Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 September 1937 — Page 21
Vagabond From Indiana —Ernie Pyle
: Ship's Doctor Is Important Person To Eskimos, Traveler Finds, but Some Islanders Prefer to Be Sick.
BOARD CUTTER NORTHLAND, Bering Sea, Sept. 24.—The health of the Bering Sea Eskimos, according’to Dr. Rolla R. Wolcott, the Public Health Service doctor on this ship, is none too good. It’s the old, old story
of the native whose system has no resistance
to the new diseases brought in by white men. Tuberculosis has mowed down the natives like a plague. Nearly 90 per cent of the Eskimos have tuberculosis in some form. The next most dangerous thing is whooping cough. Every now and then a germ gets loose in a village —through some contact with whites —and the natives die off like flies. They say appendicitis is practically unknown among the Eskimos. Father Le Fortune, who has been on King Island for many years, says there has never been an illness or death on King Island that showed { any indication at all of being ap5 pendicitis. : We ran onto a grateful patient Mn PY of Dr. Wolcott's at Sevoonga, on St. Lawrence Island. It seems that when the Northland put in there on her first trip this spring, they found this man with a badly abscessed head. Dr. Wolcott lanced his head, and instructed him how to care for it. - It was a month later when we put in at the island again. The natives came out in a boat to meet us, and this man was the first one up the ladder. You never saw anybody so happy. He was doing fine. His gratitude knew no bounds. He showered the captain and the doctor and the doctor's helper with gifts of beautifully carved ivory. He showed us all around the village, and dug a lot more patients for the doctor.
Doctor Not Always Welcome
The natives’ reaction to the doctor's arrival is interesting. On the more advanced islands they welcome him, and come flocking to be treated. But on the backward islands they are surly, and stay in their cabins, and sometimes it takes the doctor half a day to inquire around and find out who is sick. Both the doctor and the dentist do much of their work right out in the open. In some places they use the schoolhouse. - But if the schoolteacher is one of the indifferent kind who doesn’t round up the patients for them, then they just go from cabin to cabin. But usually the insides of the cabins are too much for them, so they bring the patient outside and put him on a box or on the ground. I asked Dr. Wolcott if he could say definitely that the dirty manner in which many of the Eskimos live had any bad effects on their health. He said as far as he could see, it did not. So there, little boys, you can new tell your mothers- that this is all nonsense about taking a bath on Saturday nights.
up
The Coast Guard occasionally has some rather
weird “emergency” calls. This summer while the Northland was in Siberian waters, they received a frantic radio message to hurry back to a village on the Alaskan side, and treat a woman who was dying. You'd be surprised what the Coast Guard will do for just one lone Eskimo. They started, and made the run clear across the Bering Sea to this village. And when they got there, they found the woman was in perfect physical condition—but crazy. They arranged to have her sent to Nome for mental observation.
My Diary
By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
What Time Shall We Breakfast? Is Question Aboard F. D. R.'s Train.
LINTON, Iowa, En Route, Thursday—Many familjar faces were seen around the Hyde Park station - yesterday as we drove down to board the train. It looked as though our whole family was moving, there were so many bags. We stood on the back platform with -Johnny and Anne, while the usual photographs were taken, and then the President waved goodby to his neigh ors and we went into the car. The train
started, we re off. There is a difference between settling down on _a train for several days and just spending a night. You unpack and really try to make your little com- _ partment comfortable. We found ourselves in the same little compartments we have occupied on other trips and it took us a very short time to get settled. “Everyones was weary and almost immediately after dinner went to bed, but not before all of us had ued at length over the hour at which we would ‘breakfast. Should we breakfast by New York Daylight Saving Time, by railroad time, or by Chicago Central Daylight Saving Time. Mrs. Scheider and 1 finally decided that, as we Were tired enough to go to bed early, we would get up and breakfast at 9 o’clock New York Daylight Time, which would be 7 Central Standard Time. While we were in the diner, the train stopped at Elkhart, Ind., where quite a few people gathered at ~ the station. I went out in the vestibule for a minute to say good morning.
Sees Old Friends
In Chicago, Louis Ruppel brought my little friend, Miss Mayris Chaney, who is dancing in a theater there this week, to the train to spend an hour and a half on board while we were shunted around the railroad yards. and a joy to see Miss Chaney, for I last saw her in San Francisco this last spring. Since leaving Chicago we have been going through miles and miles of agricultural land. The soil is
rich but it looks to me as though they had pretty
dry weather. However, it has not assumed the proportions of a drought. These farms in this part of the country look prosperous. We have had no scheduled stops today, but in almost every station we go through there are people watching on the platform. When we pass houses near the tracks or at the crossings along the railroad line, I notice people seem to know this is a special train and they stand, watch and wave. : At lunch today we all enjoyed some delicious trout sent by Stephen Early, one of the President’s secretaries, who is on his vacation somewhere in the Great Lakes zegion.
