Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 March 1937 — Page 15

———— A LE he

Vagabond FROM INDIANA

ERNIE PYLE

(CLINTON, March 23.—His name is the Rev. Clyde Covington Pearce, but all the kids in Clinton call him “Pearce.” He's the only preacher I've known that a kid could walk up to and call by his last name, just as

though he were another kid. He must be a good preacher, because he doesn't act like a preacher at all. athletic looking, and speaks not in mournful language. He's in his 40s, I'd say. I'm writing about him, not because he’s a preacher, but because he has the very great distinction of possessing more Boy Scout merits than anybody in America. Probably more than anybody in the world. Under the Boy Scout setup, 103 merits are available. Pearce has 101 of them. The two he lacks are “canoeing” and “citrus fruit raising.” He going to get the canoeing one this summer, and the fruit one as soon as he can save enough money to go to Florida. Each Boy Scout merit is sort of like a course in college. Pearce says he feels that the whole roster of 103 merits is equal to two years’ college education, and I believe it. you get through you really know something. Pearce has been 16 years getting these 101 merits. They've cost him little in actual cash, but a great deal in time. He devotes at least a fourth of his time to training Scouts and working for his merits.

Mr. Pyle

They're not easy to get, and when |

He's about 6 foot 3, and

He is, |

of course, a Scout troop leader wherever he happens |

to be stationed. The list

of 103 merits ranges from sheep-raising |

to sculpture, from horseshoeing to astronomy. And |

vou don’t just read on the subject and then get your merit. Before you win the sheep-raising merit, for instance, you have to raise some sheep. un Some Took Three Years

EARCE has earned some of his merits in a few days, and others he has worked on as long as three years, Let's take a few of his most interesting ones.

= ="

Dramatics—You have to read about the history of | the drama: read many of the old classics and plenty |

of modern ones; and wind up by writing a play yourself, and acting in it. Pearce wrote a church play, which was put on by his congregation. Archery—This is Pearce’s real love. best of all the merits he's earned. He is so good hunts with a bow and arrow, right along with other men using guns. with his’ arrows ground. And he got one bird on the wing—a grackle.

He likes it

he |

He has killed innumerable rabbits | He has killed quail running on the |

You can throw up a small pasteboard box and he'll |

pick it off every time.

Life-saving—This was his hardest, and in a way |

he's least adept at it, because of a weak heart. the man certainly has perseverance, The afternoon

But |

he took his life-saving test he had to be rescued him- |

self three times. Cotton-raising—“How do you learn about that in this part of the country?” I asked him. about it?” “Come here,” Pearce said.

“Just read |

We went down to the |

basement, and there was a big basket full of beauti- |

ful white cotton. Pearce raised it on an eighth of an acre back of his house last summer. make a quilt out of it.

n Knows ‘Good Points’ of Horse

ORSEMANSHIP—You have to name 32 points of a horse.”

td ”

They're going to |

“good | Pearce says there isn't a |

farmer in Indiana who can think of more than 12. |

But Pearce knows them all. legs being set wide apart. Blacksmithing—This proud of. Took him three years to learn.

is the one Pearce is

Such stuff as the front |

least | He just couldn't learn how to temper metal. | Finally an old fellow |

who hung around a blacksmith shop taught him how |

to temper a cold chisel. He let it go at that.

Among Pearce's other merits are such things as wireless (vou musi

actually build a radio set, right |

from the start); conversation (you have to carry on a |

conversation for 15 minutes in a foreign language; his is German); reptiles (Pearce carried snakes in his pocket while getting this merit); bee-raising (he never got, stung): surveying (Pearce vorked three months on a state highway surveying gang); plumbing

(Pearce installed a whole new set of water pipes in his | | Science Service Astronomical Writer

Early next morning two autos crashed at his Pearce’s first thought

house. corner with an awful clatter.

was that he had got the plumbing in backward, and |

it had blown up). He doesn’t know what he'll do after he gets the last one. Just keep on preaching, he reckons.

