Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 September 1937 — Page 11

SLE :

Vogarend

From Indiana—Ernie Pyle

Mud and Water Is Scooped From Bottom of Bering Sea to Further ~ Scientific Study of Marine Life.

ABOARD CUTTER NORTHLAND, Bering Sea, Sept. 20.—Suddenly the clattering Diesel engines in the Cutter Northland’s bottom stop their commotion. We are far out of sight of land, in the middle of ‘the

Bering Sea. Pretty soon I hear the high whining grind of an _ electric winch on deck. They are “taking stations.” We do it every 20 miles—which means about every two: hours. This is purely scientific business. Four ‘groups of sailors jump to their tasks the minute the. ship stops. One group throws overboard a long two-by-four, weighted at one end, and attached to a line. They measure the distance it drifts in a certain time—they’re checking the speed of the ocean’s surface current. Another group throws over a 5 canvas-covered hoop apparatus that Mr. Pyle looks like a half-opened para- : chute. In the bottom of it is a milk bottle, with an apparatus to keep the mouth closed until it gets way down. At a certain depth the bottle-mouth opens, and then they pull the whole thing back up. take the bottle off, and look at it. They're taking specimens . of marine life.

Dip to Ocean Floor

Another group lets down a thin steel cable, running over a pulley on a davit. Every few feet they stop thé cable, and clamp onto it a steel can about a foot long. Then they let the cable down some more, and then stop to clamp on another steel can, until they have half a dbzen cans on the cable at intervals. When the cable reaches the ocean floor, they stop. The fellow at therail takes a weight out of his pocket, and slips it onto the cable and tightens a screw so it won’t come off, but will still slide up and down the cable, Then he lets go of the weight. It seems that this weight falling down the cable, hits a trigger on top of each can, which opens it, so the can will fill with water at a certain depth. “When they pull the cans up, they are taken off one by one, and the water poured into bottles, and each bottle labeled with the exact location and the depth and so on. The bottles are put in ‘wooden cases and stored away. :

Even Take Mud Samples

Still another group lets down a “clam-shell” on a long steel cable and brings up a mouthful of mud from the ocean floor. This is also labeled and stored away. The last group takes soundings and the temperature of the water, not only on top but at various levels clear down to the bottom. + I asked the captain what all this was about. 1t {seems that the sounding figures and the current measurements and the temperatures go to the Coast and Geodetic Survey, to be transferred onto mariner’s charts of the Bering. The water .specimens .go to various universities (chiefly the University of Washington) and to the Scripps Oceanographic Institute. They will show, for example, what kind of animal lives in that area, and thus they can figure out where the feeding grounds of various fish are. Ei

My Diary

By Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt |

Nation's Youth Is Demanding Jobs

And Preparation for Married Life.

YDE PARK, N. Y, Sunday.—A little before 8 o'clock last ‘evening I heard a cheery voice outside my door and my youngest son, John, had arrived from Nahant, Mass., with his fiancee, Miss Anne Clark. He has inherited one of his father’s traits. He usually arrives a little ahead of the time he tells you he will get in. Some of the other members of the family usually arrive a little behind time. ° Dr. Homer Rainey came up from Washington yesterday afternoon to spend the night. He told me the two-year period of the survey on the youth situation and youth’s needs, which his commission: has carried on, is drawing to a close and many of the surveys are completed. : : Two of the results of this survey are interesting. He says the first demand of every youngster is for a job and there is a growing realization that having a skill of some kind facilitates getting that job. The second is for training for marriage and home life. Many of them complain their parents have not prepared them and that school has done little for them in getting them ready for this most important part of their life. J I am eagerly awaiting some of the conclusions which this commission will arrive at as a result of the facts which have been brought to light. I think it should help us greatly in the educational field.

Field of Private Schools

Miss Dickerman and I asked Dr. Rainey if he had come to any conclusions, as a by-product of these surveys, on the most valuable service private schools for boys and girls can render today. Priyate schools reach but a small number of the people and their justification must lie in| the fact that they make a contribution which public schools are not able to make. I feel private schools should do the real educational experimentation and pioneer work in pointing the way to better preparation for meeting the new problems which will confront the generation growing up today. y | I was out on the porch to greet the President when he arrived this morning and we went in to breakfast at once. They tell me a very great number of telegrams have been received since his speech on the Constitution. Most of them seem to indicate that the people liked the idea that-the Constitution is a layman’s document which does not requiré a lawyer's interpretation. | I John, Anne and I started out to ride after breakfast and, just as we went out, it started to rain. - After going around the field jnce, we came = and got

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ready for church. I would not have en up so quickly ordinarily; but I had visions of hair being completely soaked and having to sit through the service with a hat pulled down over wet hair. —_— :

New Books Today

Public Library Presents—

T has been 40 ‘and more years since the leakage of military secrets from the French Army Headquarters and the division of the whole world into Dreyfusards or anti-Dreyfusards. Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew. held a high position on the General Staff. Arrested on Oct. 15, 1894, he was court-martialed, convicted on false evidence privately submitted, and committed to solitary i )prisonment on Devil's Island.

