Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 March 1937 — Page 21

TOBE

Vagabonc

FROM INDIANA

ERNIE PYLE

ASHINGTON, March 25.—There we sat, my friend and I, across the table {from each other. And I was saying: “You're got to reconcile yourself. Your only salvation is to give in to the routine. Try to quit thinking, and just be like a machine, That's the only way.” That was what I said.

advice is sometimes too cheap. For I am utterly at liberty. But

my friend is a man engaged in the | unenchanting process of simply

wearing away the remainder of his days. We were in a penitentiary. My friend is a lifer. I have know this man for many vears. He isn't a “criminal,” or a freak; he's a human like the rest of us, just an ordinary human. But he killed another Liuman. He doesn’t remember coing it, but just, the same he hecame a murderer. He has been behind the

Mr. Pyle bars now for a vear and a half.

A friendly warden ordered my friend relieved from

the shop for the afternoon. He gave us a private room (the officer's small dining room). we sat till the sun was going down, alone and unmolested, free to talk as we wished. IT am trying to put down the change that occurs in the mind of a man doomed out of his own ways and into a lifetime of regimented desolation. But

somehow I can't get it down.

You have to be there within the prison yourself, | and see your friend sitting there alive and telling you | about it with a catch in his voice, before you sud-

denly realize exactly what it means, and it almost knocks you over. ; My friend was enthusiastic for the first few rninutes, with the surprise of seeing me. “You've sure had a trip, haven't you?” he said. “What kind of car have vou got now? y didn’t you? I like that town of San Francisco. That's a great place.” n

n x

No More Enthusiasm

UT from then on there was no enthusiasm, His { B little time away from his own thoughts was Just The relentlessness of his introspection is | cruel, He lives in a nightmare from which he can't |

that brief,

awaken.

He does not suffer remorse from having taken a |

life. He does not suffer so much from the physical hardships of prison. What he suffers is an eating, boring realization that from now until he dies there is no hope for him. : ‘There’s nothing here that interests me,” my friend said. “Nothing to look forward to.” And then it came to me, really for the first time,

I believe, that the mystery of life is what keeps us |

all coing—the looking forward to the unknown, the possibility of something new, the knowledge that a million things, both good and bad, can occur to us. " " n

No Change for Him ry HE lifer knows exactly what is ahead of him every dav from now until he dies or is too old to care. There will be no change. Even the little adventure of my surprise visit will not come to him once in five vears. He could mark April 1 of the year 1950 on his calendar, and he knows it'll be exactly like today, if he isn’t dead. That's the only “if” in a lifer’s life ~-death. Like most people in trouble, my friend excuses himself. I'm glad he does, for it lifts from him that awful added weight of a gnawing conscience. He does not consider himself guilty of murder, even though he took a life. He blames his trouble on poor health, on his treatment by doctors, on a dozen things which led to the great bewildering climax of murder. He does not feel that he should be in prison for it.

(Continued tomorrow)

Mrs.Roosevelt's Day

By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

ACKSON, Miss, Wednesday—We reached BirmJ ingham, Ala., yesterday at 2:35 p. m. I was told that a few children would be out to greet me, but I found myself going down the street slowly behind a high school band and a corps of cadets. Something was distinctly wrong—the President should have been in the car. from the procession. We stopped at a Negro industrial school and heard some very fine singing. Then I saw the bepinnings of a very fine PWA housing project for Negroes. After a press conference we sat down to go over the mail which had been forwarded, after which three kind ladies came in to present me with some books. I was presented with a shield by the city at the lecture. Finally, when the Governor and Mrs. Graves came in to bid us goodby, it seemed very inadequate to just say, “Thank you,” for all their many kindnesses. Mrs. Graves had driven with me everywhere in the afternoon, so I really felt we had an opportunity to know each other a little. We left a call for 6 this morning, but for some unknown reason I could not get the fact that we had to get up early off my mind. I woke up three or four times with a worried feeling. Each time it was so dark I turned over placidly and went to sleep azain. When the telephone rang and a cheery voice said: “Good morning, it's 6 o'clock,” it was so dark I was sure it still was the middle of the night. It had been raining, and as we traveled through the countryside we realized they have had about all the rain they can well absorb. Every stream and river seems 10 be full. We breakfasted peacefully on the train and then found ourselves settling down to dictation with a feeling that it must be well on in the day. Mrs. Scheider looked at her watch and said, “Why it’s only 8:15!” That gave us three clear hours before we changed trains at Meridian, Miss. The school children came in groups to several stations along the way and I went out and waved to them.

PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS— OW words come and go! Familiar words are heard no more and unused words come suddenly alive! “Aptitude” is the word of the day in the vocab~ularies of educators, personnel officers, social workers, and vocational counsellors. “To forge ahead in a field presuppose aptitude for it.” These are the opening words of APTITUDES AND APTITUDE TESTING, by Walter Van Dyke Bingham (Harper). Mr. Bingham is a well-known psychologist and a recognized authority on interviewing and other aspects of the whole field of scientific employment.

How are aptitudes discovered? By what question- |

ing or what formulas are they tested? Once found and tested, how can one use an aptitude for one's self or for another, in making the right choice among the thousands of occupations that throng modern life? What are these occupations, what are their characteristics and what are their demands on those who elect them? Here is a thorough discussion of these new aspects of vocational guidance for youth and scientific placement of the adult worker. on = HAT are your relations with people? asks Dale Carnegie. Do you show appreciation for their gnod qualities? Do you sympathize with their interests? Do you show respect for their opinions? Do vou arouse hostility and resentment by criticism? "Consideration for others, says Mr. Carnegie, is the secret of HOW TO WIN FRIENDS AND INFLUENCE PEOPLE (Simon & Schuster). And by this, he means genuine appreciation and sympathetic imagination which will allow you to put yourself in another’s place. Success in business and personal relationships depend upon these qualities. It is not merely a method whieh he is preaching, he protests, and certainly not superficial flattery, but a cultivation of the heart—a way of living. %

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In theory, my speech was | good. But the words out loud embarrassed me. Free |

And there |

And you saw Tom Mooney, |

I wasn’t really happy until we got away |

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The Indianapolis Times

Second Section

THURSDAY, MARCH 25, 1937

Fntered as Second-Class Matter Indianapolis,

at Postoffice,

PAGE 21!

Ind.

{

DETROIT—TEST TUBE OF SIT-DOWN|

organization must be done.

union cards in the wave of sit-down strikes, and converting those men into a dues-paying, disciplined union are two Before the “Ford Next” slogan becomes

different things. a reality, much organization

mas,” has said that Ford w Christmas. drive to get enough members to approach Ford with authority will begin this summer. John Brophy, Mr. Lewis’ right- | hand man in Detroit, puts it this way: “Organization at Ford's is inevitable. Now that organization is the spirit of the time, the tempo of today's life, it is idle for Ford to think he can build bulkheads around a single motor company that will keep out the tide. “That tide is rising so fast and so high that it will either break through or overflow any bulkheads he can build. “If Ford will only employ the same industrial statéesmanship or intuition that led him to discard his model T when it was outmoded, then we can hope that an outmoded labor policy can be discarded just as peacefully and easily. But organization is in-

evitable.”