New Books Today
Public Library Presents—
Af many opinions exist concerning Russia and her
tremendously significant social experiment as there are persons who think or write about this great, sprawling country of 175 million people.. From a great mass of inaccurate information and purely hysterical propaganda concerning the Soviets, we may consider Sir Walter Citrine’s frank and readable diary I SEARCH FOR TRUTH IN RUSSIA (Dutton) as standing a little apart, perhaps; a straightforward, unadorned presentation of conditions as he saw and recorded them during a trip late in 1935 from Leningrad through many industrial and cultural centers south to the Caspian Sea. Sir Walter, British labor leader and, since 1926, general secretary of the Trades Union Congress, is not new to Russia. He is thoroughly conversant with
It was very nice to see Mr. Ruppel
>
(Fifth of a Series)
By Stephen and Joan Raushenbush
VERY man who was part of the American Expeditionary Force in France will remember the question: “When do we eat?’ It was a very important question. It is still the most important question in the world. In many nations the people don’t have much to eat. The economic system has broken down. People can’t get jobs at good wages. They can’t buy. the food they need. Or they aren’t allowed to buy it. Too much of the national income is being spent on arms and armies and navies, on wars in Ethiopia, in Spain, on preparations for greater wars. There are many reasons why an economic system breaks down, and many different reasons were given when ours broke down in 1929, and stayed broken for many years. Spending too much money on arms is only one reason. When a system breaks down the people ask “When do we eat?’ In democracies such as ours they can elect governments which will borrow money to provide them work and food, and defeat governments which are not able to do that. But in many countries they cannot vote, or their voting is limited in its effect. These countries have dictators in name and in fact and the dictators say: “You don’t eat until we have conquered part of a neighboring nation,” or “You don’t eat until we get colonies with food and raw materials.” In
Germany, people are told that they can’t have butter, because instead of using its money to buy butter, Germany is using it to buy cannon and airplanes. The people are led to believe that after another war they will eat. They are told they have to wade through blood to ‘get to the lunch counter, and nobody is allowed to tell them anything else. War is apparently going to he started by Germany or Italy or Japan, or all three of them together, because the dictators and powers in control of these governments have made the people believe that they can never have a good life unless they fight other nations to obtain it. Dictators have frightened their people into believing that other nations are arming against them to prevent them from having the food they need, and are planning invasions to take away whatever little they now have of food, or the chance of becoming- rich.
” ” #
N . democracies, governments which fail to give people food are turned out. Dictators, afraid of being turned out by revolutions, have to be ready to cover up their failures by giving the people something instead of food. They give them wars and glory. There are no unemployed’ when the unemployed have been forced into the army. By 1937 there were more than 7,600,000 men under arms, at least 1,700,000 more than in 1913. The world is spending over three times as much money on arms and armies as in 1913. Where there were only a few dictatorships be-
The Indianapolis
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1037
War Madness and the United tates
Preparations for Conflict Tomorrow Rob Peoples of Food Today
‘Entered as Second-Class Matter at Bostoffice, Ihdianapolis. Ind. ,
Times-Acme Photo.
An added thrill for those aboard the Dollar Liner President Lincoln is shown above, when, according to passengers, as the vessel was loading American refugees at Woosung, Japanese gunboats shelled Chinese positions. Several machine gun bullets struck the President Lincoln. This photo, taken aboard the President Lincoln, shows a Japanese gunboat between the ship and shore.