But France and the world would not let it go at

that. France of the Paris mobs reacted with “Long

Live the Army! Down With the Jews!” Another France saw it as a threat to the honor of her Army and herself. The world saw it as another chapter in the perpetual conflict between the forces of liberalism and reaction. ! ZOLA AND THE DREYFUS CASE, by Lee M. Friedman (Beacon Press) is a 61-page tribute to the moral courage of that| litterateur, who, no longer young and about to retire into a life of bourgeois peacefulness, threw asile ease and .honors, took up the battle cry with all his old passion for justice, and with his editorials “J'accuse” (I accuse) brought about a tangle of appeals, new trials, reconviction and finally acquittal. | i Mr. Friedman finds parallels in the situation of that day and this. The old struggle for democracy still exists and he sees in Zola’s defense of liberty an

enduring significance. 3

fo

This is the first of a series of articles on the forces which tend to draw the United States into war.

By Stephen and Joan Raushenbus

THE way for the United States to get into war is to get a war and a panic tied up together so we have to take one or the other. If we take the war, which is the likely choice, we'll get th® panic, too. But nobody will think of that, because it will only come later. ; A war market is a highly profitable market for all We can sell all sorts of war materials to the fighting countries. Everybody borrows heavily to make more money. The munitions companies borrow hundreds of millions to build new fac- - tories or extend their old ones. Farmers borrow to buy land at $300 an acre and figure on paying it off with $2 wheat. Pretty soon the industry and ag: riculture of the country are geared to a booming war supply market and everybody counts on its continuing. denly they'd lose their shirts—and more—their farms and factories.

. No Administration will dare stop

it. #2 a 8

WE got ourselves into that position back in 1915 when we

lies and making big money. We couldn't sell to Germany because England controlled the seas and shut off Germany from her overseas market by blockading her. But the Allied market more than offset any gaps left in our trade “by the elimination of our former large German market. They wanted our munitions and steel and beef and copper and everything else. We tool@their orders eagerly, expanding our plants on all sides, and by the spring of 1915 were doing a very thriving busi-

Then the Allies came to us and told us we'd have to help finance their big purchases here. Unless we did they said they couldn’t go on making them. That looked bad for us. We preferred to lend them the money to buy our goods than to bring panic to all the merchants and farmers who had expanded so they could fill all the expected orders. eT It was true that our Government had announced early in the war that loans to any of the nations at war would be considered unneutral in spirit. That was the big obstacle in the way of floating large loans in this country for the Allies.

” s 8

OMETHING had to be done about it. If we didn’t withdraw our Joan ban the Allies suggested they would have to go elsewhere for their war supplies. That would have cut off ;our big

duced a panic. The Allied bankers in this country talked to our Government officials about it and Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo summarized the situation in a long letter to the President on Aug. 21, 1915, He said: “The high prices for food products have brought great prosperity to our farmers, while the purchases of war munitions have stimulated industry and have set factories going to full capacity throughout the great manufacturing districts, while the reduction of imports and their actual cessation in some cases have caused new industries to spring up and’ others to be enlarged. Great prosperity is coming... . . It will. be tremendously increased if we can extend reasonable credits to our customers. . . . Our prosperity is dependent on our continued and enlarged

If it should stop. sud-

were all selling furiously to the Al¥

market, ended our boom, and pro-

e Indianapolis Ti

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1937

War Madness and the United States

Nation Reversed Stand Against Loans to Belligerents in Last Conflict

This picture of the boat deck of the Dollar Liner President Hoover shows some of the bombs dropped from the sky.

foreign trade. To preserve that we must’ do everything we can to assist our customers to buy. .. . It is imperative for England to establish a large credit in this country. She will need at least $500,000,000.”

un a 8

ECRETARY of State Lansing saw the country thrown into a panic unless we permitted the floating of large loans for our customers—the Allies.

