Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 September 1937 — Page 13

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In Europe

| By Raymond Clapper

~ Geneva Shows Increased Respect For U. S. Administration of Foreign Affairs Under Roosevelt and Hull.

(GENEVA, Sept. 28.—On all sides it is evi- ~~ dent that not since the World War has

“there been greater respect for the way the

United States handles its foreign affairs than under President Roosevelt and Secretary 1t is recognized in Europe that the Administration in Washington must, In its foreign relations, pay heed to the widespread isolationist sentiment in America. At the same time Mr. Roesevelt and Mr, Hull are regarded here as striving to strike a practical balance whereby they can assist world stabilization without transgressing the strong domestic desire’ to avoid foreign political entanglements. Mr. Hull's statement of policy on July 16, in which he advocated international restraint, abstinence from the use of force, and observance. of treaty pledges, made a profound impression in Geneva. Mr. Clapper Likewise Mr. Roosevelt's Constitution Day speech, expressing abhorrence for dictatorships, was received as an -encouraging sign. - The League of Nations today is virtually a League against dictatorships, at least against the aggressive dictatorships. Germany and Japan have left the League. Italy is still a member, but more or less in name only. And Russia, While of ‘course a dictatorship, is aligned with the democracies against the aggressive powers. i Confidence in the American handling of foreign relations is also increased by the fact that Mr. Hull has taken to Washington such able diplomats as George Messersmith and Hugh Wilson, both new Assistant Secretaries of State. Mr. Messersmith, first at Berlin and later as minister to Austria, notab® : record. Mr. Wilson, for years minister to Switzerland, was the American expert here on disarmament and League affairs.

U. S. Diplomats Beat British : ‘With these two men at Mr. Hull's elbow, Geneva

feels that he has the best informed advice on Euro-_

pean affairs that is available. The American diplomatic force in the field has also been strengthened in a way to impress Europe. During the Ethiopian affair, for instance, the American Government is said to have been much better informed than the British, whose diplomatic intelligence service is usually considered tops. The American embassy in Rome, I am told, accurately - forecast to Washington what Mussolini would do, whereas the British thought he was bluffing. Despite its futility in crises, the League continues to perform a useful function as a discussion ground. Foreign ministers and other high officials come to Geneva frequently, and while here they are thrown together constantly. ; : : Thus a basis of personal understanding and friendship is established.

My Diary

By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt

Geysers at Yellowstone Perform

Admirably for President's Party.

OISE, Ida. Monday.—We all. regretted leaving Yellowstone Park yesterday, for our afternoon there was one of the most interesting we have had on the trip. Two of the geysers, Daisy and Old Faithful, performed very well for us. Strange to say, in both cases, I was not disappointed. ; The water shooting up in the air, or in the case of the Daisy, oub-sideways, was most graceful .and the rainbow effects added to the beauty. I think the colors in some of the hot pools seemed more beautiful than almost anything else. Nature combines so many colors and has so much to teach us where this is concerned. If we only realized it, shades are what matter: most and almost all colors go well together. I wonder why we all of us have such an urge to leave something of ourselves in every place we visit? Into one very lovely pool, people have thrown little metal tax token discs, which the park has had to clean out on several occasions. In other places, people have carved their initials so that there is hardly anything of the rock formation to be seen. Elsewhere, they have chipped off pieces of stone in their effort to carry away a souvenir. They entirely forget they are not the only people who are moved in the same manner.

‘Guard Our Beauty Spots’ When half a million or so people indulge in such desires, it does eventually make a dent on nature. I suppose it is all a matter of education and selicontrol. Older people are just as guilty as young people, so we will just have to wait until the nation grows up and, in the meantime, guard our” beauty spots as best we can. : ' Mrs. Pope, wife of Senator Pope, was the first to greet me this morning. ] my attention the Idaho WPA guide, which was one of the first to be written and which she thinks very satisfactory. - Everyone of these guides which I have seen is a good piece of work, so I am sure this one

is also.

A group of ladies also came to the train this morning and among them were two newspaper girls. They said. they represented the female side of the press and so we chatted for a few minutes. They were seriously handicapped, however, because every time they asked me a personal question they felt they had to apologize. I hope the interview was satisfactory

to them.

