Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 April 1937 — Page 21

Vagabond

FROM INDIANA

ERNIE PYLE

EW YORK, April 16.—Among the more Interesting items of literature in New York these days are the classified advertisements in the London Times offering lodgings In London during the Coronation. Here is one: “Coronation—Luxuriously furnished private residence; 4 reception rooms, 12 bedrooms; 10 minutes from Piccadilly Circus; $5000 per month.” : Sold. To me and my friends. Here's another one: “Rent, Coronation week or fortnight, the Grove, Seal, Sevenoaks; 26 miles from London, half hour train; 4 reception rooms, 12' master’s bedrooms, 8 servants in--cluded; 28 acres, gardens, vege-. tables, golf, hard tennis court; plate, linen, light, heat included; $1600 weekly.” Wrap it up, boys. Throw in one more pretty chambermaid, and we’ll bring the whole thing back to America with us. z In New York, when you {ender a $5 bill or anything bigger to a cashier, you have to stand and wait while he or she gives it the once-over, and reads the number, and thinks about it awhile. I have a friend up here who, years ago, had one false tooth on a little plate. while a permanent tooth was being modeled. The tooth was always falling out, and at parties my friend spent half his time on his hands and knees, hunting for it. Well, we were recalling it the other night, and laughing about it, and my friend's wife told about a fellow she knows. He is a young Bohemian of sorts, down in the Village, and he had several front teeth taken out. He was too poor to buy false ones, so he would just fashion some out of white wax and stick them in. They worked all right—except that when he went to eat he'd forget to take them out, and when

he put hot soup in his mouth his teeth always melted. !

#"

Liked ‘The Women’

WENT the other day to see a play called Women.” It is, apparently, the most controversial play on Broadway. Heywood Broun got beside himself with rage over it. I thought it was swell.

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” ” The Billy Minsky burlesque enterprises have five theaters—one each in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Boston, Miami and Hollywood. Backstage in every theater is a cat. be a tradition. Nobody knows how it started. Now and then the cat wanders out on the stage during the show. If it doesn’t then somebody throws it .out, just for fun. : : One day, at the Brooklyn theater, the cat had kittens. And as a hospital bed, Mama Cat picked out a sirip-teaser’s overcoat which had fallen on the floor. Miss Strip-Teaser came back to find her overcoat covered with new kittens. She was overjoyed. ‘Oh, this is wonderful,” she shouted. “This is a good omen. This will bring me good luck.” That night she was fired for being drunk. : 2 = = Why Burlesque Flourishes O wonder burlesque flourishes, when stuff like this exists: I wanted to see Beatrice Lillie’s musical show at

the Winter Garden. At the box office I couldn't get | If I could

the seats I wanted inside of three weeks. have got them the price would have been $4.40. I went to a ticket scalper, or broker, or agency, or whatever they call their dignified selves. I could get them there all right—at $7.70 per! But I didn't.

Mrs.Roosevelt’s Day |

By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

_ (VHARLESTON, S. C, Thursday—Our drive from |

Asheville to Charleston yesterday was a con-

stant progress into spring. We found the dogwood

in full blecom in the woods and came upon our first - live oaks with the moss blowing in the wind. I've always felt that this moss had a sinister appearance,

except in one place, where we drove .over a long

causeway with swamps on either side of us. There it seemed to me far more graceful and beautiful than sinister. The sun may haye had something to do with it. It was dark when we reached Charleston, but Miss Hickok had been here before and we had no difficulty in finding the Battery and the Villa Margherita, where we are staying, The first person I walked into was Dr. Alexander Forbes of Boston, who is here with his wife. As we sat at dinner in the courtyard with a fountain playing, Michael Strange came over |and spoke to me. I imagine this is a place where many people meet. Miss Hickok and I called for my old friend Mrs. Huntington this morning and, as we drove slowly through the streets, I began tio get the charm of the old place and the beauty of the old houses. Mrs. Huntington has a fascinating little house on King St., which we just looked into, for we have a promise of really going over it when |we return for tea this afternoon. Then she joined us and we drove out to Middleton Gardens. The azaleas are practically over, and they tell me they were not particularly beautiful this year. But the place we are stepping at needs no azaleas to make it beautiful. Mrs. Smith, whose husband has inherited it, made us enter over the o:iginal steps which led into the old house, id during the war between the states. Certainly the people who wilderness had imagination and breadth of vision rarely equalled. The gateway is exactly opposite the old house entrance and you look straight through from the entrance to a bend i the River Ashley.

an this place out in the

Sixty acres of garden, five terraces down to the water, with a butterfly shaped lake at the bottom before you reach the last walk along the river's edge. Tradition says it took 10 years to make thése terraces.

