Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 March 1937 — Page 15

Liberal View!

By HARRY ELMER BARNES

NEW YORK, March 11.—The second | World War may or may not be inevi- |

table. But in any event there is one fact out of which civilized persons may get some satisfaction. The contending powers are by no means spoiling for a fight to such a degree

as in 1914, They are not so eager to rush in without | reckoning carefully the price to be paid and possible |

outcomes ot the conflict. In 1914 most of the powers

involved were eagerly for a pretext which would justify

searching |

The Indianapolis Times

Second Section

THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1937

Entered as Second-Class Matter Indianapolis,

at Postoffice,

PAGE 15

Ind.

‘THIS BUSINESS OF RELIEF Two Castes Set Up Among Needy and Gulf Between Them Widens

their entrance into a conflict that |

had been prepared by the political, diplomatic and economic system that had shaped up between 1890 and 1914. In 1937, with the exception of

Germany and, possibly, Italy, the |

nations that are threatened with war are actually bending over backward in the effort to overlook literally dozens of pretexts far more serious than those which were eagerly seized upon in 1914 to bring a real war. In 1914 Russia alleged that Austria had mobilized against Serbia. Russia aiso contended that German troops had crossed the Russian frontier long before they actually did so and at a moment when the Kaiser was urging Russia to avoid war. Finally, Russia tried to justify her fatal general mobilization on the basis of a false report of German mobilization which had been published in the Berlin Lokalanzeiger at 1 o'clock on the afternoon of July 30, 1914, though we now know that news of this false report did not reach Russia until six hours after the general mobilization order had been sent out.

Dr, Barnes

» n

Germany Claimed False Aggression

”

several false acts of aggression on the part of France, It was charged that French troops had crossed the German frontier in the Vosges area, that a French aviator had crossed Belgium into Germany, and that bombs had been dropped by French aviators on Nuremberg and Karlsruhe. When Britain was drawn in as a result of the commitments made to France by Sir Edward Grey in November, 1912, and at other times, Britain avidly gobbled up the pretext of the German invasion of Belgium to justify the British entrance. But we now know that the British and French had laid their own plans to invade Belgium if the Germans were not foolish enough to beat them to it.

Hn Better War Pretexts Today NE could multiply these false pretexts of 1914, To-

day we have more than pretexts. have to fake air raids. Thousands of bombs have been

= »

dropped. Thousands of foreign nationals are engaged |

in the “little world war” in Spain.

Further, the European nations today desperately |

cling to diplomacy to the bitter end, even though it onlv seems to intensify the difficulties.

In 1914 the guilty nations threw diplomacy over- | hoard when it gave every promise of averting war, On | July 30, when the Russians ordered their mobilization | that made the European war inevitable, Britain, Ger- |

many and Italy were supporting diplomatic plans that would, in all probability, have made the war unnecessary. This change of attitude may not ultimately prevent war, but it has certainly delayed war. There is little to indicate that the altered attitude is due to a more tolerant or pacific spirit in Europe. appears to be the result of changed conditions.

Mrs.Roosevelt's Day

By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

HREVEPORT, La., Wednesday—Yesterday's from Denton to Ft. Worth, Tex.

typewriter on her knees and type as we drove along. Elliott tried to be careful but every now and then

we hit a bump, which was not so helpful to the typist. |

I was very much interested in the College for Industrial Arts for Women at Denton. Their art department has 30 teachers and they train for a number of professions, apparently very successfully. They

would have liked to show me the whole college in the | afternoon and I should have enjoyed seeing it, but |

when I had to choose between seeing the college and | LINT, Mich, March 11.—Juve-

having a few hours at home with my chiidren and grandchiidren, I chose to go home. We spent a very pleasant afternoon writing and reading and playing with the children. Ruth's mother, Mrs. Googins, came to supper and

we left her to r~rad to Chandler when we set off again |

to Denton wher: I had to speak at 8:15 in the evening. 1 had promised President Hubbord I would not be late in order that they could all listen to my husband's speech. T was just as anxious to be through and listen to him myself. This was a curious sensation because, as a rule, I have read the speech beforehand. But on this occasion. IT had no inkling of what was going to be said and so listened to it with an entirely fresh mind. We droye home very slowly with the radio turned on. and it certainly was a curious sensation to hear the President's voice sounding so natural and coming from the room which I could visualize so weil, while I was driving along a road in Texas, Early this morning we were up and packed and my granddaugiiter, Chandler, ushered us in to say good - by to Baby Elliott. After breakfast the Mayor of Shreveport, Mr. Sam Caldwell, came for us and we started on our drive from Ft. Worth to Shreveport.