———

New Books Today

. Public Library Presents—

Se MITTING some minor matters, like a high inO peritance tax and ‘social pressure’ against loafing (both rapidly declining) the substantial dif“ference between ‘socialism’ and capitalism seems to be that under ‘socialism’ instead of investing your money at your own discretion, and your own risk, you let the Government invest it for you and guarantee you a.7 or 8 per cent return on your investment. . .. “And just where that ‘social pressure’ is coming from as these tax exempt investments of private capital pile up is a mystery.” Thijs, and matching cynical criticism on the part of Max Eastman in THE END OF SOCIALISM IN RUSSIA (Little) bespeaks the

. fact that in the opinion of Mr. Eastman the end is

not far off. Not only does he, in this small volume, deflate the Stalin Government as reflecting in any way the aims of socialism, but he deflates the reporting of many whose dicta on Russia we have been wont to accept as authoritative—Anna Louise Strong, George Soule, Waldo Frank, Sidney and Beatrice Webb—“dupes of Stalin’s ideology,” he calls them. The defection of the Webbs, “because they are supposed to know something of economics from a socialist standpoint,” he seems to deplore most of all. Pe a =n the diagnosis have made of the American social scene, Zalenm Slesinger, in EDUCATION AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE (Covici) proceeds to assail these conceptions and to present, in turn, h na. structure and of the part which education may play in effecting what they all consider necessary changes ‘in: society. - : : 1 “The liberal. educator, he claims, bases his theories ‘upon false premises—that ours is not a class society,

that economic change may be effected independently |

of eultural change, and that “a fundamental recon=-

struction of our existing social order can and should ~

be effected by the democratic technique.” oh © ‘Having stated these tenets, the writer devotes -the reinaining ahd larger part of the volume to criticizing them from the point of view of those who believe that class division in America is already definite, though still only partly realized, and that the “good life” for

. the masses can be secured only through a disciplined

nd revolutionary movement which aims at a comste ref ning of cultural patterns and economic Foes ol xe ; oF Z ii

made a |

She at once brought to’

#” ¥ which liberal educators

his own analysis of the social -

(Second of a Series)

By David Dietz Times Special Writer : HE modern woman having her baby in the maternity ward of a _ clean and efficient hospital, attended by skilled physicians and alert nurses, may well give thanks that this is the 20th Century. ' For things were not always as they are today. There was a time when hospitals were veritable pest houses, centers of infection in which it was : : practicall y impossibl e to escape contamin ation. “Aban‘don hope, all ye who enter here,” might well have been carved over the doors of all hospitals in those days when medical students would lay down their knives in the autopsy room and go direct to the maternity ward without stopping to wash their hands. The rise of modern obstetrics from the days of careless, stupid midwives, heartless, despicable quacks, and ignorant, brutal bar-ber-surgeons makes one of the “greatest pages in history of civilization. The heroes of that conquest. deserve deeper homage than the kings and generals celebrated in history books for bloody wars and territorial aggression. Seven elements make modern obstetrics what it is today. These seven represent the great contributions that lifted motherhood out: of the dreadful conditions of the Middle Ages. ” 2 ”

HE first was compassion. For nothing was possible until

Mr. Dietz

“there was a desire to do something

for the plight of mothers. The first attempt to break down the callous indifference of the Middle Ages came with the publication in 1513 of a book by Eucharius Roslin of Worms. It bore the quaint title of “The Garden of Roses for

Pregnant Women and for Mid-

wives.” Roslin wrote the book at the request of a woman, Catherine, Duchess of Brunswick. It is probable that Roslin had never seen the birth of a child, for at that time there was a tremendous prejudice against men attending such an event. A German doctor who.in 1522 put on women’s dresses in order to see a childbirth was burned at the stake. But Roslin did succeed in reviving the knowledge that had been possessed by the midwives of ancient Greece. His book was widely copied in all the countries of Europe and did much to improve the practice of midwifery. The second important element was the rediscovery of podalic version. The midwives of ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome knew how to turn the child which lay transversely in its mother’s pelvis so that it might be born. This knowledge was lost in the Middle Ages, leaving but two alternatives. One was to kill the child and deliver it piecemeal. The other was

to perform a Caeserian operation,

whicH in those days meant the inevitable death of the mother.

# 2 #

T was Ambroise Pare, the great military surgeon who served five French kings and Catherine de Medici as chief surgeon, who reintroduced podalic version. Though inured to the horrors of the battlefield, Pare was a man of compassion and humility. once said of a patient, “I dressed his wounds and God healed. him.” It was about 1550 or 1560 that

He

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1937

Why Women of Today Live Longer—

Dirty Hands Was Scourge of Childbirth Years Ago

Pare taught podalic version and preached against the. butchery of Caesarian section as it was then performed. The third important element

was the entry of the physician into the field of obstetrics. Others .

followed the example of Pare. The trend was slow; in fact opposition to the male obstetrician was to continue in some places into the 19th Century. But, nevertheless, a beginning had been made. By the middle of the 17th

‘Century, the French court was

setting the example for the world with the employment of male obstetricians. These were known as “accoucheurs,” a title held more dignified than that of male midwife or “midman.” The fourth great contribution to progress was an invention, the invention of the obstetrical forceps. The Chamberlen brothers, Peter. the older and Peter the younger, made this invention about~1588.