Mrs.Roosevelt's Day

By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

ITTLE ROCK, Monday.—My Texas children came over for us Sunday and we went back to Ft. Worth with them in the afternoon. We arrived at their home in time to see both Chandler and Baby Elliott. Babies change so quickly that I saw quite a aifference in him in the short time we had been gone. He has begun to crawl and when we put him on

| |

e Indianapolis

Imes

_—_——

Second Section 7

TUESDAY, MARCH 23, 1937

Entered as Second-Class Matter Indianapolis,

at Postoffice,

DETROIT—TEST TUBE OF SIT-DOWN

New Outbreaks Find Employers Unprepared and City in a Daze

(First of a Series)

BY WILLIS THORNTON

NEA Service Staff Correspondent ETROIT, March 23.—XReluctantly but with wry goodhumor, like a man being pushed into a cold shower by someone else who wants to find out how cold it is, Detroit finds itself the sit-down strike capital of the world. The city is a proving ground for the labor turmoil of In the outskirts of the city, General Motors, Ford and other plants maintain proving grounds, inclosures where new autos are driven over and through all kinds of obstructions as a test.

the moment.

times.

Now all Detroit is one vast proving ground for the new industrial vehicle of the sit-down strike. everywhere like firecrackers, with six settled while seven An average of from 20 to 40 sitdowns in all parts of the city and in the most varied inThe newspapers have ceased

new ones break out.

dustries are reported daily. to try to cover them all— it is hard enough merely to keep a complete list of

them.

Hotels, department stores, restaurants, five-and-dime stores, c¢igar factories, laundries, trucking lines, packing plants, hat shops, drug stores, printing plants, lumber companies, warehouses, nut shops, WPA projects, ice plants, iron mills, a corset company and a golf-ball manufacturer — all these have run afoul of sit-down strikes. They form a shifting background to the principal sit-down against Chrysler Motor Co. in whose nine plants 6000 employees sit defiantly to await the outcome of a court injunction against their presence there. n on ” ETROIT used to look toler- , antly at cities like Toledo, Akron, Cleveland, which had “labor trouble” from time to time. Most Detroiters, from auto magnates to cab drivers felt “it can’t happen here!” Traditionally the open shop citadel of the country, with an industry ranking high in pay rates when times were good, Detroit has for vears locked down on more troubled cities. Even when the wave of sitdowns broke in January, most Detroiters agreed with Harvey J. Campbell, vice president of the Chamber of Commerce, that “this is a mania, like tree-sitting.” Mr. Campbell, noting that “we are a nation of extremists,” saw the sitdowns as a wave which would rise to a crest, then recede. Chester M. Culver, manager of

the Emplovers’ Association, dates |

the rise of the wave from last

October when President Roosevelt |

made a campaign speech in Detroit urging a higher annual wage for auto workers.

It is rough going some-

They pop

However that may be, the sitdown burst on a very much surprised Detroit in January and has been gaining momentum ever since. People who were at first shocked, tolerantly amused, then annoyed, are now beginning to be concerned. ” HE sit-down technique caught employers napping. They didn’t know what to do about it, and they don't know yet. Practically every settlement has included quick gains In wages or hour conditions favoring the em-

» ”

ployee. What is open-shop

more disquieting to Detroit, most agree-

| ments provide at least some de-

gree of union recognition. The employers’ defenselessness against the sit-down has made Detroit jittery, for the ease with which sit-downs may be staged in almost any kind of an es-

| tablishment gives every employer

a constant feeling of insecurity and instability. The effect of a continual drumfire of small strikes and at least one big one is beginning to be noticeable. For instance, during the last two months the state of Michigan has lost $500,000 in 3 per cent sales tax income. If this state tax is off that much, the effect on retail sales is readily calculable. The loss is having a grave effect on the

| state’s budget, Draper Allen, sales

tax director reports, because welfare and relief costs increase at the same time and through the same cause that is cutting down

the means to pay them. 5 = »

HE time limit on auto tags had te be extended two weeks because so many people hadn't the money to buy the licenses,

The sit-down strike sweeps across Detroit like a tidal wave. the Plymouth plant waving a greeting from windows. At right, waitresses in Stouffer's Restaurant wave good-humoredly from tables deserted by guests when service stopped. Below, left to right, pickets before the General Motors building parade their aims, Woolworth Five-and-Ten girls sit on counters to read the papers, and other pickets protest the injunctions issued against General Motors sit-downers at Flint.

due to sit-down strikes. It is impossible to calculate the payroll loss by the six-weeks General Motors strike and the Chrysler and myriad smaller sit-downs, lasting anywhere from 15 minutes to many weeks. The sit-down is contagious. Publicity of the big motor sitdowns spreads the idea into tvery field. In front of one of the large Detroit hotels, a small, shy

| Boy stood picketing a much larger

boy who was selling newspapers. The little fellow carried a sign urging people not to buy papers from the larger one bccause he