” ” ”

GAINST this stands Ford's long record of open-shop operation, Ford's long record of struggles against outside influence of bankers, or even of Government, through the NRA. Against it stands Ford's recent public statement that ‘laborers should never join unions” because they are selfishly run by leaders influenced by international bankers in the interest of monopoly. Against it is Ford's present weapon — a policy of watching closely every strike settlement in the Detroit area, and seeing to it that the pay at Ford's in any

(Third of a Series) By WILLIS THORNTON

NEA Service Staff Correspondent ETROIT, March 25.—Some time in the late summer or early fall, the “irresistible force” of John Lewis’ unionization drive is going to meet the “immovable body” of Henry Ford's rugged individualism. Befpre this happens, a big job of “consolidation” and

John Lewis, perhaps remembering Ford's one-time proposal to “get the boys out of the trenches by Christ-

Local union leaders on the spot say the active

Getting 100,000 men to sign

work must be done.

ill be on the dotted line by

classification is at least as high, and when possible, higher than men have been able to obtain by strikes anywhere else. Against it, too, stands Harry Bennett, Ford's erstwhile chief of police and present personnel manager, running, union leaders say, | the most ruthless Spy and policing system ever seen in industry. Union organizers like veteran Bill McKie will tell you that Bennett has devised a vigilante system of 7000 men within the Rouge plant, made up of straw bosses and specially favored workers, and trained to spring instantly to the { aid of plant guards at the first sign of a sitdown to throw out the sit-downers. Bennett simply laughs at the story and denies it completely. He denies just as completely rumors that the Ford “service men” or plant personnel, police, and watchman employees have been augmented from 400 to more than 1000 and denies that there is any patroling of phe plant beyond the absolute minimum of watchmen required in any plant as protection against fire risk.

HAT a new screen of heavy wire mesh 10 feet tall has been installed some 18 inches inside windows of the plant along | Miller Ave. is apparent to any | passerby. This is the approach to | the plant nearest the main Detroit | roads, where the riot of 1932 took | place. | It must be kept in mind that the Ford plant at River Rouge

t un

| is not in Detroit.

Watchful Waiting Policy Adopted by Officials of Huge F ord Plant

wn"

The “hot corner” of the Ford Motor Company’s vast plant at River Rouge, Dearborn, Mich, Here the

main wads from Detroit approach the plant, and n ear here there was bad rioting in 19 windows facing this road have recently been reinfor ced by heavy wire screening.

a0 Dive

All plant

It is in Dearborn, a city completely dominated by the vast sprawling plant where

| 90.000 men keep the cars rolling | off the assembly line at a dizzy | pace.

When United Auto Workers members, jubilant at the General

| Motors settlement, tried to dis~

tribute to Ford employees handbills describing the settlement,

| they were stopped by police auto

between They had

squads at the border Dearborn and Detroit.

to distribute them to such em-

ployees as crossed into Detroit on

| their way home from work, they will tell you.

Bennett also laughs at this. “Practically every town has an antihandbill ordinance,” he says. “Only we enforce it here. And you'll find that anyone stopped from passing out literature here has usually been doing more than that; he has been disorderly or something.” That Ford “service men” have had a hand in settling some of the labor disputes in nearby parts

STRUGGLE BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE NEAR CLIMAX IN GERMANY

plants supplying material to Ford, there seems no doubt. The great Rouge plant, despite its glass factory, steel mills, coke ovens, foundry, paper mill and cement plant, is not independent. " » = ITH 80 plants in the Detroit i area making parts or supplies for Ford, union leaders like Walter Reuther, head of the west side local, believed it might be possible to shut Ford down even without penetrating to any great | extent into the Rouge plant. Reuther claims that the U. A. W. has a considerable membership | at Ford's, but there is no Ford local as such. Members at Ford’s are affiliated only with the general west side headquarters, he says. | Union buttons are not allowed at { Ford's, Reuther says. Bennett directly contradicts | this, claiming employees with rows | of union dues buttons may be seen | in the plant at any time, and that | they incur no penalty. Bennett also denies any preju- | dice against union men at Ford's. He says the A. FP. of L. and Mechanics Education Society unions, with many members in the power plant, tool and die departments, and maintenance staffs, could, if they wished, come closer to shut-

| efficiency

| ganization, Reuther says.

| says, for he was a foreman draw=- | ing $4000 a year.

ting down the Rouge plant than the U. A. W,

n » n EUTHER, the organizer charged with penetrating Ford's, is a former Ford employee. He has no personal grievance, he

But the policies he had to enforce against men under him, speedups, relentless standards and the like, led him to take up union orHe be~

| came a Socialist, and was gradu-

| ized labor movement.

ated from Brookwood Labor College, the Harvard of the organ-

He hints at some sudden, melo-

leaders shop

union open

All are

{ Ford's would be continual danger | to their position in other plants,

| and that therefore it

must be

| overcome.