fore the World War, now there are
many. That war did not end militarism or bring peace or make the world safe for democracy. The United States fought to break up the militarism of Germany, which was a threat to world peace. But the militarism of Germany, 20 years after we entered the World War, is a worse threat to world peace than it was in 1914. There
is no freely elected Reichstag as -
there had been before 1933, which might have tried to check Hitler's war moves. That war was lost by everybody who thought they had won it. The nations of the world are getting ready to do the same thing all over again. In Spain there has been a dress rehearsal. New airplanes, new bombs, new guns have been tried out. But more important than that, a somewhat new way of waging war has also been tried out. Italy and Germany have been trying to get control of Spain by helping the Franco revolution with money, men and arms. These have been put on Spanish soil without any declaration of war or any actual invasion under German or Italian flags. It was much as if we had wanted to control Mexico, and had sent down hundreds of our Army airplanes and officers and field guns to fight for rebels there. Actually, we would be fighting against the government of Mexico, and if we won we would expect to control the land and oil and trade policy of the new government. But on the face of it, because there was no American flag flying there, we would not be fighting Mexico. A war of subterfuge is being tried out in Spain. 2 ”n 2 HIS is not entirely a new kind of war. Tsarist Russia used to buy French newspapers so that French investors would buy Russian bonds and be favorable to Russia. Japan is generally considered to have bought various Chinese generals and governors at one time or another, who would then do what Japan wanted them to do. In the same way Germany might expect to be rewarded by Franco, if he were successful, with
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naval base from which she could attack English ships. And Italy likewise might expect to be compensated for help to Franco by being given opportunity to use a naval base on the Balearic Islands from which she could cut off France from all the French colonial empire in Africa. This would be especially important in war time because France hopes fo bring millions of black troops into Europe to fight for her.
This Spanish civil war, like the
‘Italian conauest of Ethiopia and
the Japanese invasion of Northern China, has given England, France, and other European nations some cause for believing that the dictatorships are ready, or almost ready, for a big war. They are arming and looking for allies and help. Great quantities of foreignowned securities of American firms are in New York, ready to be used for the purchase of steel, copper, wheat and other things needed in war. Plans of England and Italy to store up a year’s supply of wheat boosted the price of wheat to $1.50 late in 1936. - England is thinking of establishing a draft of men into the Army, even in peacetime, although during the last war she waited a whole year before doing this. She has ordered great quantities of airplanes, and has plans for building subterranean hangars for them, to protect them from bombing. She knows that there is really no way of stopping enemy bombing planes from getting over Lon--don, and is planning ways to move a large part of the population into the country. France has built a steel fort, underground, all along the German border, but knows that this will not stop German airplanes from getting to Paris or like. England, she is building huge airfleets to bomb German cities. Russia ‘has built even more airplanes than any one of the others, and is training thousands of pilots. ” ” ” LL military experts agree that there is not going to be any romance in the next war. It will consist of blows aimed at the civilian population.
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the opportunity to use a Spanish
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A WOMAN'S VIEW
By Mrs. Walter Ferguson
HE farmer may be unlucky about money, but he’s got the city man skinned a thousand ways on the woman question. His domestic life in an idyll compared to that of the average business and professional city dweller.. - The American family as a unit actually exists only on the farm. Oldfashioned . co-operation with all members working together toward the same objective, is almost extinct elsewhere. The country man is hard working, often ill-kept, not a very good provider, as a rule, but his women as a whole are loyat and helpful. If statistics are reliable they seldom leave him for other, handsomer men. On the other hand we have the urban gentleman, a so-called success, whose women folk are troublesome, hard to please, neurotic and given te unexpected departures. Tough as farm life may be, it still offers something to wives that the city has taken away—the chance to contribute to the support of the unit and lead a normal domestic life at the same time. For this reason any ‘number of tired gountry wives have some fundamental contentment which the faces of idle well-dressed urbanites lack. It is a feeling of being neces-
The plans for the coming war are plans to cause revolutions on the part of the people back home by killing encugh of them. The soldiers in the underground French fort between Germany and France may be fag safer during the whole of the next war than their mothers, fathers, sisters and younger brothers back home, who
‘ may be among the first victims.