MERCURY TO BE SKY’'S MOST INTERESTING PLANET IN APRIL

Ry JAMES STOKLEY

Director of the Fels Planetarium The Franklin Institute

ENUS, Mars and Mercury are passing planetary visitors in

| the sky in April but none of them are visible throughout the entire | , evening and so are not shown on |

| the

accompanying depict the

maps. maps

These | appearance of |

April skies at 10 p. m., April 1; 9 | p. m. on the 15th and 8 p. m. at the |

end of the month. At the beginning of April Venus

lis low in the western sky at dusk | but quickly moves ‘westward. On the | 17th it is in line with the sun and |

| | |

the floor he made straight for Peter, the Great Dane

dog lying comfortably on the floor watching him ap-

proach. Peter opened his mouth wide and yawned and |

when the baby touched his nose he closed his eyes to make sure they wouldn't be poked out, but he never moved a muscle, IL.oter Chandler sat astride of Peter and he was just as quiet. I praised him loudly. but a little too soon. Just before we sat down to supper Peter discovered a plate of salad and, much to Ruth's and Elliott's dismay, ate most of it. He certainly was in disgrace, but

| { | | |

| |

I noticed that when the time came for' us to leave he

was called and told he was forgiven. Great Danes have very sensitive feelings and cannot be allowed to remain in disgrace too long. Many kind things were planned for our reception in Little Rock. Mayor and Mrs. Overman met us with Mrs. Frank Vaughan, Mrs. Miller and several other ladies. The Governor and Mrs, Bailey came to call a little before 11 and at 1:45 Mrs. Bailey and Mrs. Overman took me ont. We first visited the Dunbar Negro High School, where they sang very beautifully for us. From there we went to the Crippled Children's Hospital which takes crippled and sick children from all over the state. Next we visited the Veterans’ Hospital which is on a high hill quite a way from the city. Then we proceeded to one of the NYA projects. A group of Negro boys are being taught how to make furniture, wood paneling and window frames. The work is being used in a state institution. They do not expect to turn out expert cabinet makers, but they feel they will be better able to improve their own homes and do simple cabinet and carpentry work.

New Books

PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS— MONG the Austrian Alps lies the little village of Oblarn, surrounded by pine forests and fer= tile flelds and vineyards. Above it towers the Grimming. And in the shadow of the “Jausengrube,” whither no one dares go, the life of the village goes on—the lively bickerings and rivalries; christenings, weddings, and burials; baking and brewing; sowing and harvest. Over a hundred years ago, when Napoleon's armies were terrifying all Europe, here lived the Stralz family, THE DOOR IN THE GRIMMING (Putnam), by Paula Grogger, is the story of this family, of the village, and indeed of the Alpine peasants who, remote from the outer world, live sturdily in their own narrow circle. Into the saga of Constantia Stralz, of her rebellious and sullen son Matthaus, and of the gentle Regina, the author has, with infinite and affectionate care, woven the superstitions and traditions of this region. Here are both the prose and the poetry of sant life. . 5 :

‘

| { | |

| object, by 11 o'clock.

| at the end of the handle.

cannot be seen. After a few weeks more, it will begin to appear in the eastern sky, before sunrise, that is, as a “morning star.” The most unusual planetary sight this month wi'l be Mercury, which will appear briefly about April 19. Then it will set about two hours after the sun, and should be seen

{low in the west by the time the sun

has been down for half an hour. For several days before and after the 19th it will be visible. About 10 p. m. in the middle of the month, Mars rises in the east and can be seen, as a brilliant red It is in the constellation of the Scorpion, familiar in the southern evening sky of summer. The brightest star in the Scorpion is called Antares, which means “rival of Mars,” a name applied because it also has a red color. But at present Mars is several times as bright as its rival, and seems to have the advantage. As for the other planets, Jupiter appears in the east about midnight, in the constellation of Sagittarius, the archer, east of the Scorpion. About two and a half times as bright as Mars, it should be detected without trouble. Saturn is now almost in line with the sun and cannot be seen at all this month.

" #

HE stars now visible in the evening present a typically springtime appearance, with the Sickle very appropriately hanging high in the south. This is part of Leo, the lion, and the bright star Regulus is About as high, in the northern sky, is the great dipper, in Ursa Major, the great bear. The “pointers” indicate the direction of Polaris, in Ursa Minor, the little bear, which is below.