It was a longer drive than I expected but a beau- |

tifui day and very lovely country, flat at first, later rolling with an increasing number of trees.

New Books

PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS—

URING the early part of the 19th Century, when |

theories of the perfect social order were being bandied about, there was growing up in England in the Quaker banking family of Gurney one who was later to be known as “The Angel of the Prisons.” Janet Whitney has had access to some heretofore unused journals, and in ELIZABETH FRY, QUAKER HEROINE (Little, Brown) she recaptures to a remarkable degree the gaiety and congeniality of this large family at Earlham Hall. Came Elizabeth's marriage to honest, generous Joseph Fry and her going up to London; and Elizabeth Gurney Fry's increasing interest those not so fortunate as herself, particularly women prisoners in Newgate One hundred vears ago, when death and transportation were the favorite remedies for crime, her

in the

methods were astounding. Here was one, and a woman |

at that, who wished to teach these unfortunate women, to give them employment, to exchange their dark solitary cenfinement for light and air, and, above all, to treat them with respect and kindness. Heresy indeed! Yet this unassuming woman became prison adviser to the crowned heads of Europe.

” 2 ”

«gy WOULD like, to begin with, to say that though parents, husbands, children, lovers and friends are all very well, they are not dogs. . . . Once dogs love, they love steadily, unchangingly, till their last preath. That is how I like to be loved. Therefore I wil! write of dogs.” In ALL THE DOGS OF MY LIFE, “Elizabeth”— Mary Annette Beauchamp grafin von Arnim (Doubleday) writes of 14, varying frem the Cocker Bijou of her infancy, to Bildad; Cornelia, “a black-backed, pbrown-bellied Dachshund who only understood German’; the Great Danes, Ingraban and Ingulf and the

puppies Ingo and Ivo; Coco, who was the author's |

favorite, and Chunkie, a Sealyham with inquisitive evebrows. And always when dogs and humans meet and love come inevitable pain and separation to write the final chapters of their friendships. Such were the sorrows the author experienced. Underneath the story of her dogs, run her own autobiography, tantalizing in its brevity, its philosophy, 1ts wit and keen understanding of life and

yO BY oR .

HEN Germany felt it necessary to enter the war, | as an answer to the Russian general mobiliza- | tion, which had been supported by France, she alleged |

We no longer |

Rather it |

column was typed in the car while we were driving | This is the first | time that Mrs. Scheider has actually had to put the |

came their increasing family-—-11 an all, |

(Fourth of a Series) By ROBERT S. BROWN

Times Special Writer

VW ASHINGTON, March 11.—Two separate worlds exist within the American system of relief.

| To those in one, the Federal Government in effect says, “You may have cake.” To the other, state and local gov- | erning bodies say, ‘Live on the crumbs, if you can.” This situation is largely the result of the Federal Government’s withdrawal of support from all but the two million at work on WPA. Prior to the work relief scheme, a fairly

| even

standard was maintained for all. In New Jersey, Georgia, Missouri or Ohio, even a casual

inspection reveals the wide differential between WPA and

local relief benefits. Only in | the “49th state”—New York | City—are the two types of as-

| sistance comparable. WPA has remained a relief measure, no matter how hard its sponsors have tried to make it a re-employment plan. There is a question as to the constitutional right of the Government to segregate its payment of present benefits to one group. To make Government projects successful, they must be made available to all unemployed. They must be freed of entanglements with relief. The “means test” must be abandoned and employees must be hired on the basis of their merits. The weak, the physically incapicitated, the aged and the indolent will fall by the wayside.