Like an island in a tumultuous

| sea that rises daily higher and

| higher,

the great Ford plant

| crouches defiantly in its haze of | smoke and murk on the banks of

the River Rouge. It will hold the spotlight as soon as the present

| wave of sit-down subsides.

| |

NEXT — Rackcteers strikers.

among

By MILTON BRONNER NEA Service Staff Correspondent NEv YORK, March 25.—The | 4. NY Cross or the Swastika? Which {is to be the spiritual symbol of the {\German people? After more than | four years of subversive Nazi effort [to mold the theology of Germany | to fit the ideology of the State, the | issue has been brought squarely into | the open. { The situation was brought to a | crisis by the encyclical of Pope | Pius XI, which protested against Nazi violations of the concordat with the Vatican, the document hailed a little while ago as presaging peace between the German Government and the Roman Catholic Church. But its seriousness arises less from the danger of rupture of Nazi-Vatican relations, and the repercussions in Italian diplomacy,

tianity has successfully resisted being shackled. The Jews, the Socialists, the Communists, the Free Masons, the liberal and democratic political parties, the pacifists—all went down like chaff before the Swastika. But the battle with Christianity, both Protestant and Roman Cathtolic, still rages. |

un un

O far as Protestantism is concerned, the story goes back to the first days of Nazi ascendancy— Fuehrer Hitler and his advisers conceived the idea of molding all Protestant sects into one big Protestant church. Eventually most Protestant preachers and laymen agreed. In rigged-up elections, however, the Hitler candidate, the Rev. Ludwig Mueller, a former army | chaplain and an ardent Nazi, was | made head of the church. At once those who resisted the Hitler military and political methods in the church formed themselves into the Confessional movement. A typical Nazi terror reign followed. Pastors and laymen were sent to concentration camps. Others were put under preventive arrest. Those who were free were spied upon. Their church papers were suppressed. Nevertheless, those still free read joint manifestos from their pulpits. They followed the leadership of brave men like Pastor Niemoeller of Dahlem, former submarine commander, who inveighed against regimentation of religion. What the independent pastors have especially objected to are two syllogisms constantly quoted by Nazis: “To serve Hitler is to serve Germany; to serve Germany is to serve God.” “Christianity is Judaism, Judaism is Bolshevism, Bolshevism is enmity to the state.” Coupled with this is the Nazi campaign to Aryanize Christian teaching by casting out the old Testament entirely, by eliminating from the New Testament references to the Old, by cutting out the teaching of St. Paul because he was a Jew and by insisting that Jesus was an Aryan,

”

= " = '

this Dr. Otto Dibelius, former superintendent of the Evangelical Church of Brandenburg, wrote to Hans Kerr], Reich Minister for Church affairs: “It has never been disputed that Paul was a Jew. But church ‘

cannot p=. his

than from the evidence that -alone | of all elements in the State, Chris- |

| Epistles without ceasing to be a) | church.” ot Dr. Dibelius reaffirmed that Hit- |

{ler’s state could count upon the | that, taking all the religions of the | | pre-Christian world, one would be | {bound to say to the people of |

| loyalty of Evangelical Christian | Germans, but when the state sought | to rule the church and its religious | teachings and beliefs they could {only repeat Luther's words—“Resist | in God’s name!” ! Herr Kerrl failed to straighten | things out in the Nazi direction and | | resigned last February. It was then {that Hitler announced the forth- | coming elections for the governance | and constitution of the church. | Since freedom of speech and assembly is something the Nazis have | refused to accord to anybody but | themselves, it is expected the elec(tions will once more prove to be la Nazi “victory.” Then the fight | will start all over again.

