Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 June 1937 — Page 17
i)
‘Vagabond
From Indiana—Ernie Pyle
Ernie Has Set Foot on Alaskan Soil, But Soon After His Conquest Fire Wiped Out the Historic Landmark.
A BOARD S. S. NORTHWESTERN, June 17.—Three days on this boat have given me an Alaska inferiority complex. Because we have real Alaskans aboard, and I’ve been listening to them. And I'm afraid that a
first-timer up here is bound to be as big a rube as the movie farm boy on his first visit to the city. If you were to superimpose Alaska upon the United States, with the southeast end at Savannah, Ga., then Point Barrow would be on the Minnesota-Can-adian line, and the tip of the Aleutian chain would be in California. That’s how big it is. And yet, only 60,000 people live in Alaska, and half of them are Indians. ‘Nearly everybody in the territory has at least heard of nearly everybody else. If Jin) is sparking Gertie up at Eagle, on the Yukon line, they're talking about it within two weeks down at Marshall, 1500 miles to the west. I've been asked a dozen times if I'm Dr. Pyle of Juneau. They tell me that after I've been in Alaska two weeks, mail just addressed to “Ernie Pyle, Alaska,” will reach me, because everybody will know where I am. I guess that's what scares me. to hide,
Going Gets Rough
We're on the famous “inside passage.” It must be one of the longest protected routes in the world. About 1200 miles from Seattle to Skagway, with only 40 miles of open water. At no time on the whole
Mr. Pyle
I won't be able
“trip are you out of sight of land.
On the first night out we stopped at 4 a. m. We were waiting for the tide to rise, to give us deeper water through a place called Seymour Narrows. We waited two hours, and then went through. Late the second day we hit Queen Charlotte Sound. That's the only place on the whole trip where you don’t have sheltering land between you and open ocean. We did pitch a little, and several of the passengers got sick. On both sides of us are medium-sized mountains, so thickly and greenly forested with fir trees that you can’t see the ground. The higher ridges are. covered with snow, and when it’s raining the mountaintops are enshrouded
"in a creampuffiness of dripping cloud, and it's very
beautiful. But we don’t pay much attention to the scenery now—because they tell us this isn’t scenery at all. Just wait till we get farther north, they say.
Very, Very Primitive
We leave our course and steam eastward up a narrow, river-like trail for an hour or so. Were going into one of those ‘“surprise” out-of-the-way ports the folders drop hints about. The name of it is Hidden Inlet. It's merely three or four big red-and-white cannery buildings, with a couple of dozen small frame houses strung along the beach. The place is populated only in summertime, when the salmon canning season is on. About half the workers are white, half are Indians. It is a very primitive and out-of-the-way place. Yes indeed. The first person we saw was a fellow driving a brand new station truck, and smoking a cigar. We were there two hours. It was pouring dewn rain. We all went ashore and gawked around, and got very wet, and came back to the ship. (Editor's noie--Since the Northwestern's visit, the entire Hidden Inlet cannery was destroyed by fire, according to radic reports.)
Mrs.Rooseveli’s Day By Eleanor Roosevelt
First Lady Honored at Graduation Exercises of Jersey City College.
EW YORK, Wednesday—We got off the train at 7:15 this morning in New York City. We had a young friend breakfast with us, and I was about to start out to do some shopping at 9 o'clock when I discovered the shop didn’t open until 9:30.
This gave me an extra half hour to go over some .
