics. Both are flat chested and angular. Their voices are pitched about alike. But at puberty differences begin to manifest themselves. The girl blossoms into womanhood. Her figure rounds into curves that are definitely feminine. - These changes are now believed to take place with the increased production of theelin. Experiments upon animals support this view. Allen and Doisy found that injections of theelin into baby rats that had just been weaned,

brought them to sexual maturity

in a few days. This is just as though a human infant skipped all of childhood and’ arrived at puberty during the third month of life. Occasionally abnormalities almost as amazing do occur. There are medical records of children who reached puberty between the ages of 3 and 4. They represent, of course, cases of glandular disturbance. On the other hand, failure of the ovaries to produce theekin may delay the onset of puberty so that a girl retains all the character-

istics of childhood until the age - of 19 or 20. Fortunately, the

medical profession is now learning how to treat such cases. us 7 ”

URING pregnancy, there appears to be an increased demand for theelin in the mother’s body. At any rate, researches

. ovaries. It

Healthy infancy, happy childhood, robust girlhood and -safe motherhood are the rights of every girl born into the 20th Century. Medicine has set thi ideal for itself and each new medical discovery helps maintain it. Among the most important discoveries of this century has been that of the role -played: by the hormones, the powerful drugs secreted by the ductless glands. These initiate and control the changes in a woman’s life as she; goes from childhood to young womanhood. Later, they play an equally important role in motherhood. These photographs 20th Century ideals.

exemplify At the

. top, a mother, child and nurse are

shown. The picture was taken in Maternity Hospital, one of the units of the University Hospitals,

‘Cleveland. ; The modern athletic type of

young woman is typified in the

* other photograph, an action pic-

ture of Helen Jacobs, former national tennis champion. £0

have shown that it begins to be

preduced in increasing . amounts as pregnancy continues. It is this fact that has made possible the most trustworthy test of pregnancy which the medical profession Now possesses. This is the so-called Aschheim-Zondek test which is a test for the

presence of an excess amount of theelin and for the presence of-an excess amount of certain pituitary hormones which also increase in amount during pregnancy. This increased production ° of theelin during pregnancy is due to the fact that the corpus luteum, the “yellow body,” persists upon the ovary. It seems reasonable therefore, that some hormone developed during pregnancy reacts upon the corpus luteum. In 1931, Dr. J. B, Collip, one of the four scientists who shared the Nobel prize for the discovery of insulin, isolated a hormone which is produced during pregnancy by the placenta. This hormone has the effect of stimulating the has been named “emmenin.” : Some of the most important researches going on today deal with the relations between the hormones of the ovaries and the hormones of the other glands, notably the pituitary, the thyroid, and the adrenals. I want to discuss the meaning of these relations next.

NEXT—The Role of the Master Gland.

_"l think | can. give you an app

Side Glances—By Clark

§Q-<3© COPR. 1937 BY NEA SERVICE. INC. T. M. REG. U.S. PAT. OFF 3

Let's seg uy

ointment for a permanent todays.

here at wo-fifteen?'’

A WOMAN'S VIEW

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

T this writing I haven’t shopped for a new winter hat. I've put off the ordeal. : ; The new styles have sent up the blood pressure and brought on palpitation, and for three days Ive suffered a brain fag trying to think

what it is that these peaked crea- |

tions look like. Suddenly in the dead of night the secret was revealed.

It’s the bonnet of the old. broom- |

riding witch that we've copied this time. Bly If you have tears to shed about

growing old, prepare to drop them |

now. For only the young things can bear upon their slick or curly heads

these ‘creations from some voodpo- |.

mad brain. The gray-streaked pate which tops their elders looks like a witch’s indeed beneath these rakish bonnets. : But everything has its brighter side. We cleaned house last week, and simply because my courage hasn’t been equal to tackling the hat problem yet, last year’s relics were unearthed. It looks now as if my

timidity might prove a fine economy |

measure. | ; ; It’s true they all. look .terrible— and what is more dejected than a last-year hat? However, by turning them hindside before or upside down or wrong side out, they'll he as crazy as any of the newfangled models. Certainly they can't look

any worse on me.

Like most women I've always had a secret hankering to be a man, and at spring and fall it comes on like a fever. What bliss it must be to

‘walk into a shop and ask for a hat ¥ i 3 ig

Jasper—By Frank

oY rE ————— ) J -y ny E === opr. 1837 by United Feature Syndicate, Ine.

"Hmm—it's against the school regulations, but since you are afraid

By Anton Scherrer

Oldest Plumber of Indianapolis Started His Trade as Apprentice At Age of 14, or 64 Years Ago.