”

per is followed to the south, one comes to Arcturus, in Bootes, the bear driver, and then to Spica, in Virgo. Beyond Spica is a group of four stars forming Corvus, the crow. Sometimes this is called the “mainsail,” from its shape. Orio, so brilliant during the winter months, has descended low into the west, along with the two dogs, Canis Major and Canis Minor, which follow him. Betelgeuse is the uppermost star in Orion, while Sirius and Procyon mark the dogs. Ahove

a ‘

ha . CANIS, AOS TT

EAST)»

Canis Minor are the twins, Gemini, |

with first magnitude Pollux. Aldebaran, in Taurus, the bull, is just north of Orion.

In the northwest, is Auriga, the charioteer, with brilliant Capella, and below this Perseus is apparent. To the right of Perseus is Cassiopeia, gs letter W on one side. Low in the northeast is a bright star, Vega, all that can now be seen of Lyra, the lyre, a group that will shine at the zenith on summer evenings. ’ When Mercury makes his brief appearance for a few days before and after April 19 we shall have the best opportunity this year of seeing this elusive planet. Most people have never seen it, and some astronomers never had the chance. For instance, the great Copernicus, who showed that Mercury and the earth are both the same kind of body, is said never to have viewed it. It is never seen very high in the sky, and the low fogs of his native Poland were al-

| ways a hindrance. If the curved handle of the dip- |

” ” ”

ERCURY is smaller in size

1 115,000,000 miles from us.

sun, so its distance from the earth varies tremendously. At the beginning of this month, it is about When visible, about the 19th, it will be arcund 85,000,000 miles distant, while at the end of April it will be at 60,000,000 miles. Though the year of Mercury, the time it takes to encircle the sun, is 88 days, the earth also goes around the sun in the same direction, but more slowly, and Mercury catches up with us every 160 days. The time when Mercury is between the sun and earth is called inferior conjunction, and then it is not visible, because it is lost in the solar glare. About 58 days later, the three bodies are again in line. This time the sun is in the middle, and then Mercury is said to be in superior conjunction. ” n ” F the time should ever come when

planetary travel a fact, explorers of space will not find Mercury very hospitable. Its day is the same

than any of the other planets, | \eP8th as the year, that is, it turns

except Pluto. Its diameter is only |once on its axis as it goes once 3100 miles, as compared with 7927 | around the sun, so that most of one

for the earth. On the average it is 30,000,000 miles from the sun, but it has, again with the exception of

Pluto, the most eccentric of the | it comes within 28500.000 miles of is the sun, while it may draw as far | 4

planetary orbits. Sometimes

as 43,350,000 miles away.

‘ a Fle }

ness. The rest Every 88 days it goes around the day and night,

hemisphere is always illuminated, the other always dark. Actually, fie is a certain amount of swingng. Only about 37 per cent of the rface has perpetual daylight, and e same proportion continual darkhas alternation of

...

SWELL al Moe ANE 3 oH

{

RE $a

existing | rights.

rocket propulsion makes inter- | just issu

ee On Re

had not joined the union. Ripples from the big Detroit strike splash circled the world. High school and college students in Indiana and Illinois, telegraph messenger boys and colored wetnurses in Chicago, blind institutional workers in Pennsylvania, dog pound attendants in Nebraska, the customers of a Joliet, Ill, beer parlor, all sat down to enforce this or that demand. A Wisconsin man who wanted to buy a house sat down in its parlor and declared he wouldn't move until his offer was accepted. Colored caddies in Atlanta, Cleveland waitresses, shoe workers in Brooklyn, hospital employees in New York, butchers, bakers, and candlestick makers sat down, stayed in, or stood up, to enforce demands. ” on "

VEN Coptic monks in Cairo, Egvpt, shut themselves up in their monastery to protest against an unpopular abbot and a general state of boredom. But the more amusing phases of the sit-down situation are over-

newsboys’

At top left you see genial sit-downers in

| : shadowed by the precedents being | set in the big Detroit sit-downs. The answers arrived at in the General Motors and Chrysler strikes are going to have a definite effect on industrial relations in the future.

For instance, the General Motors settlement was not entirely a one-way agreement. The union, in return for the concessions to it, promised that in future disputes “there shall be no suspensions or stoppages of work until every effort has been exhausted to adjust them through the regular grievance procedure, and in no case without the approval of the international officers of the union.” This guarantee of the employer against unauthorized sit-downs, and against stoppages of work except those formally decreed bv the union's officers themselves, in=volves a greater degree of discipline and responsibility than has been apparent thus far. NEXT—On the scenes of the Detroit “labor proving-ground,” and some of the more or less permanent changes that are taking place.