of my mail and then I started to do some shopping for my new little guest house at Hyde Park. Home again at 11 and ready to leave at 11:30 with President Edward A. Markley, of the John Marshall College of Law, and two ladies. They took me over to Jersey City for luncheon before the graduation exercises at the college. Senator and Mrs. Moore dere present, but the poor Senator could not even have any funch because he had been sent for to return to Washington. When he arose to say a few words, he remarked that he was leaving at 1 o'clock
‘but would be in Washington at 1:20, a fact I have
often found very convenient after daylight saving begins in New York City! ' On behalf of the college. Mrs. Moore presented me with a writing case which will be extremely useful on my travels. Then we all proceeded to the building where the exercises were held. © John Marshall College was started a few years ago by a group of young men who felt that an opportunity should be given to the young people of New Jersey to have two years of college and three years of law without leaving their own state. Under the laws of the State of New Jersey they can take their bar exams. Most of the young people are working their way through so they have afternoon and evening classes. The valedictorian of his class, John O. McGuire, put a great deal of fire into his speech. I am told that since his father’s death a few years ago, he has been the head of the family, kept it together and
" earned his way through college by working in a New
York bank. It is easy to see he has qualities of leadership which should mean he will make his mark in the next few years. These boys and girls are fortunate even though they may not know it, in that they do have to take up their responsibilities when young. They mature more quickly and don’t waste so much time. Before the exercises we had the usual photographs taken, which took some time. The exercises themselves were very delightful but somewhat long, so toward the end I began to wonder if I would get home in time to write this column. i However, here I am and the day is behind me and I shall long remember the kindness of Dean Ormsby and President Markley, and the evident interest they have in all their graduates. I feel much honored to have received a degree from this college. This is the last of my commencements I think, for this year. I am sorry, for I like the contact with American youth and the confidence it gives me in the future of the country.
Walter O'Keefe —
EORGE WASHINGTON was lucky to live so long ago. Today if he tried to throw a dollar across the Potomac he'd be accused of tax evasion and called “immoral.” They'd insist his real intention was to throw it all the way to a bank in Bermuda or Nassau. Nobody's too sacred. The Republicans even want to investigate Franklin D. They'd like to turn loose some ferrets at his Hyde Park farm to see if he threw a dividend across the radish patch. : And imagine how they’ll investigate a millionaire.
]
3 The Indianapolis Times
Second Section
Blame Snails for Spread of Parasites.
(Third of a Series)
The amusing little snail that crawls innocently up and down the glass walls of your goldfish aquarium, has relatives in Egypt, China and Japan that are among man’s most deadly enemies. They are the connecting links that perpetuate diseases that cause untold suffering and millions of deaths. Parasitic worms that infest the blood streams of men, known technically as liver flukes, lead a complicated existence, spending half their lives in men, the
other half in snails. . That is why scientists of the Rockefeller Foundation are studying the life habits of snails in Egypt and the Orient. Just as Gen. Gorgas eliminated yellew
fever from Cuba and Panama by destroying . the breeding places of
the mosquito which spread it, so these blood diseases might be
stopped if the snails could be conquered. How serious the situation-is in Egypt was described recently by one of the Rockefeller scientists, Dr. J. Allen Scott, in an address before the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Two species of Egyptian snails are responsible for two types of disease which afflict seven million of the 12 million people in rural Egypt. Dr. Scott reported that the seven million victims in Egypt suffered from one or both of two types of blood flukes. One lives in the veins of the intestinal wall, the other in the veins of the bladder. So deadly are they that in certain parts of Egypt they cause one out of every 22 deaths of persons between the ages of 5 and 65. Strangely enough, each blood fluke inhabits its own particular species of snail in the portion of its life spent outside. human beings. Researches have established that the diseases occur only where these snails occur.
8 zn ”
T= eggs of the flukes hatch in the streams and irrigation ditches and turn into freeswimming larva. Each larva seeks its own particular species of -snail and spends the next phase of its existence as a parasite in the liver of the snail. If if does not find its proper snail, it dies and that is why the Rockefeller scientists are certain that the disease can be controlled by controlling the breeding of the snails. After a certain time in the snail, the parasite again turns into a free-swimming larva and leaves the body of the snail. It is now that it seeks a human host. The Egyptian farmers and their families are accustomed to walk barefooted in the irrigation ditches. Their bare feet and legs provide the blood flukes with the opportunity for which they are waiting. They attach themselves to the skin, bore their way through it and enter the blood stream of the body. They circulate in the blood stream until they reach certain portions of the anatomy, the one fluke, as already mentioned, settling in the veins of the intestinal wall, the other in the veins of the bladder. The Egyptian Government is cooperating in working out methods to clean up the canals in order to get rid of the offending snails. The Rockefeller Foundation is also studying hookworm in Egypt. Mention of hookworm serves to recall the circumstances under which the Rockefeller Foundation was organized, for hookworm was the first disease that it attacked. The story is told by Dr. Victor Heiser, for many years the director for the East of the International Health Division of the Foundation ,in his entrancing autobiography, “An American Doctor’s Odyssey.”