MAYBE you know without my telling you that Willis Samuel Dunn is the oldest active plumber in Indianapolis, that he started work in 1873 as a 14-year-old apprentice, and that by this time he is 78 years old. For all I know, you may even share Mr. Dunn’s secret that he was born in 1859. But maybe youve never taken the trouble to reconcile these facts with the sign in front of Mr,

punn’s place at 938 N. Illinois St. The sign says: “J. C. Dunn Co, Established 1853,” -and it is out of such confusion that pieces like this are written. Believe it or not, the name on Mr. Dunn’s sign was that of his father. What's more, it was the name of the man who set up the first plumbing shop in Indianapolis. Mr. Dunn's father came to Indianapolis in 1852 to work on the Bates House. At that time he was : apprenticed to Thomas Borrowman, a leading plumber of Cincinnati, who had the contract for the hotel. I don’t know whether you know it or not, but Cincinnati was the cradle of plumbers, because it was there that Adam Thompson invented the bathtub. Mr. Thompson installed one in his own home in 1842 and showed it to his guests at a Christmas party. Four of the guests took baths. Next day, the bathtub got a two-column write-up in the newspapers who denounced it as a luxury out of keeping with the democratic spirit of the times. I hope I don’t have to tell you that Mr. Dunn's work created a sensation around here. Fact is, it aimost stopped the progress of the Bates House. Dr. W. B. Fletcher, it appears, was especially interested in Mr. Dunn’s work, and urged him to open a shop

Mr. Scherrer

here. Curiously enough, however, it wasn’t the bath-

tub that interested Dr. Fletcher. It was the way Mr, Dunn handled sheet lead. As soon as Dr. Fletcher saw that, he pointed out that the Insane Hospital was encugh to keep Mr. Dunn busy the rest of his life. Anyway it was watching Mr. Dunn at work that gave Dr. Fletcher the idea of using sheet lead for the floors of insane hospital cells.

He Prizes Father's Card

Sure enough in 1853, Mr. Dunn's father opened a plumbing shop on the north side of Washington St. just east of the present Odd Fellows Building. Mr. Dunn has his father’s first business card to prove it. He keeps it locked up in a vault .and wouldn't trade it for anything. The first house to be equipped by Mr. Dunn's father was that of William Robson, a banker living on N. Pennsylvania St The next was the home of Edwin May, the architect, and after that came the homes of Laurence Vance and Louis Hasselman. Mr. Dunn got $2385 for the Hasselman job and made all the pipes for it himself. In 1888, which was exactly 35 years after Mr. Dunn got started, he helped his son Willis equip Fred Kissel’s place for natural gas. I mention the fact to show that Mr. Dunn’s father was always in on the ground floor, because the way it worked out, Mr. Kissel was the first man in Indianapolis to burn natural gas. ;

Jane Jordan— Wife's Side of ‘Green Coupe’ Story

Shows Husband Is Emotionally Sick. ECENTLY a story was published in this column called “The Green Coupe.” It was written by a Times Reader, who with his wife, had followed a green coupe driven by a sad young man taking his baby for a ride. Mr. and-Mrs. Times Reader passed the green coupe and noticed tears in the eyes of the sad young man. Later when they paused.for repairs on their

car the young man stopped to help and they learned that his wife was divorcing him. Convinced that the young man still loved his wife, Mr. Times Reader wrote the story in hopes it would soften her heart. Now comes a letter containing the wife’s side of the story. “I read the story called ‘The Green Coupe’ in The Times and I want the readers to know the wife's side. I blamed the wife until I stayed in that sad young man’s home for three months; now-T've changed my mind, because this young man brought his sadness on himself. He is a jealous, imaginary sort of fellow. I blame most of his trouble en his work because he wasn’t like this until he began to work at nights ‘with fellows not fit to be around a weak-minded person. “Until he made this change he was always the life of the party and his wife was just like him. After he made this change he didn’t want her to laugh or talk to anyone. If she went any place without him he would spy on her and accuse her of meeting some fellow whom she loved more than him. He would tore ture her in trying to get her to admit things she never dreamed of doing. One time he cornered her with a butcher knife and threw her out of the house at 1 o'clock in the morning in the pouring rain. After he did these.things he would be sorry and do everything in the world to make up to her. I have to say that when he wasn’t in one of those insanely jealous fits you couldn’t ask for a better man. Now you know why this sad young man’s wife is getting a divorce.” I agree with Mr. Times Reader; it is too bad that this marriage is breaking up, for I believe that the sad young man also is a sick young man who could be cured. If only he had a fever he would be put to bed and not held responsible for things said in delirium. When a man’s bodily machinery gets out.of order his illness is recognized, but when his emotional machinery is affected, illness is not recognized. I imagine the narrator of the wife’s story is partly right when she blames his change of work and un=desirable companions for -his change of behavior, Although the evidence is slim it looks as if these new associates stirred a side’ of the young man’s nature which had been sleeping. His efforts to subdue unacceptable desires and forbidden wishes threw him into conflict with himself and -made him sick. All his painful distrust of self he projected onto his wife, accusing her of things he feared he would do himself. It is not unusual for a troubled person to shift his temptations from himself to others where they can safely be condemned. We see this mechan ism at work when the pious take a sudden interest in campaigns against vice, and it long has been known that the perpetual reformer unconsciously reforms

, himself. Our pride will not permit the admission of

antisocial wishes in the self. The most convenient dodge is to say, “It is not I but you, who are guilty.” A psychiatrist could have cured him. JANE JORDAN.

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan, who will __ answer your questions in this column daily.

Walter O'Keefe—

USTICE BLACK, the traveling sphinx, landed at Norfolk yesterday disguised as a liberal. ° Like “Old Man River,” “he don’t say nuthin’, he

must know somethin’,” and although he refused to be

interviewed about the Klan issue he hinted that he might take to the radio in his own defense, It’s going to be tough on radio comedians to deliver material that will be as good as a broadcast by harried Hugo. vl He starts work Monday, and he should have a busy. day. During his absence an awful lot of