The last war ended with President Wilson talking over the heads of the German Government to the German people, telling them that if Kaiser Wilhelm were thrown out, peace could be made. Revolutions took place in Germany, Russia, Austria, Hun=gary and other nations as the war ended. The next war will begin with airplane bombers trying to get the people of the enemy nations to do the same thing, by making them suffer in a few weeks all that the people suffered in four years of the World War. ; Many = prominent businessmen have said that if another war came to the world there would be nothing left of our civilization. Both Eugene Grace, president of Bethlehem Steel Co. and J. P. Morgan' told: the Senate Munitions Committee that another war would deal our civilization a crushing blow. Before war in Europe or Asia pulls us in, certain things havz to happen. We have to bc convinced that it is a good war. We have to be convinced that one side represents justice, right, de.mocracy, freedom, everything we believe in strongly. We also have to be convinced that the other side represents most of the things we hate or fear such as militarism, bigotry, communism, dictatorships, repression. \ ” ” n OTH sides will be interested in having us believe that the other side is the bad one, so we may expect to be flooded by propaganda from hoth sides. Perhaps both sides will be partly right and partly wrong. Our radio and movie commentators and newspaper editors will choose which
side they want us to believe. Once they have printed and told the atrocity stories, it will be hard and awkward for them to say it was all a mistake. A large group of distinguished American war correspondents wrote over here that they had not found a true atrocity story in Belgium, but the papers did not print their statement. After the last war some of the writers of horror stories admitted that they had lied, had made up atrocity stories out of whole cloth. They did it out of patriotism. Unfortunately, they started a wave of hatred which resulted in bad peace treaties. Another thing which has to happen before we get into war is that some of our citizens have to be in .the war zone, and while there, be killed by the bombs or torpedoes of one nation or the other. Still another is that some ships (not necessarily American ships) «carrying cargoes of war materials made in America, have to be sunk or bombed by one nation or the other. That is called violating “the freedom of the seas,” and is usually :a good cause for our entering the war. There must also be a big war boom going on so that it becomes very important for us to keep sending ships full of war materials across. If the ships can’t get over safely, the war boom will end in a panic. Nobody wants a panic. Everybody wants a war boom. It is also important although not absolutely necessary, if we wish to get into a war, to loan money to. one side
so that they can buy our goods |
and keep the war boom going, after they have used up their cash. Then, when the other side starts sinking the ships carrying our goods, or starts winning the
war, we stand in danger not only of losing our war boom and get-
ting a. panic instead, but also of losing the money we put into the loans as well.
NEXT—What are the problems and the choices facing the United States.
The book, “WAR MADNESS,” from which these articles are taken, is published by the National Home Library Foundation, Du Pont Circle, Apartment Building, Washington, D. C.)
5
“Second Section
PAGE 21
Our Town
By Anton Scherrer
‘Widow's Letter Reminds Indianapolis That L. B. Yeaton Installed City's First Telegraph Fire Alarm in 1868.
WHAT I have to say today should have been said a month ago, on the occasion of Mrs. Susan D. Yeaton’s funeral (Aug. 24). I didn’t say anything at the time because I didn’t know about Mrs. Yeaton’s letter of February, 1935. Neither did anybody else, because it wasn’t until the other day that her letter came to light. In the course of her letter, Mrs. Yeaton said:
“Both Mr. Stanton (her attorney) and Dr. Wicks (her minister) have asked and received some particulars concerning my life. But I do not remember . ever having given either of them one item which 1 particularly wish to accompany any notice of my death which may appear in the paper. “It is this: I wish it stated that I am the widow of Lendall B. Yeaton who installed the first fire alarm telegraph system in 1868, and who. was its superintendent till his death, Aug. 21, 1882.
“I presume there is no one in the fire department old enough to remember him, so I wish this allusion to his memory . . .” 2 To be sure, I remember Mr. Yeaton’s fire alarm system, even if I don’t remember him. It was the system in use when I was a boy. The signals, I recall, were set off by a little motion of an apparatus in a locked iron box which communicated electrically with all the fire bells in the city, each box automatically ringing a certain number of strokes, dee signating its locality. Old timers. say the system cost. $6000.
Replaced Old Bell System
The keys of the boxes, I remember, were kept .in nearby houses. Their locations and numbers were published in the newspapers every day, so that anybody with a little practice could. tell almost the exact location of a fire when he heard the bells ringing. Before Mr. Yeaton came to Indianapolis (he came from Maine, by the way) there was a big bell in an open frame-work tower in the rear of a building on
Mr. Scherrer
" Washington St. where Mr. Grant now has his store,
So I'm told, anyway. This bell was rung by a mechanical device from the cupola on the building where a watch was stationed day and night. This watch designated the locality of a fire by striking the number of the ward, which, of course, wasn’t anywhere as accurate as Mr. Yeaton’s system. .
After Mr. Yeaton had his system installed, he got the job of running it, too. The job was bigger than you think, because, besides keeping the alarm system going, he was expected to b& present at all fires, and give the necessary signals for pressure. Ordinarily he went to fires with his own team, which was kept in the old Headquarters of the Hook & Ladder Station at Delaware and New York Sts.
One day when an alarm came in, his assistant, Mr, Rhoads, was out with the team, and Mr. Yeaton jumped on the rear of the H. & L. wagon to go to the fire. As they were driving north on Pennsylvania St. a hose reel coming from a cross street ran into them. Mr. YVeaton was thrown into the air, and landed on a curbstone. After a doctor's examination, he. seemed not to be injured, only badly shocked. The fall proved to be the cause of his-death, however. He never saw a really well day thereafter, but in spite of that, he kept the fire alarm system of Ine dianapolis going until the time of his death in 1882.