& un »

HE Social Security Act will catch many of these, and more of them as loopholes in the law are discovered and closed. There is, however, a definite number who will not fit into any of these assistance brackets. Unless the Government adds a new category to the Social Security Act, or returns to a system of erants to states for direct relief, this group will remain at the mercy of meager public and private charity. If a man or woman can work, his or her benefits should be larger and based on ability to produce. If they can’t or won't, then they must accept smaller benefits. Such is the law of nature. Under the Social Security Act the Federal Government accepts certain responsibilities for public assistance. But, many authorities argue, if it contributes to the support of thz aged, of dependent children, and of the blind, along with large appropriations for work projects, it must also, to be consistent, extend a helping hand to the unemployable needy who do not fit into these classifications. This is not to say that the Federal Government should assume

the whole burden for direct relief. It has established certain limitations under WPA and Social Security as to required state and local participation. And it has retained the right to establish standards and to scrutinize suprvisory methods. The United States Conference of Mayors has been the most powerful pressure lobby behind WPA. Led by Mayor La Guardia of New York, the conference has urged continuance of WPA af any cost, even to that of pauperizing those who could not qualify for the Federal type of work relief. » ” ”

. OU give us WPA,” the mayors have told President Roosevelt, “and we will take care

of direct relief.” This was a truth as far as Mayor La Guardia is concerned. New York City has a sales tax which, bolstered by state funds, rolls in the cash to provide decent standards and benefits. But how about Toledo, where finances are tight and just recently grocers refused to continue on credit the city’s direct relief load? How about Kansas City, where there is no direct relief except what can be raised from private sources? Or Atlantic City, or Cleveland, where assistance to those not on WPA is granted pretty much in conformity with the old poor-law system. What about Georgia, where in Jefferson County direct benefits to a needy family averaged 49 cents a person in December? One reason for the plight in which most states and cities find themselves is the increased cost of subsistence relief. No fault can be found with the New Deal's accomplishment in raising standards of poverty, but since it is responsible for this advance, it is argued that by the same token it is responsible to see that the standards are maintained. Fifteen of Ohio's most populous counties report that they have a combined gross deficit for direct

relief in 1936 amounting to nearly $1,500,000; that to April 15 their available funds in sight will be short $5,789,000; and that for the year 1937, unless other sources are tapped, they will be shy $15,487,C00. ” = ” OME of this necessary money will be found, but much of the difference will be taken out of the hides of those on direct relief, while WPA employees go on draw=ing an average of $80 a month on projects of increasingly doubtful value, Because of a decentralization of relief administration after WPA came into being, monthly data are not available for comparative purposes. If these figures were compiled, the decline in direct benefits, as compared with the rising total of work relief costs, would be staggering. If there is to be any logic to our whole program of public assistance, the Federal Government must, in the opinion of many students of the problem-— Re-establish its responsibility for a portion of direct relief costs. Reassert its control over standards and supervision of administration, and Accept direct relief as another category of social security.

Next—The Need for a Nationwide Study of Relief.

FLINT RECREATIONAL PROGRAM CUTS JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

By NEA SERVICE

nile cut 60 per { cent! | An effective barrier raised between death and children at play! Those are only the more striking of many good results obtained by the Flint plan of recreation. Scarcely ‘two full years of its operation have | been completed. and the definite re- | sults obtained have astonished even local backers of the plan, and drawn | inquiries from many other cities. Flint, recently in the limelight as the center of auto labor disputes, is an automobile-industrial city of 160,000. Practically every family has an automobile, and in a shocking [annual toll of auto victims there | were always from four to 10 chil[dren killed at play. Juvenile delinquency was also a | problem, and the courts handling | such cases were busy all day with a | flood of them. n

delinquency

” =

| OT a single child has been killed while playing in the | streets since the recreation program was organized. Juvenile delinquency has been cut 60 per cent to ja point where during last -August only two such cases came before the Probate Court. How was it all accomplished? Was the cost intolerable? How could a city establish more

than 1000 playgrounds and 15 com- |

| munity centers? Interested individuals ganizations of Flint got together to see what could be done, They con-

|ciuded that there were certain fa- | | cilities available which were not be- |

ing used. There were vacant lots and back yards which stood idle and unused. And the city school buildings. which

| time, Pamphlets were printed outlining the plans, and distributed throughout the city. They asked for use of vacant lots and yards, for contributions of iron pipe, rope, lumber, and other salvage materials that could be used for playground equipment. = = ”

EIGHBORS clubbed together to find and furnish a playspot in the neighborhood to run on a cooperative basis. Boy Scout and Girl Scout camps | provided facilities for a week of training for young Safety Crusaders, who were taught to supervise and | organize play, handicraft, games, | story-telling, health and traffic | safety. | These Safety Crusaders, sworn | in and each given a card and badge | of office, did yeoman service. They | reported traffic hazards, got permis- | sion of owners for use of lots, laid [out playyards and equipment, took | voung children to and from the | yards, and helped supervise operations.