”» = ow |

N the Catholic side the fight | against Nazi strictures has | been led by Cardinal Faulhaber of | Munich, where the Nazi party was | founded and which Hitler has | made the permanent capital of his | organization. Like the Protestants, | he has refused to throw the Old | Testament into the discard. In scornful words the Cardinal re- | ferred to the Nazi doctrine: “Even the person of Christ is not | spared br them. Some have indeed tried to save Him with al forged birth certificate and have

said that He was not a Jew but an Aryan.”

Answering the Nazis, he saic

Israel:

( “You have excelled them all by |

the sublimity of your religion;

among all the nations of antiquity | you have exhibited the noblest re- |

ligious values.” n ® x”

HE last straw to the Catholics has been the elimination of

Catholic schools and the pressure | | being brought to bear to alienate | to have learned a lesson.

Catholics from their faith. In a protest by the bishops the attempted estrangement of the ynung people called to the labor camps and the economic pressure brought to bear to induce parents to withdraw their children from confessional schools, was stressed. It was against this situation that Pope Pius issued his statement. One incident may show which way the tide runs in the struggle between Swastika and Cross. Herr Roever, Nazi Governor of Oldenburg decreed the removal of crosses from all schools and hospitals. Later, at Cloppenburg, he attempted to address 7000 persons on the Hitler four-year plan. Every time he tried to speak the throng chanted: “Crucifix! Crucifix! Crucifix!” In this case the Swastika bowed to the Cross. The removal order was rescinded.

* § | 1 : :

| |

{ |

In the beautiful Berlin Cathedral the Roman Catholic Church

threw down the gauntlet to Nazidom with reading against the ban on parochial schools. The crisis in the struggle with the Swastika led Niemoeller

of Christianity, Protestant Pastor

of Pope Pius’ protest action precipitated a new by the fearless advocates ' and Cardinal Faulhaber.

| | |

Detroit Employers Revise Labor Attitude—Clapper

By RAYMOND CLAPPER

Times Special Writer

While in Detroit a few days | ago, I found mong employers evi- | dence that they are revising their attitude toward labor. They seemed

One of them told me that he | could not defend the course of man-

| agement in recent years. “If I had go on the radio and make a speech about it,” he said, “I would rather take the other side. I could | make out a good case for labor. I wouldn't want to defend a good many things that employers have done.” The old union-busting attitude seemed practically dead. Some of these employers seemed weary of the long battle and ready to concede that they had met their match. Some of them looked forward longingly to a time when labor would be completely organized into responsible unions so that management | could reach agreements which would permit it to plan production free from the shadow of being tied up by labor trouble at any moment. Executives who know what is going on know that times have changed.

n » ®

T use observations are borne out now by the National Association of Manufacturers. ‘This group has been noted for its bitter antiunion slant. It has been belligerent, defiant of the Wagner Labor Act and of most of labor's demands. It has been against the New Deal even more violently than the United States Chamber of Commerce. A man’s business was his castle and inside he was monarch of all he surveyed. The Government couldn’t tell him how to run his business. Neither could labor. But the National Association of Manufacturers has learned something. It is learning faster than the Supreme Court. It has discovered that labor relations are matters of proper public concern. Frankly facing realities, the National Association of Manufacturers now proposes a plan for legislation to curb labor disputes. Details of this plan are immaterial here. The significant thing is that the plan provides that the President shall have a wide, discretionary power in dealing with industrial disputes. In face of a threatened strike or—and this is significant—a lockout by employers, the President would have complete discretion to appoint a commission to investigate and make public the facts, and to prevent any strike or lockout during the period of the investigation or for 30 days thereafter. Then, if investigation, public sentiment, and time allowed for cooling off have failed to bring about a settlement, both labor and management would be free to strike or to lock out. ;