New Books

PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS—

T is not so much what he [tells you as the fashion in which he precipitates [you into environments throbbing with life of one kind or another, that makes Rudyard Kipling’s SOMETHING OF MYSELF (Doubleday) so vital a book. | The saddest case study ever penned about a child of exiles of empire is in this memoir. How the boy ever survived his experience to become a boast of English letters is a question for psychologists to answer. There is much here, too, |for the creative writer. Inspirations, methods, and the laborious struggle of creation are uniquely set down—“I made my own experiments in weights, colors, perfumes, and attributes of words in relation to other words. No line of my verse or prose, but has been mouthed till tongue has made all smooth, and memory, after many recitals, has mechanically skipped the grosser superfluities.” No lover of Kipling or lover of good memoirs should miss this book. 8 a N outgrowth of the daily experience of the writers, the book PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF RECREATIONAL THERAPY FOR THE MENTALLY ILL (Barnes), by John E. Davis of the Amer-~ ican Physical Education Association, and Dr. William Dunton Jr. instructor of psychiatry in Johns Hopkins University and former president of thé American Occupational Therapy Association, minimizes the theoretical side of the subject and gives practical programs for the education and re-education of the mentally ill. The authors trace the latest developments in their field, describe the types of diseases, and classify the psychological and social adjustment tests to which the patient is submitted; and the formal and informal exercises used in his rehabilitation. They state the aims and considerations in prescribing reactional therapy, and outline a training course for nurses and ‘attendants, :

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“The

It has got to |

he Indianapolis Times

Boycott Worried Them 50 Years Ago Like Sit-Down Strikes Do Now

“Order” deflated “King Violence” in this cartoon by the celebrated Keppler 50 years ago.

” n ” (Editorial, Page 22)

By JACK FOSTER

, Times Special Writer

TUBNING back the pages of Puck to

1886, the reader finds a s disputes that convinced the

Bunner, and his art director,

pler, that the country was dogs. Anyone who believes that

upheavals are unique in American history should consider the dour contents of those

50-year-old magazines.

The pages were filled with warnings, manifestoes, righteous indignation, viewings with alarm and predictions of calamity—just as the pages of many journals

today. It was the boycott then,

the sitdown, that caused the

tress. gloom in 1886 were almost pre-

cisely the same as those of 1937. | The boycott was the weapon i

adopted by the Knights of Labor, forerunner of the American Federation of Labor. It was applied, not only against certain employers, but against anyone who had dealings with those employers. It rocked the city from the Battery to Harlem and drew well-nigh weekly misgivings from Mr. Bunner's efficient pen.

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v HE right to strike,” he wrote |

“is a right that belongs to every man in a free country. But boycotting has nothing to do with right or with freedom. The boycott can claim no kinship with the strike. It is twin brother to riot and violence. If the people against whom it is directed refuse to submit passively, the boycott can be made effective only by violence.” There you have a typical editorial of the day—merely change the word “boycott” to “sit-down” and it could be sent down as is to the composing room. .- To make the viewpoint more graphic, Mr. Keppler, a master of lampoon, came through with several - blistering cartoons. He pictured the boycott as a bloody red flag in the hairy paw of King Violence. The King was supported

in his rise to dictatorship by every i

evil being from Communism to the witch-like madame, Incendiarism. Oh, they were worried in 1886 about the fate of the nation!

Otherwise the words of ®

eries of labor editor, H. C. Joseph Kepgoing to the

today’s labor

rather than editorial dis-

nin Shen

| NE morning, in his office at Houston and Mulberry Sts. Editor Bunner decided that then was as good as any time for plunging into the racial cause of the boycott. He rolled up his sleeves, gripped his pen and laid it all on | the Irish immigrants. In this day, wnen in New York, Irish and immigrant are no longer inevitably coupled words, it is curious to read Mr. Bunner’s analysis. 2 “This boycott,” he declared, “was a scheme invented in Ireland by a highly civilized :lot of people who |" were in the habit of putting needles into the fodder of their neighbors’ oxen and asses when they happened to have a grudge against those neighbors.” Mr. Bunner contintied in this "vein for a column or so, but apparently without great success. The boycott continued to bloom. By late spring, in 1886, it had flowered pretty generally over the city, and the editor began to search out more specific causes for the gloomy state. » ” ” N - particular, he found the Knights of Labor headed, as he pointed out, by “the man Powderly.” Now, Terence Vincent Powderly was a man who went to church. never used tobacco, rose at 7 a. m. and could dictate one letter at the same time he wrote another. ‘Nevertheless, because he had helped create the boycott and because the boycott was going to