He asked the President: “Can we afford to let a declaration as to our conception of the ‘true spirit of neutrality’ made in the first days of the war stand in the way of our national interests which seem to be seriously threatened?” :

The ban on loans, which we had. announced early in the war as a

measure of protection for our own .

neutrality, was dropped. But there was no public announcement of this important change in our policy. : The war orders continued and the war boom spread even deeper

into American agriculture and in- .

dustry. When the proceeds of the first loan were used up, other loans were floated. By the end of November, 1916, the net outstanding indebtedness of the Allies in this country was about $1,794,000,000. _ During the war American men, women and children got all mixed up with our big war trade and with the German submarines. Americans traveled to Europe on British and French ships which were carrying to those countries:

large cargoes of war supplies purchased in the United States.

2 ” 2

NGLAND was doing a good job of keeping supplies from her enemy—Germany. Germany was just as determined to keep as much as she could from reaching England. She knew it would be difficult for England to carry on the war unless she was able to find munitions, raw materials, and general supplies from across the seas. She started using her submarines to destroy England's commerce and sink her ships. That would have been England's business had it not been for the fact that American citizens were sometimes passengers’ on those ships and American goods were cargoes. When American lives and American-made goods were sunk by German submarines, our Government protested ¥nd our dispute with Germany over her submarine warfare began. The German submarines had a right to sink, das prizes of war, enemy ships with hostile cargoes of war - supplies, provided they applied the rules of visit and search. This means they had that right only after they had warned the ship, made sure of its enemy nationality and its contraband cargo and removed the passengers and crew to places of safety. Then they could have seized or destroyed the ship. That was the rule of international law, which had been worked out, however, before the appearance of the submarine as a commerce de-

stroyer. But the submarines did not follow the rule. They sank ships without any warning. It was called “ruthless submarine warfare.” ” 2 2 HEN we protested to Germany about this, they told us that when German submarines appeared on the surface to give warning to merchant ships of the Allies, those merchant ships trained their guns on them and attacked them. A submarine could not defend itself in front of these guns. So the Germans claimed their submarines could not come up and give warning as long as the enemy merchant ships carried guns which they used against the submarines. A great many people did not want American men, women and children traveling on the ships of any warring nations when those ships carried at the same time cargoes of munitions and other war supplies. A large. group ‘in Congress thought American ¢ibizens should stay off belligerent ships and thus avoid risking war for this country when the ships they went on were torpedoed. The Lusitania had carried an almost entirely contraband cargo when she was sunk by a submarine with such enormous loss of life. American citizens, fuses, shrapnel and cartridges all were traveling together on the Lusitania when she was sunk. The strong Congressional move in February, 1916, to warn Americans against traveling on armed belligerent ships did not have Administration support and it failed.

Treasury Study of Tax Exemptions To Charitable Trusts Held Likely

By Marshall McNeil

Times Special Writer 4

ASHINGTON, Sept. 20.—There is a possibility, hanging perhaps on the outcome of the Andrew Mellon income tax suit pending be-

fore the U. S. Board of Tax Appeals, that the Treasury may give serious study to changes in revenue laws affecting immunity given rich charitable trusts. Upon Mr. Mellon's death it was announced he had willed his fortune to the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, the validity of which is an issue in the Mellon tax suit. If the Board of Tax Appeals finds against the Government and decides that the Mellon trust is bona fide,

Side Glances—By Clark

-—T | ice

"| can't sell any of those ‘clocks.

i ' COPR. 1937 BY NEA SERVICE. INC. T. M. REG. U. S. PAT. OFF.

4

| don't know which are mine and

~ which were left here to be repaired."

the Federal Treasury will lose an immense tax payment.

# ” ” HE law gives exemption from

death taxes to money given to |

charity, and it also provides that income of corporations organized for charity is immune from taxation.

The possibility of changes affecting these portions of the law stems from the fact that two nationally known experts, who have publicly recommended study of this question, have until a few days ago been special advisers to the Treasury in its survey of the revenue system.

These two men are Dr. Carl Shoup

‘of Columbia University and Dr. Roy

Blough of the University of Cincinnati, who were two of three per-

A WOMAN'S VIEW

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

HATE to have to speak harshly about’ hotels, but the summer’s motor jaunt which took us for the first time to several spotless and comfortable tourist camps,’ brings up the question of just what is hotel “service.” The hotels advertise the excellence of their hospitality, urging the customer to come and find out what grand hosts they are, and sometimes when he arrives. all he gets is a cold stare angi.open palms. . No hotel we went into delivered our luggage to our room, or servad our food in their diniflg rooms for nothing. We paid cash for ice water, telephone calls, car storage and every other little item. : Also there is something snooty about some of these first class hos-

telries that makes the automobile traveler want to bite nails. To be sure the motorist himself is nothing piach to look at after a hard day's drive, and his disposition can’t be bragged about. But he’s still human and appreciates a smile and a friendly remark. It’s enough to send up the blood pressure of the most callous indi-

-| vidual to drive up before an inn and

find yourself looked at as if you were some sort of a disease germ. You may resemble one but as long as you know there’s nothing the matter with you except an 8chour accumulation of clean dirt, it riles you pow= erfully. : be

sons whose research and recommendations lie behind the recent Twentieth Century Fund’s report on “Facing the Tax Problem.”