The forceps, still one of the most important obstetrical instruments, consists of two wide flat blades, so curved as to fit easily around the baby’s head. Each blade is put into place separately and the two are then clamped together. By pulling upon the forceps, the obstetrician

‘hastens delivery. :

# ” ”

HE use of forceps is indicated when the mother lacks the necessary propulsive force or when some condition makes it advisable to terminate labor quickly. It was supposed, in Chamberlen’s day, that every mother could be delivered by the use of forceps but it is now known that such is not the case. In Chamberlen’s day it was supposed ‘that the bones of the pelvis separated, making possible: the passage of the baby’s head. It is now known that the pelvic ring is tightly knit together. If the baby’s head is too large, a Caesarian section must be resorted to. The Chamberlen brothers committed the sin which is contrary to all medical ethics.

cal men make any discovery avail=able to the whole world. For four generations the forceps were known to the family only but the Chamberlen of the fourth generation permitted the secret to leak

out. The fifth great contribution to progress was cleanliness, or as it is called today, asepsis. It was this: which turned hospitals from houses of death to houses of life. In the 17th and 18th centuries,

Side Glances—By Clark

| coPR. 1937 BY NEA SERVICE. INC. T.M. REG. U. 8. PAT. OFF. Sm

Y don't want fo hear a peep out of you when we march by: my

s office. My b

3 thinks |'m sick in bed." a ar

" hands.

They kept. .their forceps a secret.. The medi-

the lying-in hospitals of Europe were centers of infection. Onefifth of all the women who entered them died cf puerperal fever. This condition, resembling what is commonly called blood poisoning, is now known to be due to the introduction of infection into the hirth passages at the time of delivery. ° : # # 8 : T was Oliver Wendell ‘Holmes, better remembered- today.as an author than as a physician, who first preached the connection between puerperal fever and dirty In 1843 he read a paper before the Boston: Society for Medical Improvement on “The Contagiousness “of Puerperal’ Fever.” But his ideas met with violent op-

£4

Entered as Second-Class Matter af % ft Indianapolis, Ind.

ostoffice,

A 15th Century lying-in room, as depicted in an old print, is. shown at the upper left. ‘Below, center, is Oliver. Wendell Holmes, author and physician, He preached that dirty hands spread puerperal fever, Below at the right is the statue of Dr. Ignatz Philipp Semmel-

weiss,

position. It must be remembered that this was before Pasteur had established the germ theory .of disease. Four years later, a Hungarian physician, Dr. Ignatz Philipp Semmelweiss, without ever having heard of the paper by Holmes, came to the same conclusion. Semmeiweiss deserves immortal glory because he spent the rest of his life in a battle to prove that he was right. In his day, it was common for doctors “and - medical students - to go from the dissecting room to the maternity ward without. stopping to wash their hands. Semmelweiss put a stop to that practice in the division of the lying-in hospital in Vienna which was under his direction in 1847. At-once, cases of infection fell off. As he insti-

‘Streamlined’ Highways

Held Economy Aid

By Science Service ASHINGTON, Sept. 28.—A common “headache” for the American’ motorist is the unsightly panorama of bare side slopes and shoulders, advertising posters, telephone poles, automobile graveyards and gaudy refreshment stands which have displaced nature along many miles of highway. Hopeful indication of a successful attempt to outlaw’such man-made blemishes has -been - made by the Highway Research Board. Roadside beautification, when carried out according to sound land-

scaping and ecological principles,

can have distinct-economic as well as esthetic advantage. The stream= lined roadway with ‘flattened and rounded slopes, wide shoulders, shallow ditches and native planting eliminates many dollars of maintenance costs incurred -through erosion and faulty drainage. Bushes and trees selected and

A WOMAN'S VIEW _ By Mrs. Walter Ferguson - CHOOLDAYS are here again, and the middle-class American mother is badk at her old chauffeur-

ing job. She doesn’t like it; she thinks it’s a foolish way to spend

her time, and she’s even beginning |

to wonder whether it is good for the children. Races survive-only when they adjust themselves to changing environment. We all know that, yet we do very little about what is today the most important fundamental of education — teaching the young to take care of themselves on the streets. : : 3

Heretofore most. of our attention’ has been riveted on the matter of Yet the pedestrian’ who |

driving. doesn’t know where and when to walk is sure to be on the ever-grow-ing casualty lists.’ Isn’t it high time then that our children should be

| trained to watch out for themselves?