wreck the country, Mr. Bunner showed no mercy. “He,” said the editor, referring to Mr. Powderly, “has turned loose upon this country his ‘organization’ to boycott, to intimidate, to ‘wreck trains, to assault and murder . . . The moral responsibility for all the lowliness, iolence, crime and general misery brought about by the recent labor troubles rests on Mr. Powderly’'s head.” There you have another close parallel with the situation today. With certain modifications the attacks on Mr. Powderly suggest the criticism being made of the most spectacular labor figure of this day—John L. Lewis. It is their methods that brought them to the editorial carpet—the boycott and the sit-down technique—and the effect on the workers of these techniques that worried the honest commentator,

f=: # x =n “ HE time has come,” said Mr.

Bunner, “when the workingmen of this country must fight for

their liberty, their rights, their |

self-respect. Their fight is not with their employers—it is with the idle, the worthless, the vicious, the intemperate, the ignorant of their own number. “The industrious, sober, able workingman is today suffering under a tyranny worse than any possible tyranny of capital or monopoly—the tyranny of the trades unions and the so-called labor organizations. There was a time when Such, fsocialions protected

FORD MAY PROVE HARDER NUT THAN G.M. FOR C. I. O. TO CRACK

By E. R. R.

ig HE Supreme Court has spoken; now the United Automobile Workers will act,” said Homer Martin, commenting on the Wagner act decisions. He. announced that a

{ campaign to organize the 90,000

workers employed in Henry Ford's River Rouge plant, largest automobile factory in the world, would be started at once. At Washington, Chairman Madden of the National Labor Relations Board said he believed the Wagner act would apply to the Ford company under. the Supreme Court's interpretations. ’ Henry Ford may well prove a harder nut for the C. I. O. to crack than General Motors or Big Steel. For one thing, the Ford Motor Co. makes many of its own raw materials and accessories, and, if its own men are reasonably satisfied, is less vulnerable to attack by the sitdown method than its less selfsufficient competitors. For another thing, Ford has had time to build up large inventories. Finally, the Ford Co. is an anomaly in this day and generation—a mammonth industrial enterprise under single ownership. There are no minority stockholders to ask embarrassing questions. It was to forestall just such questioning of the company’s policies that Henry and Edsel Ford prior to 1920 bought up all minority stock, at a stiff price. And there are no bankers to be consulted. If the Ford plants are shut down, the company may suffer heavy loss, but its two owners can afford to pay the cost. A long shutdown was put into effect in 1921, when the Fords were pressed for funds with which to repay loans, largely contracted for purchase of the minority Lim oR

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stock. The company used up most of its supplies, and got price concessions on other supplies, in manufacturing large quantities of cars. It unloaded these on dealers under threat of loss of the agency, drew drafts on the dealers, and then sat tight with all operations suspended for a long period—a kind of sit-down shutdown, " ” »

ENRY FORD, if not disposed to shut down, may fight unionization with a pay increase, even if that brings his pay level well above that of his competitors. At Ways, Ga., on April 7, following settlement of the Chrysler strike, Ford said: “We'll never recognize the United Automobile Workers or any other union.” Three days later he added: “We have been holding down production so as not to take advantage of strike-beset competitors. But when this strike mess is entirely over, we'll demonstrate some real competition in guantity production such as never seen before with new methods that will call for more skill, higher wages, and a larger number of employees.” In January, 1914, Mr. Ford startled the world by announcing a $5 a day minimum wage—well above not only general wage scales, but also the existing Ford scales. Before the depression, the Ford minimum was $6 a day. In November, 1929, soon after the depression broke, Ford attended a conference of industrialists summoned by President Hoover in an attempt to avert wagecutting. At the conference, Ford saw the President and went him . one better by announcing a new $7

Ty,

lowing principles. . To him

minimum. But the Ford Co. could not maintain the new level. Toward the end of 1931, the minimum

| became $6 again, and a year later

it was down to $4. In March, 1934, it rose to $5, and it was made $6 once more in May, 1935. The 30hour week has been in effect in the Ford pldnts for some time.