2 2 2 N the Fund’s report, Drs. Shoup and Blough, along with Mabel Newcomer of Vassar, third of the three research directors, concluded that— : “Granting (tax) exemptions to

particular classes of activity, notably educational, charitable and religious activities, constitutes Government support without Government control—a fact that sh~uld be clearly recognized. If the Government is to exercise control, subsidy, not<exemption, should be used.”

tered as Second-Class ot Fostottice, Indianapolis. d.

1 !

Times-Acme Photo.

damage caused by Chinese

F course everybody knows now that our claimed neu-

tral rights were not at all re-’

spected during the last war. England violated many more of them than Germany did. But ‘the German violations resulted in loss of American life while the British only .affected our property and personal affairs. Our neutral trade was carried on largely as England allowed us to carry it on. That was not unnatural. England had control of the. seas. and tried to prevent practically all trade—directly or indirectly—between the neutrals and Germany.

We became very annoyed with England because of her thorough censorship of our mails and her blacklisting of some of our business firms in the summer of 1916, President ® Wilson thought he would teach the Britisn a lesson. He asked Congress to give him some powers to retaliate against England’s ‘interference with our trade and neutral rights. Con-gress-gave him the discretionary powers he requested. But the Department of Commerce warned our Government officials that we could not use those powers to penalize England without interfering seriously with our own large trade with England. Our ‘trade with the Allied countries had increased about 141 per cent from 1914 to 1915 and had jumped to about 28S per cent in 1916 as over the 1914 trade.

2 8 wr HE effect of that huge war

trade was written all over three of our major decisions on

» foreign policy from 1914-17. The

first of these was the Government’s change in its loan policy.

The second was our Government's:

withdrawal of its proposal’to make submarine warfare more humane. The third was our Government's decision not .to use the retaliatory powers granted by Congress to combat restrictions placed by the Allies on our commerce and neutral rights. !

In each of these: decisions the necessity to do nothing that would hurt our war trade and threaten panic was fundamental.

If we want to stay out of wars into which we are taken through a war boom, we must prevent that war-boom from getting started. The American people can take their choice between peace or profits.

NEXT—Profits from Slaughter.

(The book, “Wars Madness,” from which these articles are taken, is puby e Foundation, Dupont Circle Building, Washington, D. C.)

Apartment

National Safety Council.

Many busy people make the ‘mistake of leaving their tars running

while out for a momentary errand:

Sometimes they even leave the

door open. Because of this habit a number of accidents occur each year when inquisitive youngsters climb in and start the car. Also there

are many way and usually end up in a

cases where cars left running get to moving in some other wreck, : : Z

3 3

National Home Library

~ Second Section

PAGE 11

Matter In

Our Town

By Anton Scherrer

Marie Anderson, One of Salvation Army's Prettiest Lassies In Town, Had Her Eyes on Gus Rahke's Souls

ARIE ANDERSON, I remember, was tha | prettiest, certainly the cutest, Salvation

. Army lassie ever to come to Indianapolis. | | She came sometime around 1897, I believe, |

and stayed until 1899. It was worth anybody’s time to go downtown of a summer’s night just to have a look at her. Marie came to Indianapolis by way of some place in Wisconsin. She hardly had her trunk unpacked

when somebody spied her, and called her “The Belle of New York.” The name stuck all the time she was here. That was because everybody who had . been East recognized in her the striking ‘resemblance of Edna May. Sure, the same Edna May who played the part of the Salvation Army girl in “The Belle of New York.” Of course, Marie didn’t know what or who “The Belle of New York” was, and apparently didn’t care, because when persons around : town told her about Edna May she just lifted hep eyebrows and asked, “Is she such a pretty girl?” Almost immediately after she got here, she was put to work making the rounds of the hotels and the downtown saloons soliciting contributions and selling copies of the War Cry. _ She was only 18 or 19 years old at the time bub wise. As modest and reserved, too, as any girl you ever knew. Nobody got ahead of her, and as far as I know, nobody ever tried. To be sure, Marie had to stand a lot of good-natured guying, but she knew how to handle that, too. Either she went about her business, unmindful of the guying, or if that failed, she shot back a witty rebuke.

