Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 July 1937 — Page 2

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DICTATOR-LED POLAND SEEKS T0 WELD POWERFUL NATION; ARMY PLAYING CENTRAL ROLE

‘Ku-Klux Klan’ Preys Warns Its Leaders ‘Foxy’ Rydz Is

BULLETIN

By United Press WARSAW,

National Concentration.”

By WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS

Times Foreign Editor

July 19.—Across Pilsudski Square in the

WARSAW, heart of the Polish capital five foot stood at attention. A group of staff officers street.

Field Marshal's | The group salute. music stopped.

up from the soldiers:

words to that

horse caught the contagion, and kicked up its heels.

Such was t

Smigley-Rydz, Smigley-Rydz

regiments. keep watch. situation than his. Poland has 34 million habitants. They are a mixed population. To the east Russia, with 165 million people, and to the west is Nazi Germany, with 68 million. It is a tossup wheih of these two is the world’s most heavily armed power. Mortal enemies, Hitler and Stalin have warned that if there is a war the fighting will not. be on their territory. It looks as if Poland might be the battleground.

Should Germany win, she would likely stay in Poland. If Russia should be the victor, Moscow at | least would see to it that a ready- | made Soviet government was left behind in Warsaw. In any case Poland would no longer be Poland.

Problem Perfectly Clear

problem, therefore, is She must be careful | not to make an enemy of either Germany or Russia. She must make herself as strong as possible. And that is precisely what she is trying to do. Col. Joseph Beck, one | | of the continent's shrewdest foreign | ministers, is doing what he can to) keep on god terms with his neighbors. Smigly-Rydz is putting the entire nation on a miltiary basis. Smigly-Rydz is Poland's ruler. | He is above the President and | above the Premier. He is 51. Clean- | shaved, square of face and of| head, he makes a soldierly appear- | ance—somewhat on the Prussian | order. He was born poor. His name, | Ryde, is said to mean “mushroom,” | perhaps because his ancestors | grew them. Smigly is a nickname, officially adopted. The word means | “foxy” or “nimble.” and was earned | by him during the war Just as Jackson earned the name “Stonewall” at Bull Run.

New Poland In the Making

Poland’s crystal clear.

Poland is like a citadel besieged. |

At least that is the way she feels about it, and thus today a new Poland is in the making—a Poland

which is taking on something of | | problem in our own Pacific Coast.

| In both cases the trouble is primar-

Italy and Germany, of Russia, and something of France, Britain, and the United States. Led by Col. Adam Koc but backed by Smigly-Rydz, a new nationalist

movement is in full swing to create! ‘led by a single | | found anti-Japanese feeling pretty

a powerful Poland °* will toward a single aim.’

The new political system is to be | high. Around the |

based upon the army. army the nation is to consolidate. That, says Koc, was Pilsudski’s idea.

Communism is rejected on the| ground that it is the doctrine of a | Class hatred is de- | The State claims the |

single group. clared alien. right to regulate conditions of labor and the employment of capital.

Land Distribution Vital

Much stress is laid on the fact | that Poland's structure is based on | the large masses of peasants and | workers. The welfare of (hese, |

therefore, is to be specially pro- |

moted

The right of private ownership | up. ' They regarded the problem as

and individual initiative is maintained, but there again the State reserves the right to guard the harmonious development of the national economy in its entirety. The question of land distribution, for example, is declared vital. ne enough peasants own their land. | Where peasants do own land, She average holding is too small (rang- | ing from one Thus while some of the large hold- | ings are to be divided up, some of | the uneconomic small ones will be consolidated.

Agricultural standards are to be i

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Country’s Ruler.

July 19.—An unknown man was blown to pieces today in an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Capt. Adam Koe, leader of the newly formed, Government approved “Party of

Suddenly there was an exclamation. musiv struck up the national anthem and as it did so a 16-cylinder Cadillac dashed up and | out stepped a slender,

He returned it just as snappily. The

man, come to present colors to the waiting On him the eves of Europe and the world should No country anywhere occupies a more delicate None has graver problems, in- &

| said Premier Fellicjan Slawoj-Skia- | other countries.

five or six acres).

on Jews, but Premier Are Courting Jail;

regiments of horse and one of

gazed expectantly down the The massed

well-built officer in a

uniform. of staffers came to a brisk

In perfect unison a roar went “Hail the Chief!” Or in stirring Polish. A whinnied loudly

effect,

he arrival of Marshal Edward the Polish Republic's No. 1

raised by State aid. Production is |

| factory.

to be stimulated. Markets are to be improved and regulated.