THURSDAY, JUNE 17, 1937
I 1901, Mr. John D. Rockefeller Sr. founded the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. To assist his father in this enterprise, John D. Rockefeller Jr. brought together a group of leading American medical men. Eventually the Institute was built at a cost of 12 million dollars, and an additional endowment of 55 million dollars
‘was made available to finance its
work. However, the Rockefellers felt that their -work -should be extended § include public health and the prevention of disease as well as the scientific study of the cause and cure of disease. Accordingly, another medical group was called into conference. As Dr. Heiser tells the story, Mr. Rockefeller said to them: “I want to ask you gentlemen a question. Is there a disease affecting large numbers of people of which you can say, ‘I know all about this and I can cure it, not in 50 or even 80 per.cent of the cases, but in 100 per cent’? Furthermore, it should be possible to prevent by simple means. It should be a disease of which the cause can be clearly seen—nothing so vague as microscopic bacteria, but something visible to the naked eye. If you can name me such a disease you would not have to discourse in vague generalities about public health, but would have something concrete which the masses could understand, and concerning which they could be convinced by large scale demonstrations.” The medical men asked time to think it over. At that time, Dr. Charles W. Stiles of the U. S. Public Health Service was writing
on the importance of hookworm 4 adopted,” "Dr. Fosdick
in the southern United States. This gave them their desired clue. » 2 n ND so they returned to tell Mr. Rockefeller that they could fill his specifications with a disease which was widespread, but well-known and which was caused by an easily seen parasite, namely, hookworm. Hookworm had first been noted on this side of the Atlantic in Puerto Rico by Dr. Bailey K. Ashford of the U. S. Army Medical Service. Dr. Ashford noted widespread anemia in Puerto Rico. Many of the people were pale and colorless. Their gums were colorless and their hair dry and brittle. He traced their condition to the hookworm. The behavior of the hookworm is one of the most fantastic in medical literature. The tiny worm enters the human body by boring through the skin, usually getting in through the feet. It enters the bloodstream and circulates with it until it gets into the lung, where it crawls out of the blood vessels into the air spaces. They set up an irritation and as a result are coughed up into the throat, then swallowed. Next they make their way through the stomach to the small intestine, where they live and multiply, securing their nourishment by sucking blood from the intestinal wall. That is why the victim shows signs of anemia. Dr. Stiles had noted the same sort of widespread anemia in certain parts of the South that Dr. Ashford had found in Puerto Rico. He investigated and found that hookworm was also to blame. Thus it was that in 1909 the Rockefeller - Sanitary Commission
HO Bog ht
Side Glances
They'll take his blood test, listen to his heartbeat, take
soundings on his wallet. strap a lie-detector on his arm, and yell, “Now, come clean! Where did you hide that nickel vou got back on that milk bottle?” Yes, sir. The American taxpayers are just like
bowling pins. The politicians knock @§m flat and then set em up in the other alley. Nor
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was organized to fight hookworm in the South. It led to the formation of the Rockefeller Foundation, with an endowment of 100 million dollars, the largest single endowment in the history of the world. ” ” ” T present, the endowment of the Rockefeller Foundation is about 185 million dollars. The organization of the Foundation has been extended to include four divisions in addition to the International Health Division. In many respects, of course, the International Health Division is the most dramatic. It is the only division which has its own. field and laboratory forces. In the other fields, the Foundation operates by financing the work of scientists and.
" scholars in other institutions.
These other four fields of work, each under the eye of a separate director, deal with medical sciences, natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities. As already mentioned, Dr. Raymond B. Fosdick is president of the Foundation. The five division heads, or directors, are: Dr. Wilbur A. Sawyer, director of the International Health Division; Dr. Alan Gregg, director for the medical sciences; Dr. Warren Weaver, director for the natural sciences; Dr. Edmund E. Day, director for the social sciences, and Dr. David H. Stevens, director for the humanities. “A program concerned with the advance of knowledge runs the risk of scattering its resources over too wide a field unless a fairly definite policy of concentration is explains.
Entered - as at Postoffice,
Death lurks in the irrigation ditches of Egypt. as the dangerous blood flukes, released from snails, bore their way into human feet and
legs.