She Met Gus Rahke

It was on the “Levee,” so runs the story, that Marie Anderson first met Gus Rahke—big, good= natured Gus dressed up to fit the part he was playing in Indianapolis at the time. As luck would have it, Mr. Rahke wore all his diamonds, too, that day. Mr. Rahke dropped a silver dollar in Marie's tambourine, and sent her singing on her way. After that, he repeated the performance every time she . came around. Then came the day when somebody saw Marie riding her bicycle on Central Ave. Asked where she was going, she said she was on her way to Gus Rahke’s place opposite the entrance to the Fair Grounds. The Army, she said, needed money to pay the month’s ‘rent for their hall. . Later that day, Marie showed up with a wad of bills big enough to pay the hall rent for two months. 3 Well, Marie got to be so good that some time in 1899 she was transferred to Salt Lake City. And then one day came a letter from her asking about Gus Rahke. She said it was too bad she had to leave Indianapolis when she did, because had she been given just a little more time, she might have converted Mr. Rahke. “I had my eyes on his soul first time we met,” she said.

Mr. Scherrer

Jane Jordan—

Suicide Is Retreat from Realities

Of Life, Abandoned Husband Told.

EAR JANE JORDAN—I am 28 years old and my wife i526. I love my wife and children very. dearly. They are all I have to live for, but she says I do not love her. We have been married seven years and I have not looked at another woman in that whole time. There isn’t another I could care for as I do her; but for the last few years I have been very unlucky and she has had to work. 1 have been operated on twice and am ill now. .+ My wife’s mother has turned her against me. Sun= ‘day she went to her mother’s to spend the afternoon and Monday she sent me a note calling it quits. I went to see her, but her mother would not let me in and even drew a poker on me. I sterted to take poison, but a friend took it away from me and talked to me. I haven’t eaten or slept since Monday. Today she came and took the furniture sway. She won’t tell me if there is another man or not but just says her mother thinks it is time she quit work. I told her every dog has its day and that I will have mine soon. I am thinking of ending it all for there is nothing left for me to live for. Will you please give me some advice? BROKEN HEARTED. | o ” #

ANSWER—It is a well-known fact in biology that animals confronted by danger either retreat or attack. Human beings follow the same pattern. Take yourself, for example. You let a woman with a poker scare you and you went home to commit suicide, which is a final retreat from the vicissitudes of life, What you really wanted to do was to slaughter your mother-in-law on the spot, but there is a law against it. Then all your anger and hatred and desire to kill turned in-on yourself. In so doing you hoped to revenge yourself on those who had-injured you and make them sorry for what they had done. Nearly everyone has had the same impulse at some time or other and will be able to understand your reaction. ‘But most of us have managed to snap out of it and use all those energies released by rage and frustration to lick our problems in a constructive instead of a destructive way. I am wondering if your passiveness under fire isn’t the very quality in you which makes your mother-in-law doubt your capacity to take care of your wife and children. Of course, your illness adds to your feeling of inadequacy just now, and I believe that the tendency to retreat when threatened was there even before it was exaggerated by bad health. You need money to give you control of the situation, and you’ll have to find ways to earn it. If you won’t be well enough to work for a while, you'll have to wait, which is the hardest task of all when one is eager to go. But in the meantime you can use your head to better purpose than entertaining plans of suicide. Ere, : You say that every dog has its day. That is true only of energetic, courageous. and determined dogs. It is not true of the dog which lies down and lets someone kick it. Of course, you're filled with hatred

| toward the mother-in-law who usurped your mascus

line role of protector, but you'll simply have to prove yourself a stronger person. than she is. Strengthen your position by getting to work as soon as you are able. This is the only: way you can get the poker ‘hand away from your wife's mother. % JANE JORDAN. .

Put your problems in a letter to Jane Jordan, who will answer your questions in this column each day. 4 1" e————————————

: / f Walter O'Keete— HE President still intends to pack the Supreme Court, so hald on to your hats, boys. -Now we know why Congress really adjourned. They had to go home, rest up and get into condition for another round of harmony banquets and love feasts. ] en : LL The President is leaving for the West ‘Wednesday. We all realized that he wasn’t exactly anxious to see Justice Black again, but nobody thought he'd go to the extreme of traveling to the Pacific Coast to get away from him. : : ; ; According to reports, F. D. R. is taking this trip so that he can really learn how the taxpayers feel about things. Maybe he should stay at home by the radio and have the people give him a fireside chat.”

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