8. ” ” H=®Y FORD'S antiunion position is a matter of principle, and his economic situation is such that he can afford the luxury of fol- , labor unions are “the worst-—thing that ever struck the earth.” They are “backed by war-seeking financiers and take away a man’s independence.” In an interview with Anne O'Hare McCormick in 1934, Ford asserted that strkes more often than not were promoted by ‘unscrupulous capitalists.” He continued: “Labor? Capital? What are they? Do my employees work for me or do I work for them? Bargaining . .. as we see it conducted by. unions and employers, by strikes and lockouts, degenerates into a struggle to get the better of the other fellow. a “I cannot see myself as bargaining against my men. I cannot accept a method which implies that our interests are not identical. My job (among other things) is to share the profits so that they can: buy their own products. . . . “At that, I wouldn't call strikes waste, or advocate any Fascist system of calling them all off. They are experience. The strikers learn, the bublic learns, and sometimes the

employers learn =

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Fostoffice, Indianapolis,

2?

All the social wickedness of the day was portrayed as attending

the boycott in the Puck cartoon above.

At the left, Keppler shows

Powderly and Arthur rescuing honest labor from the anarchist, socialist

and violence.

| the workingman. That time has | gone by. The only workingmen | they protect today are the idle and the impatient.” And then came the threat to boycott Puck itself! In its headquarters the Central Labor Union entertained a resolution forbidding its members—and all labor—to buy the «magazine. “An idiot or incendiary,” Puck called the gentleman who thought up the resolution. It was debated vigorously, but not passed. Unsaoothed by this fortunate outcome, the zealous Mr. Bunner, still believing that industry must be governed by the law of the survival of the fittest, addressed his column directly to John Smith, head of the Central Labor Union.

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"Cian itself is no power at all,” he insisted. “It is the knowledge and wisdom behind capital that make it an engine of power . Mr. Jay Gould has capital and he can do a great deal with his capital. He can turn it over and increase it and run railroads with it and give employment to thousands of men. “But if you were to hand all Mr. Jay Gould's millions over to Mr. Martin Irons, he would not have six-pence left in 10 ‘years’ time—because Mr. Gould knows

does not. Mind you, I have no liking whatever for Mr. Gould. Mr. Irons is probably a much honester man than Mr. Gould. . “But Mr. Gould has taken the trouble to learn something. He has learned enough to behave—sometimes—Ilike a reasonable law abiding, public-spirited citizen. This Mr. Martin Irons has never

how to use capital, and Mr. Irons |

trouble to learn it—or to learn anything else.” : To which Mr. Smith, with grave common sense, replied: “I hold that there are hundreds of thousands of honest and industrious laboring men, not one of whom has laid by a thousand dollars, each of whom has ‘made more money,’ created more wealth, done more good in the world than either Jay Gould or Vanderbilt with his scores of millions.

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“Y ALSO hold that yearly productions of the.earth, being produced by the labors of all, shall go to the support of all. And that the man who does the hard work of manual labor is justly entitled to a sufficient portion to enable himself and his family to live healthily, comfortably and decently—even if the wealthy have to cut down their expenses to five or six thousand dollars, or 20 or 30 or 50 thousand a year.” In reply to this the quieted and, it seemed, half-smiling-to-himself Mr. Bunner wrote: : “Your answer is so modest, intelligent, fair and well-expressed that I can hardly believe it comes ‘from the headquarters of the Central Labor Union.” : Whereupon the embittered comment on the boycott began {& taper off into less pessimistic channels. A sporting spirit, it seemed, rose in that column beneath the cocky young figure of J. Addison Puck where H. C. Bunner all . spring had declared that there “never was such a labor crisis as this. By August Puck apparently had decided that the country wasn’t going to be wrecked after all, for it began a sweeping cam-

learned. He will never take the

paign against the mugwump.