Industry to Be Stimulated

Tardy industrial development to be stimulated in the hope of pro- | viding a better balance between | town and country, For peasants | who can't find room on the land, | openings must be made in industrial centers. Poland, in

is |

a sense, is a land of many minorities. These are to be treated on an equal footing. They will be free to follow their own customs up to the point where these | may endanger the State. Violence against the Jews, it is expressly

| stated, will not be tolerated.

The Jew’s lot in eastern Europe |

| js certainly not to be envied. And |

nowhere is this more so than in Poland. But if anybody thinks Po- | land, herself, is happy over the situation he is mistaken. Some time ago, for example, there was an anti-Jewish outbreak at Wysokie Mazowieckie. First,

dowski, the mob flung itself against | | the Jews, then it attacked the po- | lice who had intervened. Later, at Brest-Litovsk, similar scenes. were | enacted. A policeman was Killed,

lot of people hurt. The “Klan” In Poland |

What is not generally known is that behind such outbreaks is an | organization not much unlike the late unlamented Ku-Klux Klan in | America. The chief difference 1s]

that it pretends to be something of | i

| a political party of an ultra- national- | istic order. It certainly is not sponsored by the Warsaw authorities. “No government in Poland,” said the Prime Minister, “can tolerate such excesses. They begin with the | Jews and end with anarchy. If | peace can not be established other- | wise, I am determined to send the responsible leaders of the Nation- | alist Party to prison.” If an American wants to under- | stand Poland's Jewish problem, an | American observer here told me, he | has only to study the Japanese |

ily economic. Scme 15 years ago I made a

| study of the the Japanese situation

in California, Oregon and Washington, In parts of California I

Elsewhere I discovered the Orientals very well liked.

Japanese Tended to “Colonize” In parts of California the Japanese had settled in comparatively

large numbers. They tended to “colonize.” They more or less

monopolized certain types of farm- | | ing. Californians found they could not | | compete with the Japanese in cer-

tain lines of endeavor. Ousted from their customary means of ( earning a living, they turned | against the people whom they held responsible. In Japan everybody was wrought

| tion is in their hands.

| stores

out-and-out racial. But it was not. It was economic. For in other regions of the Pacific Coast, notably in Oregon and Washington, where the Japanese had not “colonized,” but had scattered out as individuals and families over a wide expanse of territory, they were heartily welcomed.

“We Like Them,” Said Governor

“There is no anti-Japanese feeling here,” said Oregon's Governor. “We like them. They are sober and industrious. They are good workers. I wish we had more of

them.” Similarly, I am told by observers here, Poland's Jewish problem is basically economic. Poland has no intention of and | lowing the lead of Germany and | attempting to drive out her Jew- | ish citizens. Instead, said Slawoj- | Skladowski, the Government will] use every means at its disposal to | suppress anti-Jewish disturbances. But it is admitted that a solution | satisfactory to all concerned is | scarcely possible. Nazi Germany, with her 68 mil- | lion, has only about half a million | Jews, despite the furor she is | creating over them. Poland, with | half the number of inhabitants, has | 3,500,000 Jews—seven times as many as Germany.

Majority of Jews Artisans

Poland has more Jews than any other country in Europe. They | number 10 per cent of her population. The vast majority are artisans or traders. Poland has only 150,000 square miles. There are only 46 million acres of arable land. As more than 25 million people live on the farms, | the average is less than two acres | per person. “If all the arable land, forest land and meadows in Poland were cut up into 25-acre farms,” I was told, “more than 5 million peasants would still be landless.” This surplus farm population presents a terrific problem. Patently, the land must be made more productive. Patiently, also, some of the peasants must be provided with other occupations. The Government is trying to stimulate the

growth of industry in order to get a better balance between farm and

Regarded As Impassable Wall

But about 40 per cent of all artisans in Poland are Jews. Jews are also in trade and finance. Much | of the movable wealth of the na- | Accordingly. millions of the poorer Poles regard the Jews as an impassable wall barring all hope of advancement,

The Jews complain that they are being taxed out of existence. Poles reply that taxes always hit those with the largest incomes hardest.

Jewish merchants charge they are being ruined by Governmentsponsored co-operatives and other | marketing devices. The explana- | tion given me is that this phenomenon is not confined to Poland; | it is worldwide. The small inde- |

| pendent merchant is being put out |

of business by less wasteful methods of distribution—sometimes | privately financed, like the chain and mail-order houses in America, and sometimes with Gov- | ernment support, as in Sweden and |

No Anti-Semitism in Jugoslavia

In those Eastern European coun- | tries where Jews are not numerous | land are spread out—as in arr {

| Jewish shops were smashed and a | slavia—there is little anti-Semitism.