We fence up.our cows and pigs, put leashes on our dogs and pen up the pet cat, but we can’t do: the

same for the youngsters. They've

got to learn to get around traffic sooner or later.- and

A new fall’ job for thé P.-T. A.

| would be ‘the promotion of a campaign having for its slogan, “Don’t

drive the kiddies to school.” In every city there are streetcars, or busses, and miles of unused:sidewalks. - Let the children learn to use them. Let's

teach them to walk before they

spaced ' properly control drifting snow and assist visibility, while an easy roadside contour means increased driving safety.

TIGHTWAD PLANTS ASHINGTON, Sept. 28. — Plants of the pea and clover family, capturing free nitrogen from

the air through the aid of bacteria living in their roots, are not philanthropic with this acquired wealth, reports Science Service. Drs. C. A. Ludwig and Franklin E. Allison of the U. S. Department of Agriculture grew nitrogen-capturing plants in nearly nitrogen-free soil, and made analyses to discover whether any nitrogen was given into the soil by the plants, as some European and other experimenters have claimed. They found this did not occur; indeed, the plants tended to take up what little nitrogen was left in the soil.

which stands in Budapest.

‘same night, Albert J. Beveridge

Second Section

- PAGE 13

Our Town By Anton Scherrer

Twenty-Five Years Ago This Day First Phonograph Records Made By the Poet Riley Were Heard.

WENTY-FIVE years ago today the Aeolian people of Indianapolis invited everybody to their place of business to hear the first phonograph records made by James

Whitcomb Riley. : . It was the day, too, Shorty Burch climbed the greased pole at Washington Park, and sat on top until ‘the sun went down. The occasion was the newsboys’ annual field day. Leonard Hall, a Negro

boy, won the watermelon-eating contest. The pie-eating contest went to Moses Kirkbride. The Denison Hotel Bar started the day by offering odds of 5 to 4 that Boston would lick the New York Giants in the World Series. That same afternoon the football season opened. Indiana defeated DePauw, 20-0, but it wasn’t anything to brag about. . . At the German House, that Mr. Scherrer opened the -campaign for the Progressives. A straw vote on an interurban car bee tween here and Amo showed 13 for Theodore Roosee velt, 5 for Wilson, 1 for Taft.

It was the day, too, Mrs. Eliza A. Baker ane nounced she was going to introduce Montessori methe ods in her kindergartens. She did, too, and from that day on, Indianapolis kids had to stop playing with blocks and balls, and learn how to button their clothes. After that, they learned how to lace and

Bl | untie their shoes.

tuted more stringent rules, forcing the medical men to wash their hands between the examination of patients as well as upon entry to the - hospital, cases of infection became fewer and fewer. Bul Semmelweiss only made enemies and eventually lost his post. In the

end, however, the views of Sems=

melweiss prevailed in the world. The sixth great advance was the discovery. of anesthetics in: 1846. A boon to all surgery, this dis_covery has proved particularly use« “ful not only in casés of childbirth which required surgical intervention but in reducing the pain of childbirth. £93 : 2 2 = ND finally, we must mention

the seventh great contribution

to progress, namely, the develop--

ment of medical judgment. When

Y the obstetrical forceps were. first

introduced, they were used without caution or restraint. Gradually it became the custom: to interfere in every delivery in all sorts of ways. “Meddlesome obstetrics” developed. :

As a reaction later, many mediments at all. The great English William Hunter, used to show students covered with rust. This was his method of showing his abhorrence of instruments. This view became so extreme in 1819, Sir Richard Croft, obstetrician to Princess Charlotte, permitted her to remain in labor for 52 hours. The child was born .dead; the mother died six hours later. With her went the last of the dynasty and in remorse Croft committed suicide. Today the obstetrician, guided by wise teaching and his own experience, knows when to leave nature alone and when to assist. By his judgment, he insures health of mother and child and a minimum of suffering to the mother. ~

NEXT — Twentieth Century

Obstetrics.

Jasper—By Frank Owen

cal men refused to use instru-. physician ‘of the 18th Century, his obstetrical forceps

1931 by United Feature Syndicate, Ine. | Copr Lo 9:29 platform. at any station to play the role of “the good Hi 2 - | “neighbor.” * :

"1 admit there's. room for. argument, Jasper, but he's. pointing.

thisypay!" °

Sept. 28, 1612, was the day, too the Herron Art people announced the appoiniment of George Julian Zolnay of St. Louis as instructor of sculpture. Scule ptor Zolnay took the position left vacant by the death of Rudolph Schwarz. It was the day, too, the

Hearsey-Willis people advertised the “Jiffy Curtain,”

a contraption designed to keep the rain out of automobiles. The price ran from $15 to $30, depending’ on how much rain they had to keep “out. ¢

Temperature Was 48.