EW YORK, April 16—The French franc. is in trouble again. And this is not unnatural. What does it mean? Above all, { what does it mean to us?. | We merely have to remember that we are now in an era of managed exchange and managed currencies. | Before the depression the currencies | of the various trading nations were valued in the international market pretty much on the basis of their actual value. The franc was worth more or less what an Englishman was willing to pay for it in pounds; what an American was willing to pay for it in dollars. But with the coming of the depression and the experiment of England, this is no longer so. Each nation has decided what its currency should fetch in international exchange, each nation has set up a stabilization fund to peg the price of is currency. England began it. She decided that she would go off the gold standard and, in effect, devalue her pound in the exchange market in order to check imports and increase exports. There was another reason. England's gold supply was being drained away. It was dwindling to a point where her credit was imperiled. Therefore she had to do something to stop the outflow of gold. Hence she went off the gold standard. 50 she took advantage of this jam to get an advantage. She decided to let the value of the pound fall in international exchange. The effect of this was to make it easier for foreigners to buy in England and harder for Englishmen to buy abroad. ” 2 = THER countries followed suit— those comprehending what was called the gold bloc. But the next important step came when the United States went off the gold standard. This was done when gold was flowing in fright away from our shores at the time of the banking crisis. : The next stage was the devaluation of our dollar in terms of gold. This was done, not because we were forced by any necessity, but: was & device suggested to the President by Prof. Warren as a means of stimulating the exports of agricultural products and raising their price. By devaluing our dollar, we made it easier for foreigners to buy in our market. At least that was the intention. But of course it was not to be supposed that foreign governments would submit to this and reprisals quickly followed. . THis left France in a position where her franc had a high price

in the world markets. -And the re-| | LE : +

vania- Ave. $3)

Currency Stabilization ~ Facing Test, Flynn Says

By JOHN T. FLYNN

Times Special Writer

sult was that France began to lose gold. This became critical last year and France devalued her franc. At the time a tripartite agreement was made between the United States, Great Britain and France to support the currencies of each other at a stable point and to a certain extent. Hence we are now in a period where the international value of these currencies is pegged, managed, held up or down artificially by governments acting as manipulators. The question now arises whether this is not too big a job. Rumors have got around that there is to be a change in the international valuation of our dollar and the franc— perhaps the pound. This naturally sets in motion a lot of speculation. The chief importance of the situation lies in this—that the experiment in stabilization faces its first big test.

HEARD IN CONGRESS

Rep. Snell (R. N. Y.)—This is not a question of Mr. Kennedy's ability in any way. (Joseph P. Kennedy, just named tp the Maritime Commission.) I do not know the gentleman. I imagine he is*probably one of the best men you are appointing to that commission, but I just want to call the attention of the House

to the fact that if the Republican organization asked to make a special exemption so some particular man could take one of these jobs, you men would go right through the roof and want to know if he was the only man in the United States who could fill it. :

” ” ” Rep. Harry Sauthoff (Prog. Wis.), discussing reciprocal trade agreements: Dr. Sayre ... is one of the most cultured, best educated, and, withal, one of the ablest men in the service of the State Department. He combines with these qualities a very charming personality. This makes a persuasive combination that is hard to resist; but, like .all: fanatics, on certain subjects he overstates his side of the case. : a 2s Senator Wheeler (D. Mont.)—I do not think anybody in my state has ever accused me of being afraid, and I am not afraid now. ‘I am not

afraid of being denied some patronage by Mr. Farley, and I am not afraid of being denied patronage or pap from the other end of Pennsyl-

ings when they face tribulation.

Second Section

PAGE 21

-

ur Town

REVERSING the usual order of things, 1 called on an insurance mgn the other day. 1 had several things on my mind, among them the incredible number of women centenarians now bobbing up ih the news-

papers. It didn’t worry the insurance man at all. He says about 30 out of every 1,000,000 people stand a show of reaching the age of 100. Like as not, 20 of them will

be women. He doesn’t know why. It’s just one of those things, like a lot of others connected with the other sex that it's better to take for granted, if we know what is good for us. Some women, said the insurance man, hold out a little longer, but not much over 105 years. If they do, it’s dollars to doughnuts they don’t carry life insurance, because in the last 150 years the insurance companies never had to deal with a case over 106 years old. | Of course, there is a lot of four-flushing about old age, just like everything else. And curiously enough, or maybe not at all, most of the four-flushing is done by the old men. | Take the case of Thomas Parr, said the insurance man, warming up to his subject. Old Barr had every= body believing he was 152 years old when he died in 1635. Even his King, Charles I, believed it. Enough anyway, to have Parr’s body brought to London and put in Westminster Abbey. My insurance man, who I forgot to say is an actuary by trade said he didn’t want to deprive Mr. Parr of his last resting place, but he doubted whether the old boy deserved it. As an actuary, he felt compelled to point out that there isn't a bit of proof to show that he was born in 1483. Everybody just took his word for it, which, of course, is more than a moderngactuary can stomach. |

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Ind.

