Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 May 1937 — Page 13

> FRIDAY, MAY 7, 1937

Chemical Successful in

War Against Pneumonia Described by Physician]

\Quinine Preparation Synthesized by Mellon Institute | Laboratory May Provide Means to Reduce Death Rate of Disease About One-Half.

By WATSON DAVIS Copyright, 1937, by Science Service PITTSBURGH, May 7.—Successtul chemical warfare against pneumonia, one of the major diseases of mankind, by which there seems a good chance to reduce deaths to about half, was made public this morning by Dr. William W. G. Maclachlan, physician-in-chief at Pittsburgh'’s Mercy Hospital, speaking at the opening ceremonies of the Mellon In-

stitute’s new building here. The chemical used ‘3 yethlapocupreine. It is one of 76 chemical preparations based on quinine which ‘were synthesized| by a Mellon Institute laboratory staff under direction ef Dr. L. H. Cretcher, and then tested on mice, rabbits and dogs to determine whether they should be tried on human cases. * For two winters Dr. Maclachlan "and his associates have used as much of the new chemical as could be produced in treating severe cases of pneumonia. ' For 100 cases treated this past winter, the mortality was 27 per cent compared with a normal

100 nonspecifically treated cases in Pittsburgh hospitals. With due scientific cesution, Dr. Maclachlan said: “We can safely say that in hy-

droxyethylapocupreine we have de- |

veloped a quinine derivative [which is devoid of any visual disturbance and which appears to have power in, affecting a certain number of pneumonia cases in man. Its exact clinical status will have to wait un.til a|larger number of cases have been [studied by others and by. us.”

| Administration Simple

Extremely simple ‘is the administration of the new chemical. patient simply swallows it in capsules|as though it were quinine. Gigantic doses are given, 400 ‘to 800 grains or even. higher during a weeks time. for adults is 120 grains.

The chemical is also effective on | pneumonia infections.

hydrox-

{ Dr. Maclachlan; The

the kinds of pneumonias for which there is no serum, such as type three. The beginnings of this new attack on the pneumococcus germ and the disease it produces go back to a German observation in 1911 that the quinine derivative, reine or optochin, had strong power to destroy the germ. But when it was tried on patients it produced temporary blindness in some -cases. In Germany, Japan and at the Mellon Institute research was pushed to produce a similar effective chem-

{ical without the blindness hazard. mortality of about 45 per “cent. for

Some - 20,000 white mice were used in Mellon Institute experiments over the last four years until the present chemical was developed.

Increase Amount Produced

The chemists have been successful in increasing the amount of the chemical produced and there is now prospect that supplies of it will be available for issue to other hospitals for wide-spread clinical trials. “This chemical is. compatible 80 far as we know wilh the use of any form of serum which may be given in certain types of pneumonia,” said “and further the ease of administration will make it very available for the general practitioner of medicine to use early in pneumococcic disease of the lung.” Hydroxyethlapocupreine is , also

The usual daily dose |useful in treating empyema, one of {the common complications of severe

A weak so-

‘Bell

ethylhydrocup- .

lution of the chemical injected into the pleural cavity speeds healing, experience has shown. Dr. Maclachlan warned, however, that the new chemical has no beneficial action on influenza or streptococcus infec- | tion.

One striking observation in the clinical tests on pneumonia was that better results were obtained when the treatment with the chemical began on the third day of the attack, instead of the first or second day. The experimenters are now attempting to discover the reason for this. It may have great practical importance as the mortality in cases where treatment was delayed until the third day was less than 5 per cent, compared with 27 per cent for the first day and 34 per cent for the second day.

Telephone Problem

Making many hundreds of telephone conversations travel where only one traveled before is the great problem that scientists are solving for the future of telephony, Dr. Frank B. Jewett, president of Telephone Laboratories, revealed here this morning. Television has been mentioned most frequently as the use for the so-called coaxial cable that has been installed experimentally hetween Philadelphia and New York, but Dr. Jewett's emphasis on the future need of being able to transmit a large number of noninterfering conversations over a single pair of physical channels makes it clear that telephone research men are even more interested in this modern development of “wires” for use in serving ordinary speech needs. Only by the continuance of research will the extreme reliability and the low cost necessary to modern

47 FACTORIES TOP |

telephone efficiency be maintained, Dn. Jewett warned. Like geographical exploration, telephone has about reached’ the end of territorial expansion. Engineers are confident that they can send the human voice to any place on earth. i As the number of telephones in service increase, less expensive apparatus is demanded to offset the inherent increase of cost that comes with greater size of the telephone system. Dr. Jewett credits the research laboratory with offsetting this factor in the past. It is his hope for the future, Extreme reliability is demanded in telephone service because one vac- | uum tube filament burned out or | one contact broken may interrupt hundreds of important conversations or sever links between continents. Only by constant testing and research can reliability be maintained, Dr. Jewett said.

| | | |

74 MILLION OUTPUT

Times Special WASHINGTON, May T7—Fortyseven Indiana factories making au--tomobile bodies and parts, produced a product valued at $74,846,462 in 1935, the Department of Commerce reported today. The report is part of a national census of manufacturers and was prepared by the Bureau of Census. Wages for the period amounted to $16,660,514, salaries $4,209.121, and material costs $39,606,685. The average number of wage earners employed was 14,133 and salaried officers and employees 2208. Value added by manufacture was $35,239,771.

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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

PAGE 13

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