‘The Vonnegut Hardware people picked the day to advertise the “Radiant Home Baseburners” ($37-$58), They picked a pretty good day, because the thermometer in front of Henry Huder’s drug store went down to 48. : ‘ On the other hand, the same day George A. Brown, 1429 Williams St., had a pear tree growing im his yard, one-half of which was a mass of blooms. The rest of the tree was loaded down with ripe fruit. That was the day, too, Charmion was over at the Empire with Miner's Bohemians. Mlle. Charmion was a French artist who did a.disrobing act on the

flying trapeze. She used to throw her garter into .

the audience, and it was always good for a riot. I happen to know who got her garter 25 years ago, but I'm not going to tell. =,

Jane Jordan—

Protection of Husband, Although

Insufficient, Is Hard to Abandon.

EAR JANE JORDAN—I have been married 16 years and except for the first year have had no happiness. My husband has philandered all these years. We have a 15-year-old daughter whom he seems to love. I had been married to him for six years before I knew that he had been married twice before. I can’t tell you all the things he has done, He even cashed in his bonus and spent it all on a woman. I have worked more or less since we have been married and took a Christmas Club out in my daughter’s name until she had $130 in the bank. He borrowed it and has never paid it back. Women call me up and tell me things he does until I am almost insane. I am at the point where I can’t stand things like that much longer.

If I stay with him five years longer I can give my

daughter a good education and fit her for her struggle with life. If I leave I wouldn't get .g cent for he wouldn't live a year. I would have sto work in a factory, as I have no business education. It would take me away from our little girl at the age when she needs her mother. I left him when she was about 3 years old and he was drunk all the time and never worked a day. I don’t think he himself would tell you there was anything wrong with me. I am a good housekeeper; I love to do things for people; I have bought him lovely presents but he doesn’t buy me any. I can’t eat and am getting so I can’t _sleep without taking aspirips to quiet my nerves. Please

tell me what to do. ANONYMOUS. ” 8 2 :

ANSWER—My impression is that you want me to advise you to remain with your husband and at the same tirhe to give you a way of making the situation bearable. I do not have the feeling that here is a courageous woman seeking encouragement to break an intolerable situation by giving up her dependence on a. disagreeanle, faithless spendthrift to battle the orld alone. I. : If I suggesied that you leave your husband I be= lieve you would ke mor2 terrified than if I agreed with you that the thing to do is stick it out five years more until your daughter has acquired more educa= tion, the better to help herself—and you. = I could give you some suggestions for pleasing your husband. but in all honesty I don’t think they would do much good. He has pretty well-established habits of getting pleasure from life and he isn’t likely to change unless they cease to bring pleasure. I think you despise the man and I can’t say I blame you, for your letter cites plenty of reasons for such a feeling. I do not bring up this point to condemn you but simply to get you to face it without letting it scare you. When a woman like you, who loves peace and quiet and who loves to do kindly things for people, is faced with the problem-of hatred, it overwhelms her. She tries to crush her hostility, to deny its existence, to cover it up by excess submission and little acts of supposed devotion. The effort to keep down her rage pus her in a constant state of “nerves” which she must quiet with sedatives. If you were indifferent to the man you could stay with him five years more for the protection his roof represents and not be disturbed by anything he might do. You could go your way and let him go his until you .worked out some scheme of delivering yourself. But I don’t see how you can stand the strain of living with a man whose behavior is abhorrent to you, particularly if your own hostile feelings make you feel so guilty that you are obliged to deny to yourself that you hate him cordially. I still haven't told you what to do because I do not know. JANE JORDAN,

Jane Jordan will study your problems for you and answep your letters in this column each day. :

Walter O’Keefe—

USSOLINI is riding around Germany in an armored train as Hitler's guest. It must be awful to be a dictator and go through life traveling around like a bar of gold bullion, . = These reports from Germany make you thankful

that we have a Roosevelt over here who's riding

around the Far West in an ordinary train with his children and grandchildren, stepping out on the rear

But poor Mussolini! Adolf is entertaining him with a vest pocket war featuring planes, tanks, bombs

»

and artillery, and it's 10 to 1 Il Duce will go back home suffering from shelishock, fans mph cs

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