and or- |

Fun is combined with practical teaching. This girl seems to be enjoving her lesson in needlework, realistic evidence of the | success of the Flint plan,

the smaller vards where Boy Scouts, Safety Crusaders, parents, or members of socially minded organizations vol= unteered for service as directors, It went over big the first summer. And in the summer of 1936, the program expanded beyond even the hopes of its backers. = 8 = ORE than a million visits to the playgrounds were made by Flint children. Many special events, such as outdoor theater and WPA orchestra performances, drew tens of thousands more. A safety bicycle pageant at the

the Flint Journal, had more than 1000 decorated bicycles in line, while 25,000 people watched. Success of the summer program brought forth the idea: Why not in winter, too? There lay the school buildings, dark at night. Charles Stewart Mott, a General Motors vice president and local philanthropist, went to the school board with a proposal. If they would make the school buildings available for winter recreational programs and activities, Mott would

Pub up the money to conduct

the

% ra 3 4

end of the summer, promoted by

, program and provide trained lead- | ers. The board agreed. Five buildings the first winter, and 15 the

as community centers, where recreation and education joined hands to fight juvenile delinquency. ” ” ”

from organizations such as ParentTeacher groups in each area. They drew up programs for their respec-

Board of Education. Five nights a week the program went on: all phases of athletics, dramatics, handicraft training, art, music, game-room activities, danecing classes, sewing, knitting, zlub meetings radio, child study, citizenship, English, story-telling, stamp clubs, airplane building, marionettes, singing and orchestras. This winter, nearly 10,000 men, women and children were enrclled in the work of the enlarged community centers. Some of the evening classes were divided into shifts, one Hom 6:30 to 8, one from 8 to 9:30, ete. Every effort was made to provide the kind of programs and work that the individual community wishes. For instance, one wanted tap dancIng instruction for children. The first night, 300 children turned out, the youngest 4 years old.

” ” ” LINT being an industrial city,

| Wood and metal working are espe‘cially popular and important. The

| variety of the work offered may be |

|sauged by the fact that this winter | instruction for young sportsmen in

fiyred and bait casting was asked |

{ for and provi . W pert fish- | vided foF the 40 javeest playarounds, | p ded. with expert fish-|

stood idle summers and nights; in| While other supervisors toured and | other words, the greater part of the | Kept in touch with

ermen as instructors. These community center activities have the doubly beneficial result of keeping the young folks off the streets in the evenings, and of providing for them interests other than the dubious ones sometimes devised by young people when they start to run in “gangs.” When the city was virtually paralyzed during the recent auto strike, the recreational program was about the only thing that carried on in normal fashion. An emergency program was quickly drawn, to provide recreational facilities for the thousands who suddenly had nothing to do as a result of the strike. This was so successful that an exhibit of handicraft work just concluding in a downtown auditorium consists 80 per cent of work finished during the strike. Flint has no doubt that the presence of these recreational facilities helped minimize disorders by giv-

do than roam the streets. Scores of inquiries have come

| of the program and its success, and | are considering similar plans to take [ine off the streets and give

them a chance to develop abilities | stance, | attempt to correct Congress, It

snc teres.

AER PRs 4 ¥

second winter, were made available |

OCAL committees were formed | to conduct each center, drawn | | he should have made when he first

tive centers, co-operating with the posal. |

| forward originally | justification

| fenders — have become a super-

i a third house of Congress. the facilities in machine shop, ! ne

| viewed to insure that there has been (a fair trial and that no official has

ing thousands something better to | of alcohol.

Students are shown here at work in the Indiana University Extension Library in Indianapolis following its renovation by WPA workers.

Roosevelt Went to Heart Of Issue in Chat—Clapper

By RAYMOND CLAPPER

Times Special Writer

ASHINGTON, March 11.—-In his fireside chat, President |

Roosevelt made the argument which |

announced his Supreme Court pro-

Congestion in the courts was put | as the primary | for the proposal. Tt never was more than an incidental reason, as is likely to be demon=strated when the Senate Judiciary Committee finishes questioning Attorney General Cummings. That ar= gument never has impressed this observer. Roosevelt now relegates it to the secondary place where it belongs. There is no congestion sufficient to warrant enlarging the Supreme Court. Roosevelt at last goes straight to the heart of the issue. He focusses attention on the real reason which justifies his action. That reason is the necessity of pulling certain justices of the Court back into their constitutional judicial role, forcing them out of the legislative, policy making field where they—five or six of them are the most chronic of-

Legislature, or what Roosevelt calls

”n ” ”

ORE and more in the last 50 | vears, and particularly under the New Deal, the Supreme Court | has exercised two functions,

One is its original function, the judicial one in which cases are re-

exceeded his authority under the law. The other function, growing out of the power of reviewing acts of Congress and of state legislatures, has gradually been extended, with the Court substituting its arbitrary judgment as to what is wise and reasonable for the judgment of Congress. This has been done under cover of reading into the broad and sometimes vague phrases of the Constitution, the Court's opinion of what the founding fathers would have done if they had been living now. Long-range mind reading.