Elimination of the offending types of snails is the only way now
seen to end the menace of these dreadful parasites.
“Consequently, in natural sciences, the Foundation has for several years placed its emphasis largely on experimental biology. In the social sciences it has been particularly interested in the problems which relate to social security, international relations, and public administration. “Its work in the medical sciences has chiefly to do with psy-
chiatry, broadly interpreted; in the humanities it is working not so much on the contents of humanistic studies as on the tech-~ niques by which cultural levels are affected, i. e., radio, nonprofessional drama, - museums, libraries and language problems.”
NEXT—Genes, Enzymes.
Hormones, and
Executed Red General Knew Secrets Of French Army's High Command
By Morris Gilbert NEA Staff Writer : AS France, as well as Soviet ] Russia, “betrayed” by the young “Red Marshal,” Michael Tukhachevsky, whose execution in Moscow Roan to an end a career of exceptional military promise? Tukhachevsky was vicer commander of defense, active chief to he Red army, second only to Minster of War Vorochiloff, whom he yas in line to succeed. His career oth as an active soldier and as anking strategist—his specialty was ossible war on Russia's “Western ront,” i. e., against Germany—gave him unique pir If it was military secrets that the 43-year-old chieftain “betrayed” to Germany, as Soviet accuser vaguely hinted, he knew plenty of
France's, too. However, France might have been “betrayed” in an even more dangerous and subtle way. It, as has been
| asserted in some quarters, Tukhach-
evsky was condemned because he advocated a closer union between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia, a shiver of dread |well might have passed over high officials in France's Quai d'Orsay as well as in her military high command.
” ” #
T would have meant the abandonment by Russia—had Tukhachevsky’s reputed plan gone through —of the Franco-Soviet pact, in so far as that pact had any value as a defense of France against Germany. For a better understanding between Gérmany and Russia—beginning in a military way and progressing to economic and social fieids— would leave democratic France out on a limb. The Popular Front Gov-ernment-—which, though headed by a Socialist is not a socialist government—would probably fall.-England would find a way of patching up her squabbles with the Nazis—and France would be alone. If Tukhachevsky’s “betrayal” was along those lines, France has good reason to hate and scorn the man she so eargerly wined and dined not long ago, the man to whom the
French army confided its most cherished secrets-and plans.
Less than a year ago Tukhachevsky made a triumphant visit to France. It was a military visit. He was invited by Gen. Gamelin, French army chief of staff. He was entertained extensively by France's general staff. The French War College, in. Paris’ famous old “Invalides,” was thrown open to him. He made inspection trips not only to St. Cyr, the French West Point/ but to even more important technical laboratories and research bases devoted to developing the modern French mechanized army.
” 8 2
HERE probably isn't much about the French army, equipment, capacities and plans which the young Russian chieftain didn’t know at the time of his death. In Paris, Tukhachevsky was feted with ardor. He was received by the mightiest functionaries of state. But he soon disappeared from the public scene into the strictly guarded pale of the military high command. His
=
Michael Tukhachevsky
Indiana 4th Among States
In 1936 Turnout at Polls
By L. A, NDIANA ranked fourth in proportionate vote in the 1936 presidential election, a survey showed today, with 82.5 per cent of the Hoosiers 21 years old or over voting. West Virginia was first with 92.1 per cent, and South Carolina the lowest with 14.1.
The lineup: 1 Population, ‘21 Years 1936 Presi- Per Cent or Over dential Vote Voting *Alab .. 1,348,401 275,743 20.4 Arizoon a 44,115 124,163 50.8 *Arkansas 968,23 179,419 18.5 California 3,864,388 2,638,846 68.2 Colorado .. 23,523 488,704 78.0 Connecticut 985,782 SS te3 70.0 : 1 42 ; 3
tucky ..