As the percentage of Jews increases | with regard to the total population, and the economic equation assumes | corresponding importance, anti- | Semitism becomes more nounced. Nazi Cermany is the exception. But there, a dictator with a pers

| a picked soldier,

| across the sea”

| anti-Semitic

| question.

Robert P. Miksell—thinks of London and marching soldiers,

» ”»

Indianapolis Buddy Tramped To Blare of London's Cheers

Robert P. Miksell thought about a London parade today and the slim, khaki-clad boys who marched so proudly down the Mall because they | had “made the world safer for democracy.” - That parade was 18 years ago today, and every American in it was Life was at high tide for Machine Gunner Miksell They had won glory in what they thought was a great crusade, and were still alive to tell _about it. With them marched their Allied ®

and his comrades that day.

comrades-at-arms—British, French, Belgians and Italians. As a “hands gesture of brotherBritish requested to take

hood, the Americans

sonal and violent complex has taken over the country, lock, stock and barrel. The Polish Government, convinced,

I am

| fort to iron out a thorny situation.

is making an honest ef- | . : : | Third Army Composite Regiment,”

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES Recalls Victory March of 1919

the | the place of . i 1

Times Photo.

» ”

honor at the head of the triumphal

of Europe. Everyone said we made a fine appearance, and I guess we did, because we were well drilled.”

This regiment, Mr, Miksell explained, was composed of 3600 men selected from the six divisions of the American Army of Occupation. Each division was allowed to send two companies of 250 men each, and these were organized into three battalions. Veteran Campaigner Like the Americans, the British troops in the parade were front line soldiers. Some of them were under fire at Mons. Mr. Miksell was a veteran in the true sense of the word then, too. He helped chase Villa in Mexico with Company C of the 4th Infantry in 1917, and then was with the first American contingent to go to France. His outfit went up first with the French Algerian infantry and the Russians at Verdun, and traveled that famous road the French called “the sacred way,” because most of the people who went up it to the lines never came back.

Wants to ‘Talk It Over’

Front his organization was sent in with the British. When the Americans came over in large enough numbers to form their own divisions, his unit became the 8th Machine Gun Battalion of the Third Division.

palm, a Victory Medal with 7 bars

wounded in action. Now Mr. Miksell, who is 37 and lives at 4615 E. Washington St, Apt. 7, is a member of the Indianapolis

GUARANTEE

| procession.

The American representatives wore tailored uniforms and they were all tall.

| better if they are long-legged, and

anti-Semitic |

their rifles are held at the same

| level.

It is no more responsible for the |

outbreaks than the

| United States Government is re- | sponsible for lynchings.

I see no solution that will satisfy all concerned. Emigration won't do it. Palestine, even if it were all given to the Jews, would be too | small. Assimilation is out of the Jewry doesn't want it.

Pogroms and persecution won't do |

| it. The Jew is as imperishable as tine.

Colonies might do it. | are the colonies?

But where

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Drilled by Gen. “They

Pershing

called this outfit the Mr. Miksell said, “and Gen. Persh-

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sergeant, “He always

parades, and this special regiment

Infantry soldiers look |

and personal supervision of an old

was with us in our |

marched in all the Allied ‘capitals * |

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In another sector of the Western |

He won a Croix de Guerre with

and the Purple Heart, given to those |

U. S. HEARING TODAY FOR BANDIT SUSPECT

FBI Agents Nab Alleged

Robber at Gary.

Raymond Driscoll, 41, wanted in| at least four states on bank robbery charges, was to be arraigned today before the U. S. Commissioner in the Federal Building. Driscoll was arrested yesterday in | the home of relatives in Gary. Federal Bureau of Investigation agents | who made the arrest said he offered | no resistance. Harold H. Reinecke,

MONDAY, JULY 19, 1937

chief, said Driscoll’s criminal record dates back to 1917.

A native of Erie, Pa. Driscoll is”,

under Federal Grand Jury indictment for robberies in Blairstown, N, J., and Milford, Pa., in 1035. Federal agents said he also is wanted in connection with bank robberies in Connecticut and New York. York.

'ROTARIANS TO HEA HEAR INDIANA SCHOOL HEAD

William B. Newell, acling prin cipal of the Wahpeton Indian | School, Wehpeton, N. D., is to dis= cuss the “Indian Contribution to Civilization” before Indianapolis Rotarians tomorrow noon in the Claypool . Hotel.

Is ~ Te JIE

those slim lads who marched Lon- | E

don’s streets. “That seems like a long time ago, now,” he said. “I thought maybe if you put something in the paper | about that old crack regiment, some | of the boys might see it and get in | touch with me. I would like to talk ' it over again with some one who was | there.”

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