HE 18th Amendment gave Congress power to prohibit “intoxicating” liquor. Congress then enacted the Volstead act, defining intoxicating liquor as that which contained one half of one per cent Many persons ques-

the Supreme Court did not

| tickets | products of child labor. It can con-

ac-g McReynolds is Rex Tugwell, wv

| first directory doesn't record any capitalists.

ur Town

By ANTON SCHERRER

XCEPT for Charles S. Murphy over in the Board of Trade Building, I wouldn't

| be able to tell you that back in 1855 the

Bates House Hair Dressing and Bathing Saloon advertised that it could color whiskers “in a superior style.” Mr. Murphy fairly oczes information like that, and it’s the most natural thing that he should, be=cause he has every directory of Indianapolis ever

issued—83, as a matter of fact. The Fletcher Trust people also have a <omplete set and so have the Central Library, the State Library and the law firm of Smith, Remster, Hornbrook & Smith. That's about all, though. Fred Dickson thought some of starting a collection at one time, said Mr. Murphy, but he never got around to it. The first directory ever issued in Indianapolis, according to Mr. Murphy, was the one published by Grooms & Smith in 1855. It records about 2600 names, which is just about the number it takes to fill 10 pages of the present telephone directory. Those were the days when everybody around here was working, and doing well, apparently. Anyway, the 8. Jd, Gorman was a wool-carder; Daniel Francis, a laste maker; D. Elbert, a wiper; 8. G. Daily, a chandler; G. B. Hill, a daguerrean artist; Sam Parrott, a cover=let weaver: A. S. Mount, a currier; Richard Ware, a spinner; Andrew Fuqua, a toll-gate keeper (the one

Mr. Scherrer

| at Washington St. and the river), and John Shay,

56 Streels Listed

cepted the Congressional definition. | But when Congress says in the] Guffey act that the mining of coal, | by the very nature of the coal in-

| dustry, affects interstate commerce, |

the Supreme Court does not accept |

| the definition of Congress but sub- |

stitutes its own contrary judgment, and throws out the law. Look at the conflicting decisions | of the Court, the bickering between the majority and the minority, each insisting that its view is constitutional. Look at the weaving back and forth in the cases under the due-process and commerce clauses and judge for yourself whether they make sense. nu »

NDER the due-process clause, states are permitted to restrict the hours of women but not their wages. They can fix women’s hours but not men’s. The Federal Govern- | ment can use the taxing power to] penalize oleomargarine but not | goods made with child labor. Under the commerce clause, the Federal Government can control] trading in grain futures but cannot | allow farmers to make voluntary contracts with it to reduce production. It can prohibit traffic in lottery but not traffic in the

trol railroad rates within a state be- | cause thev. might affect interstate | commerce, but it cannot administer

| a railroad pension system for rail- | road employees,

o on ”

HAT we have is a hodgepodge of incoherent precedents in which judges have wriggled, | squirmed, chased commas all around |

the barn, flopped this way and that building a monumental structure of organized chaos. Justices dip into this grab bag of irrational stuff and fish out dozens of opinions to support any side of any case. They do it every time the Court divides on a case. In the present situation, a lameduck holdover majority all appointed before the depression, don't like the New Deal and they use the power which they happen to have to substitute their own ‘“personal economic predilections” for the judgment of Congress—and that is on the authority of Justice Stone, who said it from the bench. These judges are using their power to frustrate ends sought in three elections by the American people. A government of laws? It is a government of men—five men

|in a pinch, five men sitting there

for life who can't be kicked out of office at any election. | If that is democracy then Justice |

a r—

| lic business.