Jane Jordan—
Signs of Love Showing Through Husband's Cruelty, Wife Is Told.
EAR JANE JORDAN—I* wrote you about two years ago and you gave me some very good advice. My letter was about a married man whose wife wouldn't give him a divorce and I told you I was willing to be his wife. You -told me to wait. I did, and now we are really and truly married, a year last month. When we first were married I was the happiest girl in this - world but now I am about ready to end it all. It is not that he is unfaithful, but he has turned into an iceberg. . : We hardly say a word all day and he goes out every night. We have been fighting so much lately that he told me he didn’t care what I did. He never wants me to touch him or even get around him. I told him I was going to leave and he said if I do he will put me in the hospital first. He won’t let me take any of my clothes. Why must we go on living like this? BETTY.
ANSWER—Nearly all of us have two attitudes of love and hate toward an intimate. The ideal is to strike a perfect balance between the two so that neither is exaggerated. When love is overvalued, it is manifested in unreasonable anxiety for the loved one’s safety, in dreams of the partner’s death and the like. The experienced eye: sees repressed hostility in such unfounded fears and exaggerated protests of devotion. ils Conversely, when hostility is uppermost, we safely. can suspect it of covering wounded love. Your husband, for example, is in a hostile state, yet he threatens you with violence if you leave him. It is difficult to recognize love beneath cruelty, but that does not mean it isn’t there. You have wounded him and he protects himself and punishes you by leaving you alone when he can and by being unapproachable when he can’t. He is simply out on a limb and doesn’t know how to climb back without sacrifice of his precious pride, ° You, on your side, have your own wounded feelings to consider, and they demand redress. In dissolving
a quarrel a good old trick which wise wives use is
to ‘assume some of the guilt themselves. The more one is at fault, the harder it is to make a concession. It is comparatively easy for the one who has done nothing to offend, but extremely difficult for ‘the ‘partner who knows full well he is wrong. You can relieve the tension by putting yourself in the wrong temporarily. Then your husband can crawl back without that feeling of humiliation which few men can stand. When love is uppermost again you can work with your husband more easily, not by direct and angry attack, but by the more devious method of presenting your feelings so that he will feel sympathy and understanding instead of rage. : This feat is easier than it sounds provided the wife has not injured her husband’s self-esteem before she presents her case. Like all wounded creatures an angry wife's first impulse is to strike back. In so doing she may create an impasse such as you are experiencing now. The self-controlled woman refrains from arousing her husband's antagonism against her so that she can use his love for her in winning her point. JANE JORDAN.
Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan, who will ° answer your questions in this column daily.
Walter O'Keefe—
YORESIDENT ROOSEVELT has decided to throw the
her unique problems, knows her leaders and under- estern plains stands her devious inconsistencies. Moreover, he does hope that ihe. 1940 crop. will be a bumper h not hesitate to advance his opinions, presenting them precisely, along with a minutely detailed discussion of earnings and prices, housing, position of women, factory administration and a host of other controversial subjects which fret the student of Russian affairs. And if the author’s approbation and his disapproval "are not always in accordance with yours or my particular views, one is always aware that here is an . observer with a broad knowledge and.a - percep=
sary, of belonging, of service, which ; lies at the bottom of each individ- LT the hope that the 1940 crop will be a bumper one. ual’s concept of importance. 4 ; : . Nevertheless, there’s no truth in the rumor that With all his achievements the National Safety Counell | Justice Black is going to take a swing around the businessman has made a terrible country to see how the people feel about him. So far failure of his home life. In his brave ¢ in his travels Hugo has been more mysterious than new world of machines, he misses| repairs are being made on the side of a two-line road on which you | Greta Garbo in the desire to be alone. : what every plowman has—daily| are traveling it is your duty to wait until the road on the other side Poisieal Seers say ge iD. R. hoe 2 Ieiarkaple [nearness to his wife and children} yo gear pefore taking it. Where there is a signal man watch his flag Ena Of Lae A or ‘this ability and the warm feeling that all are NX : : oe | standing them. It's surprising with abili working together toward a. common | and follow. his instructions. It will avoid fusion and po: | to X-rp% a crowd he was recently unable to see
Very often part of a roadway is blocked because of repairs. If the
aay fl By that time
. COPR, 1937 BY NEA SERVICE, INC. Y. m. REG. U. 8. PAY. OFF.
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