1,422,434 . 1,134,
926,199
33
> 00
2
BOC) od bt oJ =F ED UN aT =I U1 =I DM «J ==]
RES62
goings and comings were not reported in the press until after they had occurred. He was hard to trace. But after a visit to some important military region—such as the Maginot Line—there would be brief accounts, carefully edited by the military censorship. Tukhachevsky’s visit was purely professional.
| n ” 8 UKHACHEVSKY was well equipped to get along well with French officers. An aristocrat, he was born on his ancestral estates in 1893. His tutors were French, a language which he spoke with fluency. Shortly before the war he was a cadet in the Russian Imperial West Point, and in the war served as a Lieutenant in the Imperial Guard. Three years: later he was a Red marshal. His war service had been brilliant and impetuous. He was captured five times. Five times he refused parole. Five times he made his escape. Later he led Soviet troops to the gates of Warsaw. His campaigning, however, soon sent him far and wide, east, north and south as well as west. He crushed Kolchak, defeated tne Whites elsewhere, fought: a terrific campaign against White invaders in the Ural Mountains and in Siberia. About 1930, Tukhachevsky’'s star waned for a moment. He had been too closely identified with Trotsky, his immediate military chief in the terrible days when the Soviets were repelling invaders, quelling revolts. He was dispatched after Trotsky’s exile, to a minor post ear Persia. But he rose again, through his military skill. At the time of his death, he was Russia’s ace military man, responsible, after Vorochiloff, for the excellence of the mammoth Soviet war machine.
| Heard in Congress
Rep. Robert F. Rich (R. Pa)—A letter I have received: from the chairman of the board of directors of the Virgin Islands Co. reads as follows: “My Dear Mr. Rich—I am sending you herewith a laboratory sam-
ple of Government House rum manufactured by the Virgin Islands Co. in St. Croix. .. . “HAROLD -L. ICKES.”
The Secretary of the Interior is
| chairman of the board of this rum
manufacturing concern, of which every member of Congress and every citizen of the United States is a stockholder. It is a Governmentowned corporation. I have their bottle of rum, and would have brought it over here to show you, but I knew I would never get it out of here, so I made up my mind I would leave it elsewhere for safekeeping. - Rep. Jennings Randolph (D. W. Va.)—I am delighted to know the gentleman was selected to receive
S | gentl man
‘the bottle, because I understand the isa teetotaler and I
¥
Second-Class Matter Indianapolis, Ind.
PAGE 17
Our Town By Anton Scherrer:
Old-Time Hoosier Matrksmen Held Only Scorn for Shotguns, but Sam Beck Did Well Making Over Rifles.
GUESS it’s a toss-up as to whether John Smither or Samuel Beck was the first gunsmith to settle in Indianapolis. I'm sure I don’t know. I'm inclined to believe, however, that Mr. Smither beat Mr. Beck by a couple of years. For two reasons: (1) Because I can’t remember ever meeting anybody who saw Mr. Smither, and (2) because I know plenty of
men in Indianapolis who remember Mr. Beck.
| Chris Bernloehr, for instance, . remembers that Mr. Beck had his shop in the alley back of -St. John's Church. And Dr. H. R. (Frank) Allen, who also has a mighty geod memory, remembers calling on Mr. Beck when he did business on Ft. Wayne Ave. I I don’t think we ought to expect anybody—not even Dr. Allen and Mr. Bernloehr—to remember more than that. Especially not, hen it’s a matter of history that Mr. Beck set up shop in Indianapolis in 1833. I guess Mr. Beck attained a ripe old age. Maybe, too, Mr. Smither died young. It's the only explanation, because to look at Dr. Allen and Mr. Bernloehr, you wouldn't think they could remember that far back. | From here on this piece is going to be about Mr, Beck and not about Dr. Allen and Mr. Bernloehr. When Mr. Beck set up shop in Indianapolis, the rifle was .the only weapon worthy of hunters. The shotgun was thought beneath the.dignity of men, and even boys disdained it. So much so that Mr. Beck was once heard to say that “shotguns will do for little girls.” Twenty years later, however, Mr. Beck had to eat his own words, because by that time men were beginning to buy shofguns.