I'm still stuck on Mr, Shay's business. n " ”

a greaser,

HE same directory has a list of the streets of the town. There were exactly 50 with names. Six more had numbers—sure, from First to Sixth Sts. Moreover, there were seven temperance orders, 15 hotels and just as many boarding houses. Francis Costigan, the architect, boarded at the Capitol House, and Caleb Mills, the teacher, at Illinois and Mary= land Sts. Charlie Mayer did business at 29 W. Washington St, and C. Grinsteiner, the undertaker, on Market St., between Noble and Liberty Sts. John C. Wright's record was pretty good, too, said Mr. Murphy. Mr. Wright's name appears in the first directory and stayed in every directory up until 1926. It's 71 years, if you care to figure it. Mr, Wright did a lot of moving, though, because he started in the grocery business on the Bates House corner and ended up a capitalist in the Union Trust Building. o

”n Ads Most Interesting

HE ads, however, were what I liked best. H, Rosengarten’s Apothecary proclaimed “Deobstru=ent, or German bitters for the removal of all viscerate obstructions.” The Bates House Eating Saloon advertised ‘venison, wild ducks, pheasants, quails, grouse and the best quality of fresh shell oysters.” Drum & Hill sold “nails, glass, fish and salt,” and J. R. Osgood & Co. made “felloes, bows and singletrees.” F. J. Johnson, D. D. 8, spilled the news that he inserts teeth on platina with the continuous gum.” I looked all through the first directory for some sign of lightning rods, but they don’t turn up until 1858. After that, they went big. Sometime around 1860, too, Benjamin Harrison, a lawyer, started ade vertising.

A Woman's View By MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

ERHAPS the most striking difference in the sexes is their manner of conducting conventions. And certainly, when it comes to this enterprise, the ladies need not feel inferior. During my life I daresay I have been eye-witness to hundreds of masculine get-togethers. Large, pow= erful groups of men, rigged out with titles, some with encugh authority to make or break multitudes, meet to discuss momentous matters of business or state, and a good half of them get snagged on the third highball, after which the affair becomes a riot. I have known delegates who drank their way straight through a case of whisky without hearing a single committee report and to whom the most impor tant question of the day was, “What'll yours be, Bour= bon or Scotch?” They are a good deal alike at this point. Bankers, publishers, merchants, politicians, professional men and patriots, when gathered in solemn conclave, usually begin their conventions with a conference and end them in a coma. It is an undisputed fact that such events, notably the wild jamborees of the American Legionnaires, are signals for the sort of unrestraint we usually associe ate with hoodlums. The men all want to be boys again—preferably brats—and nearly always succeed, One is not surprised to find so little accomplished, but that they get anything done at all. When we turn to the feminine side, how changed everything is! The ladies are invariably as solemn as owls and as sober as Supreme Court judges. The only orgies they indulge in are shopping sprees, and these are usually left to the giddy younger members. They are expeditious about their work, sit patiently through the speeches, taking voluminous notes, and are prepared to give a detailed report of each day's proceedings when they get back home. If it is permissible to make odious comparisons, it should be evident that the women are demonstrating their superior ability in dispatching this kind of pubIt has been charged that they talk too much. But that I think is more commendable than the male conversational brevity which is so often re stricted to the phrase, “Say when!”

Your Health

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor American Medical Assn. Journal HE streptococcus causes a good many diseases that affect the human being. One of the most serious conditions caused hy streptococci is erysipelas., It used to be called "St. Anthony's Fire''—a fine descriptive term for the acute, brilliant red inflame mation of the skin that distinguishes erysipelas, Erysipalas may appear anywhere on the body, although certain parts are more likely to be affected than others. If parts of a person's body have been frozen, the tissues may be so damaged that erysipelas will appear secondarily. Accident injuries not ine frequently lead to erysipelas. A condition known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, this disease apparently has attacked human beings regularly since the earliest times. Erysipelas occurs most often during the months from October to March rather than in the summers time, and reaches its highest frequency in March. The disease is not so common in children as it is in persons between the ages of 20 and 60. Men have erysipelas more often than do women because of the nature of their occupations, and because they are exposed more frequently to physical injuries and bad weather conditions in the winter months. Before the nature of infection was understood, there were great epidemics of erysipelas in hospitals. The infection would be carried from one person to another by careless attendants. Nowadays the great danger of erysipelas is recoge= nized, and any person who has the disease is prompte ly put into a room by himself and is assigned an individual nurse or attendant who takes care of him alone, and never goes near other people until the condition is under control. People living at home should, of course, emulaie this practice. If anyone in the family has erysipelas,

' one person shoull be selected to take care of him. ¥