Mr. Scherrer

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Wanted to Marry at 130

T was that way, too, with old Chris Drankenberg, a Dane, who was generally supposed to be 146 years old when he died. Mr. Drankenberg didn't have a birth certificate either. On the other| hand, he had a marriage license, because when he {was 111 years old ‘by his own count), he married a 60-year-old girl. : At the age of 130, he wanted to marry again and’ got mad because the ladies wouldn't listen to him. He gave up after that. My insurance man didn’t know where they buried Mr. Drankenberg.

4 Mothers, Daughters Confused

OST of the ‘mistakes of women who think they are older than they really are can be traced to the fact that a mother and a daughter have the same name, that the mother’s birth was recorded but not her death, and that the mother’s years were added to those of her daughter—see? Anyway, that's what the insurance man said, and I guess'it holds good for the men, too. ; That was about as far as I got with the insure ance man, except that just before I left him I asked whether people nowadays live longer than they used to. He guessed they did, if we leave out the Presidents of the United States. The average age of Presidents has been 68 years. Before the Civil War it was 73 years; after that it dwindled down to 62 years,

il A Woman's View By MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

UST 30 days ago the bank teller buried his wifa. He has two small sons and makes a modest sale ary. But his period of mourning has been intruded upon by sundry members of the fair sex who are already after him, full cry, like hounds upon the trail of a hare. He is besieged with phone calls, special delivery letters and visits from maidens and widows who pretend great solicitude for his forlorn.state. Now this naughty story isn’t made tp out of my own head. It was told to me by a woman who works in the same bank as our hero, and it was ptinctuated in the telling with many angry ejaculations. She doesn’t think any too much of her sex. In fact, she is pretty well disgusted with it, and she ended with this forthright statement: “Any woman who deliberately tries to take a man out to night clubs less than a month after his wife has died is so shameless that she deserves to have her bobby pins shaken out. I'm thankful to say that during this time not a woman or girl working in the same office with Mr. C. has been guilty of such bad taste. Every time I see another such exhibition I'm prouder of the women who work for their living. At least they can afford to keep their diginity, and so much can’t be said for the sort who are hell-bent for some man to support them.” Not a nice picture, is it? But undeniably realistie. All these females know that the easiest way to get a man is on the rebound. Many a lonesome one, de< prived by death of a mate, has been easy plucking for the first enterprising dame who could use the old art of coddling to a good purpose. There is something sad as well as cynical in this story. It calls attention to the thousands of unmated women who are unhappy because vhey lack husbands, and to the weakness of men at certain crises in life, Pain, sorrow, loneliness, the heartaches which have taken small boys to their mothers for comfort during thousands of ages, surge to the surface of men’s be Then indeed their need for maternal care is most great—and like my friend I cannot help thinking that taking advantage of this weakness is rather despicable.

Your Health

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

Editor American Medical Assn. Jouinal

XPERIENCED physicians emphasize the fact that most favorable results from the use of antipneu= mococci serum are obtained if the serum is given early. The'word “early” is interpreted not as a nume ber of days after the diagnosis is made, but as a mate ter of hours. This applies particularly to the type 1 pneumococe cus serum. Records have been gathered which show that the use of this serum, when given early ane in sufficient amount, may lower by 50 to 60 per cent the deaths from type 1 pneumonia. Good results also have been secured with the serum for type 2 pneumonia, and serums have been tried with varying results in some of the varieties of type 4. The results with type 3 pneumonia, however are not encouraging. ; It is obvious, therefore, that immediate determie nation of the type of organism concerned in an indi vidual case is exceedingly important if the right serum

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. Is to be given promptly.

Since the serum is given in fairly large. amounts, it is wise to make certain that the person who is to re- - ceive it is not sensitive to serums and will not react with the eruption and other symptoms that appear when sensitive patients are given large doses of sube stances to which they are sensitive. In some states, notably New York, the campaign against pneumonia is now being encouraged by free distribution of serum through the State’s Department of Health. It is obvious that such injections should be made only by a physician and that he must be responsible for securing the specimen of sputum to be typed, and for making the necessary application for the correct serum.. The ordinary case of lobar pneumonia ends in fairly prompt recovery in five to 10 days, or else in death. Much depends on the age of the patient; the type of germ which causes the infection; the extent of improvement early in the disease; the time at which treatment with serum is begun; the presence of any complications, particularly condi tions affecting the heart, and the patient’s response

| to the disease,

: * \ NH ) fe