Wy Soren, March 25.—

HE most important faci is that | pro- |

the manufacturers thus pose that the President shall inter= | vene in labor disputes “which direct- | ly and substantially endanger the | economic safety of the nation.” Disputes which are purely local and | which only indirectly or incidentally | affect commeree would be handled in the same way by Governors un- | der similar state legislation which | the N. A. M. urges. “What is suggested now,” says C. | M. Chester, N. A. M. chairman, “is | that the justifiable intervention of | the President in the Federal field | shall be regularized and effectively | applied under circumstances which are fair to the disputants, but which | assure an adequate protection of | the public interest.” This leaves the Supreme Court | slightly out on a limb. The Court for two years has been deciding cases on the contention that employment relations are of no concern to the Federal Government. = ” u

F there ever was an industry whose affairs were a matter of Federal concern it is the bituminous coal industry. In the last 23 years there have been 19 investigations or hearings by Congressional committees and administrative agencies regarding the coal industry. Four times since the war Federal troops have been called out to restrain bloodshed in coal industry labor

{ side of Washington | ground now covered by a part of

| trophe had taken place. | tions agreed as to what | from the muffled conversations going on all around | me, I could make out what it was all about.

| spreading. | roof and another crew got inside the building by way | of the windows.

' 12 Lost Lives

| town, which quickly { the living. { recall, got to his office early the next morning and

| providing $15 a month for each of the widows.

[ went to it.

troubles. | Yet in throwing out the Guffey | Coal Act, Justice Sutherland, for | the Court, said: “The relation of | employer and employee is a local | relation. At common law it is one of the domestic relations. The wages are paid for doing local work. Working conditions are obviously local conditions.” Justice Sutherland is not in as close touch with labor conditions as the National Association of Manufacturers, but perhaps he and his colleagues will be willing to take the word of employers that the time has come when the Federal Government should have some authority in the matter. Or is everybody out of step but the Court?

HEARD IN CONGRESS

Senator Logan (D. Ky.): I have seen some judges who were not more than 50 who had no sense and never did have. I have seen some men past 75 who were great jurists and whose opinions could always safely be followed. E-4 ” ”n Rep. Charles L. Giffords (R. Mass.) : If you tax this kind of wealth (in- | tangibles) in one state, it will move | to another. If you tax its possessors too high in one community of a | state, they will relocate in a more friendly one. = ” = Rep. Maury Maverick (D. Tex.): Republicans talk of rubber stamps, but if there are such things, they are rubber stamps of another kind. They are against anything the

fo FySIiOn: propose.

ur own

By ANTON SCHERRER

HE only time father ever allowed me to open my penny savings bank before it was full was back in 1890, on the occasion of

| the big Bowen-Merrill fire.

The fire, I remember, began at 3 o'clock

in the afternoon, while we kids were at school. This wasn't anything out of the ordinary,

| because everything exciting around town always had | a way of happening when I had to be in school.

Anyway, it explains how the fire had a start of a couple of

it. Mother took us there, I

By scene,

the time we got to the which was on the north St. on the Wasson's store, the horrible catas- Mr. Scherrer Of course, no two descrip= actually had occurred, but

It appeared that when the firemen arrived on the scene, they saw immediately that the best and maybe the only thing to do was to keep the fire from Anyway, a party of firemen went to the

Without a moment's warning, the floors from top

| to bottom caved in, carrying everything, including

the roof, into the cellar. Nobody at the time had any

| idea how many firemen were in the ruins, but the

guesses around me ranged anywhere from a dozen to the whole fire department,

” ” »

WAS reasonably sure that it wasn't the whola fire department because when I got there I saw