Sit-Downers Unworried by

Legal Standing—Clapper

By RAYMOND CLAPPER

Times Special Writer

ASHINGTON, March 23.— While public sentiment and public authorities are groping with the problem of the sit-down strikes, it might be useful to look at this new and drastic weapon through the eves of those who are using it and thus learn how they justify themselves. The most significant thing about the defense which union leaders and their friends make is that they brush aside questions of legality as immaterial. If it isn’t legal they will make it so. They regard it as in conformity with sanctions above the law. Although they are careful to insist that the sit-down is not revolutionary, they frankly say it is a challenge to constituted authority and that it seeks to change conceptions of property

Strong stuff for democratic America. Homer Martin, president of the United Automobile Workers, makes this defense during the Chrysler strike: “The issue in these strikes is not their legality, but whether or not workers have a right to a better standard of living and improved conditions. . . . Workers are not deeply moved by the tearful appeals of millionaire employers for protection of their property against sitdowns when they remember how these same employers have blacklisted them, have paid stool pigeons to spy on them, have paid thugs to terrorize and beat them and have exploited them to the limit of endurance for years.”

n 2 2

much further in a pamphlet ed by the League for Industrial Democracy, prepared by Joel Seidman. This tract voices a determination to make the sit-down legal: “The continued use of a logical weapon, backed by enough economic and political pressure, eventually results in its being held legal. Workers should concentrate on defeating the employer, and not be too much concerned about a law that is framed largely in the interests of employers and owners.” The pamphlet recalls that Secretary of Labor Perkins has expressed doubt as to whether sit-downers violate any law, and continues: “The union asserts that the works

» of the sit-down goes DE.

jers have a property right in their [ jobs which is superior to the com- | pany’s right to the use of the prop- | erty. . In the sit-down strike

workers are re-establishing the con- | | trol over the tools of production |

| that they lost in the industrial revolution.”

Then it is stated that “the sit- | | down should be regarded as a dis-| tinct forward step, for it exhibits |

[a healthy disregard of the prop- | erty rights held supreme under our | present system of law.” It is de|scribed frankly as a “challenge to | constituted authority.” " ”

| HEY may insist that this is not

| a revolutionary doctrine. If it

| It is too close to revolution to war- | rant, one would think, the complacent, almost tacit acquiescence of | Federal officials,

| If we are to accept as legal the | | practice of seizing property and |

‘holding it for ransom, why not improve the technique and make it really effective? Instead of seizing Chrysler's plant, Chrysler? Make it hurt, ployees grab the plant, but the boss can pack up and go to Florida and live off his fat indirectly. Why bother to grab the plant? Kidnap the boss and he'll come across much faster. ” ” 2 FEW years ago there would have been more reason for sympathizing with the sit-down. Management was getting away with murder. Labor had no powerful friends. “Law and order” were stacked against it in many respects.

(isn't, then it is a first cousin to one. |

why not seize |

Under present technique, the em-

Now labor has a friend in the White House. For the first time | the Federal Government is trying | to help labor get collective bargain- | ing, Labor obtained its Wagner ! act. But instead of using it, labor | tries to compete with employers in | disregard of the law. Under this Administration “law | and order” are on labor's side. Labor has missed the chance of the | century to wrap itself in the Wag- | ner act and put on a cry for law | and order that would entrench it | in a new. status quo. Instead it | prefers to play with a dangerous weapon which seems just about to explode in its face.

a % >

PAGE 15

Ind.

Our Town

By ANTON SCHERRER

T'S more than evident by this time that some of my spicier reading is found within the covers of the Indianapolis direc tory. Today, for instance, I'm brooding over the fact that Indianapolis has 10,000 more

women than men. Maybe it's even worse, because

the United States Census of 1930 reported 10,867, and 1 haven't any reason to believe that conditions have

improved much in the meantime. To be sure, the 1930 census calls them “males” and “females,” but that doesn't alter the situation. What complicates the situation far more is the rather alarming fact that the rest of the country isn’t behaving the way we are. Not by a long shot, because if you dig into this thing the way I have, you'll discover that the excess of males over females in America amounted to 1,043,872 in 1930. The excess of males figures out around 2.4 per cent, It also figures out that if Indianapolis didn't have a mind of its own, we'd have 8000 more men than women, instead of the lopsided thing we have now. Maybe it’s just as well not to pursue that line of thought, because I haven't the least idea what we would don with that many more men around here. Anyway, I want to stay with the women. It isn't

Mr. Scherrer

as easy as you think, because whether you know it

or not, women are might flighty. Even the 1930 census discovered that much, because when it came time to compile the final figures, it was learned that American husbands were short at least 150,000 wives. Where in heaven's name are they? That's what I would like to know, too.

