Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 April 1937 — Page 8

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~ THE INDIANAPOLIS

WEDNESDAY; APRIL 2

Scientists Assemble Complete Weather Encyclopedid for North America

By SCIENCE SERVICE

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., April 28.— The first complete weather encyclopedia for the North American continent has been assembled by Harvard University scientists in co-operation with Government meteorologists of the United States, Canada, Alaska and Mexico. Based on detailed weather tables compiled during the last helf-cen-tury or more throughout the continent, the atlast affords a bird's eye view of the area’s broad climatic features that is expected to be of particular use to meteorologists both in forecasting and in research on

the origins of various weather phenomena. It will also be useful as convenient source of information on North America’s wide-rang-ing climate. Ultimately, through improved forecasting, it may also benefit weather-dependent industries, especially agriculture. In addition to exhaustive tables, diagrams and maps, the work features an interpretive text discussing the continent's large climatic provinces, temperatures, pressures and winds, humidity and. evaporation, rainfall, cloudiness, fog, thunderstorms, tornadoes, sunshine, climatology of the free air, climate rela-

tions to health and crops, and other weather factors. Also featured are analyses of such phenomena as the droughts of 193035, the accompanying dust storms, and the human significance of weath€r variations. Havana Professor Helped The survey has been largely prepared by Prof. Charles F. Brooks, director of Harvard's Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, who completed the original compilation and analyses begun jointly with the late Prof. Robert Ward of Harvard. The. work has been published as part’ of the massive German Kop-

pen-Geiger . Handbook of Climat-

ology, which upon completion will present important weather facts of the entire world. Most interesting to the average reader, perhaps, is the survey's revelation of what might be called weather championships. Outstanding sunshine centers of the United States, for example, are the California-Arizona borderland, which averages more than 300 clear days a year, and St. Petersburg, Fla., which ordinarily has less than five sunless .days a year. The country’s cloud center, on the other hand, lies over the state of Washington, where

coastal cities have abouts 180 overcast days a year. Snow and Rain Records Pacific coast areas also hold the country’s records for rain and snow, the survey shows, with annual falls of 200 inches found in the Olympic Mountains of northwetsern Washington, more than five times the average of the northeastern coast. Here, too, are the nation’s heaviest rains, with occasional runs that last from 30 to 40 days in a row. The Great Lakes region runs a close second, with spells of rain of from 20 to 30 days’ duration. Record for the wettest month goes to Helen Mine,

Cal., which in January, 1909, had 69 inches of rain. Heaviest snowfalls are found on the western flanks of the Sierra Nevada and - Cascade ranges, which have an average of 35 feet each winter. Record fall was in 1906 when 75 feet fell on Mount Tamarack near Alpine City, Cal. Turning to the driest part of the

country, the survey awards the palm |

to southeastern California, southwestern Arizona and western Nevada, where rain averages only eight inches annually. It is quite common for this area to have five winter months without a drop of rain

or flake of snow. New England, in contrast, has the country’s evenest precipitation, a little over three inches a month to give a total of 40 inches in the normal year. - Thunderstorm center of the nation lies along the central and eastern coast of the Gulf of Mexico with 70 to 90 such storms a year. Low spot for them is San Jose, Cal.— one a year. Most savage cold waves for severity, suddenness, and frequency are in the East. Three or four such waves are felt in this region every

winter. . The severest blizzard |ever recorded in the East, in March, 1888, had wind velocities that averaged 25 miles per hour, reached a peak of 75 miles per hour. Drifts 40] feet deep were piled up. Lightning kills between 500 land 700 people annually in the United States and twice as many are| ine jured, the report declares. en mortality occurs in the Ohio Valley, and the Middle Atlantic states, Lightning fires take an annual toll of $12,000,000 or more a year. Hail, most predominant in May, takes an even greater toll, abouf $15,000,000 a year. |

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