Evidence Backs Up Foint
Anyway, it’s a curious fact that it was not until the German immigration began to affect social conditions around here that the shotgun began to displace the rifle. In support of which I cite a gun Kurt Vonnegut owns today. Originally, it was a rifle that belonged to the Schramm. family, a progenitor of the Vonnegut dynasty. The Schramm family took the rifle to Mr. Beck and had him change it into a shotgun, and that’s the condition of Mr. Vonnegut’s gun today. After that, Mr. Beck did a big business changing rifles into shotguns. : ~ Some of the pioneers, however, wouldn't let Mr. Beck monkey with their rifles. For the very good rea« soi that they could do everything with a rifle that anybody else could do with a shotgun. Legend has it, for instance, that Nat os 1850) could shoot a
Mr. Scherrer
running turkey’s head off with a rifle. No Special Conditions
Up to the time of Mr] Cox’s achievement everybody around here said that was impossible. It might be possible, they said, if a turkey were running die rectly away from, or toward a hunter, but utterly ime possible, except by accident, under any other condie tion. : nd Well, Mr. Cox didn’t ask for any special conditions. He shot turkeys’ heads off coming and going, and called his shots. The fact of the matter is that Mr, Cox got to be so good that he wrote a testimonial, in the course of which he gave Mr. Beck’s rifle credit for the trick. Mr. Beck thought so much of the testi monial that he put it in his show window. :
A Woman's View By Mrs. Walter Ferguson
Portrait | of Moderns Seen Painted In Small Talk Around Bridge Table.
«y HAVEN'T any patience with fat people,” said Ethel, one of a group of bridge fans sipping coffee after the game. “That’s what I always tell sister, who simply has to watch her diet. She takes after grandma—all the Corrys are fat. But just as 1 say, imagine anybody carting a 30-pound sack of flour around with her wherever she goes. Excess fat’s the same thing. But some people haven't any selfcontrol. They're weak, that’s what you have to call them—just plain weak.” Ethel straightened her slim body, looking as selfsatisfied as the cat that had swallowed the canary. And fell at once to her own favorite diversion—gossip. For Ethel is one of the greediest women alive, when it comes to desiring tidbits of news about other people's business. She~never makes the slightest effort to control her curiosity or bridle her tongue. _ Delia, sitting beside her, disapproves of Ethel’s lust for news, eats sparingly and talks little. Indeed. she is noted among her friends as a rare creature who never speaks ill of another. Her passion is bridge. She is a reckless player and would gladly sit all day and half the night at the table. Gambling has become an obsession with her. She’s even beginning to look like the Queen of Spades. The third member of the party was Joyce, who has no control of her emotions. Her demands on the time and affection of her hushand and children are immoderate. She is like a leech sucking their life blood. : With them was Caroline, who is scornful of all their weaknesses. Caroline, she would have you know, is a thorough modern, believing passionately in freedom for women. And freedom in her opinion means sex license, although she never uses such a blunt phrase, Self-expression. That's what Caroline calls it, and she is scornful of the simpletons who go through existence without having several lovers. We must have “emotional release, she preaches. And there you have us. Amusing moderns, each with her own peculiar notions of self-discipline and altogether liking to make fun of the old celibates and saints whom we regard as slightly cracked.
New Books Today
Public Library Presents—
HOOSING fron) that period of England’s history when many men of genius made obeisance to Elizabeth the Queen, Norah Lofts has selected Sir Walter Raleigh as hero for her second novel. His career as courtier, soldier. explorer and colonizer, poet land lover, she illumines with singing prose in HERE WAS A MAN (Knopf). In short, episodic chapters the interpretation grows: Ambition and lust for power warring with softer attributes of poet and philosopher. Ever behind the man—as we see him fighting, capturing rich Spanish galleons, struggling up Guiana’s jungle rivers, making love during tender, stolen trysts, drinking at ithe Mermaid Tavern in the immortal company of Shakespeare, Sir Philip Sidney, Kit Marlowe, Sir Francis Drake, or appearing as country gentleman or as exquisite at court—stands the imperious figure of the Queen, whose capricious favor it was ambition’s death to lose. : Many favorite legends are here: Sir Walter flings his rich coat into the mud that his’ Queen may keep her slippers immaculate; he introduces into England that strange edible root, the potato, and teaches his friends to smoke the fragant tobacco, brought from the far Virginias which he has helped to colonize. And when Elizabeth was dead, we see Raleigh, accused of high treason, stripped of his honors. When his long years in the Tower, where he had written his history of the world and from which he had watched | a tiny ship sail away for the new world with a certain Capt. John Smith aboard, were mercifully behind him,
we that he wale firmly and with high
RE EA CSTR 5