® Missing Wives Aren’t Here

ITH what I've told you up to now, you'd suspect of course, that Indianapolis would be just the place to look for them. So did I. Indeed, by the law of averages, if nothing else, there ought to be at least 432 missing wives around here, but there aren't, Taks my word for it. Goodness only knows where they are. They aren’ among the widowed and divorced, because the census has accounted for all women in these brackets, Nor are they in Utah or Nevada, because I've combed those states of fertile matrimony and found everything o. k. After that, I lost hope.

on May Be in Europe

F course, some of the missing wives may be in Eue rope. As a matter of fact, that's where the Washington people think they are, because if you pin them down, they'll say that the excess of married men over married women is due mainly to the fact that there is a large number of foreign-born men in the United States who left their wives in their native countries. I'm sure T don’t know, All I know is that Indian apolis has 10,000 more women than men, and, glory be, they're all accounted for.

A Woman's View

By MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

HOUSEWIFE in Weatherford, Tex., 1s a wee bib mad at me for saying that modern business=

” LJ

]

” ”

| women would probably make better mothers than

our domestic paragons. She retorts: “I have reared a family and from the start have tried to instill into my children the principles of punctuality, honesty and integrity. I

My observation of businesswomen is that after I shall always pay tribute to the Where would our Long may she reign as queen

We are quite willing to say Amen to this, although

| far too many of these queens reign much as the real

ones used to do—because of their hereditary rights instead of their actual worth, We admit that for all their sacrifices plenty of fine mothers have received

| only lip service from their countrymen, and perhaps

knowing this, and being eager to make retribution

| for our past delinquencies, we have fallen into the

habit of giving all mothers the credit which only the

i few deserve.

Some of them go through life acknowledging pub= lic bows without ever questioning their right to ree ceive them. A certain amount of business training usually helps a woman to be a better mother, since through such

| training she understands the kind of problems her { children will have to meet later in life. | she will be more likely to teach them very early to

Therefore

, along with pcople. ens Ear of om so-called mothers run to the other extreme. They give in to the urge to “shelter” their children. They coddle and pet and possess them so ardently that before they are out of the nursery they are spoiled for living, and inevitably grow up to be emotionally unstable men and women, This, we must insist, is not good mothering, but a form of self-indulgence which is disastrous to the

young and therefore to society.

Health

Your

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

Editor, American Medical Assn. Journal

HERE are certain methods for preventing typhoid T fever that are now well established by widespread use. A vaccine made of Killed typhoid germs is of value in preventing the disease. In modern methods of typhoid fever the vaccine is given under the skin at s, for three weeks. ns to time it has been suggested that typhoid vaccine can be given by mouth instead of by injection. These methods have been in an experi= mental stage, in various parts of the world, but we do not yet know enough about them to be certain that they are reliable. : : No one knows how long the protection against typhoid fever lasts after the inoculations, but it seems likely that it is good for more than a year and, per=haps, for more than three years. In addition to preventing typhoid by means of vaccine, typhoid patients must be controlled so that they will not become a source of the germs. A pers son who has the disease is kept alone, preferably in a hospital. His room should be near the bath, and must be kept scrupulously clean. The material from his bowels and bladder, his saliva, and all bedding which might be contaminated by materials from the body must be sanitated. Form= aldehyde should be added to his urine. Material from his bowels may be disinfected with bleaching powder, cresol, formaldehyde, unslaked lime, and hot water. His sputum may be received in paper cups, which are burned. The utensils and bedding may be boiled or washed in strong disinfecting solutions. It is important, how= ever, to make certain that the disinfectant solution does not come in contact with the patient's skin. The patient should have his own dishes, cups, spoons, and glasses. All material left after a meal must be burned and all utensils boiled. The water used to bathe the patient should be disinfected by boiling, or with bleaching powder, be= fore it is allowed to run into the sewers. Milk bottles should never be taken into the sicke room. The patient's nurse must wash her hands thoroughly with scap and water each time she leaves the room. The average person should remember that, te avoid typhoid fever, he should never drink water or milk, or eat food when traveling, unless certain of its source and its safety. ;

vaccination, intervals of