They finally extinguished the fire,

Sixteen were badly injured. The tragedy sent a wave of horror through the gave place to a desire to help Mayor Sullivan (Reginald’s father), T issued a proclamation, in the course of which ha “It is the duty and pleasure of our citizens

\ : I remember that sentence because I thought Mr, use of the word “pleasure” ill advised,

Father, I remember, had such a good opinion of Mayor Sule livan that he never allowed anybody to criticize him,

| not even his manner of speech.

n n Ld

| Money Poured In { A S a result of Mayor Sullivan's proclamation, the

money poured in from all sides. Even London, England, sent a check for $1000, and when it came

| time to close the books, Mr. Sullivan's committee had

over $50,000. Most of it went to buy annuities,

The 19 orphans got $5 a month, I don’t know how much the school children of

| Indianapolis gave to this fund, but I remember that

all the pennies in my bank, saved up for a jack-knife, I distinctly recall giving everything, because when my Sunday school asked for a contribue

{ tion, I didn't have any more to give.

A Woman's View

By MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

HE loving cup presented annually by the Business and Professional Women’s Club of Birmingham, Ala., went this year to Mrs. Amanda Carmichael, who at great sacrifice has reared 10 children to be value able citizens, Here is a gesture we see all too seldom in this country. We spill a good many words of praise about mothers, but we don’t often bestow on them the badge of distinguished service. It is interesting to note that Mrs. Carmichael did not limit the care of her children to physical minis= trations. Instead, from the start she accumulated in her home a small library of books which should be on the “must” list for all boys and girls. Probably the excellent results of her life work are due largely to this one fact. It is also quite likely that she often neglected such details as the sewing on of buttons, the tidying up of the house, and the baking of cakes and pies. She ust have used part of the time that might have been given to such matters in helping with the de= yelopment of her children’s minds, and in planting in their hearts the seeds of a good character. Sometimes the perfect housewife does not always take this trouble, but we believe the perfect mother always will, What our children become depends almost entirely upon what we put into their minds, when thev are

| very young, an4 not what goes upon their backs or

into their stomachs. Modern ideas about feeding

| schedules and ulira-sanitary care for tots are all very

well, but unless these are supplemented by character training, mental discipline and spiritual education, a large part of the material effort will be wasted. The mother who has trained 10 children to be respected, useful citizens has done a service to her country which is more valuable than that of ten thousand generals.

Your Health

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

Editor American Medical Assn. Journal

N Switzerland, in 1879, some parrots brought from Germany infected two brothers with the diseasa now called “parrot fever,” or psittacosis. Primarily a bird disease, psittacosis may be contracted by human beings from parrots or parrakeets, or even from canaries. . Usually a person gets the disease from a sick bird, although it is possible even healthy birds may transmit it. On the other hand, it seems to be exceedingly rare for one human being to catch this disease from another. Most of the deaths involve people over 30 years of age because the disease, in younger people, is mild. . The exact manner in which psittacosis is transmitted is not known, although there is evidence that people may get the disease after being bitten by. a bird or, more frequently, after close contact such as occurs in mouth-to-mouth feeding of birds. It takes from six to 15 days after contact with tha source of infection for the disease to develop in a hue man being. Usually there is a chilly sensation with fever and headache and, shortly thereafter, a cough, indicating that the lungs are involved. There may also be loss of appetite, coating of the tongue, and other symptoms usually associated with infections. Women are affected by this disease more frequently than men because the former are more §ften con= cerned with the care of birds. Among the first cases noted in the United States were three that occurred in Boston in 1904. Since that time there have been epidemics in New York and California. The United States now prohibits importa= tion of South American parrots and California has regulations controlling importation and exportation of love birds and parrots. There is just one way to avoid psittacosis, and that is to keep away from birds which may possibly have been infected. The condition usually is not suspected because of its unusual character and persons who have it may be treated as if they were infected with pneumonia, influenza, or typhoid fever.