Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 March 1937 — Page 13

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)

Liberal View

BY HARRY ELMER BARNES NEW YORK. March 10.—As the war

clouds on the European horizon grow more threatenine, the question whether America can keep the peace becomes more important. No one denies that when massacres start “over there,” every effort will be made to drag America into the gory game study the problem and particularly must we realize that no program for maintaining peace promises the slightest hope of success unless the economic foundations of war are kept clearly in mind. The economic causes of war may be boiled down to (1) struggles for markets and access to raw materials in a world where they are monopolized by a few nations; (2) high protective tariffs and “sconomic nationalism.” and (3) the antagonism between the two great competing European systems, Communism and Fascism It is couse for rejoicing that organizations like the National Peace Conference resenting 36 of the most prominent pacifist organizations, have tackled the problem of peace from the economic of view It

{he

Consequently, we cannot nf

peace too deeply,

Pr. Barnes ren.

resolute point is heartening to realize that American pacifists are becoming and that they are prowing aware of the futility of diplomatic slogans, neutrality gestures and rhetorical formulas. The road to peace must take another direction, " n un

Peace Report Submitted

HE National Peace Conference has submitted a report on “Economics and Peace,” drawn up by more than 30 able and international relations. The report emphasizes at the outset the basic fact that world peace and social justice are inseparably linked.

realists,

The committee suggests that peace can be kept only under the following conditions: Relatively complete freedom of trade, with full aceess to raw ma terials and foreign markets, Free trade might make neutrality more difficult once war breaks out, but it certainly helps to postpone war

” »n n

Rounties Suggested

F domestic industries are unable to stand up under foreign competition, we should pay our producers bounties or bonuses, instead of erecting high tariff walls. Such bounties, however, should be so large that our manufacturers could dump their goods in foreign markets. It is far better to have a svstem of reciprocal trade agreements, such as President Roosevelt is fostering, than to attempt to make the major nations of the world economically self-sufficient Fconomic selfsufficiency is never more than artificial anyway. Freer trade relations are wholesale redistribution of especially since the latter without wa International economic relations should be eontrolled by an expert and impartial commission. This hody would act with bias toward none and justice to all Finally. foreign investments should be made only in countries where relative free trade exists. Else how are you going to withdraw either interest or principal? Repayment in currency is difficult or impossible, and if tariffs are high, payment through imports are practically prohibited.

more practical than colonies and territory, could hardly be effected

Mrs. Roosevelt's Day

By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT F I'' WORTH, Tex. Tuesday--It took us time to get to Ft. Worth for the 11 e'llock morning lecture yesterday. Afterward I met the members of the foundation which sponsored my lecture, also Ruth and her mother, Mrs. Joseph B, Googing, with whom I stayed for lunch. Elliott was waiting for us when we came out about 1:15. As we went through the lobby of the hotel, a young girl came up and said that she wanted to interview me for her school paper. I told her that unfortunately there was no time for an interview, but that I would answer her questions as we were walking along. As usual, the question was one of those which would require a book to cover adequately: “What do vou think, Mrs. Roosevelt, of college education for girls?” The only answer is that everybody's education has to be considered from the point of view of each individual, and each individual should attempt to obtain the kind of education which best fits his own capacity and needs. Of course, books not only could be written but have been written on this question of college training. I always gasp when these questions are propounded in a casual and light-hearted manner as I walk through the lobby of a hotel. Back at the ranch we put on our outdoor clothes and walked down to examine closely all the animals, Then, when Elliott and Ruth went riding, Mrs Scheider and I went to work on the mail which had come in. On their return thev suggested another walk and Chandler, who was up from her nap, came with us Early dinner, and back to the Ft. Worth Will Rogers Memorial Auditorium for the evening speech. On this trip comparatively few question periods have been asked for at the end of the speeches. I am always rather sorry about this because I feel that so often one may leave out of an address the very point which someone in the audience particularly wants to hear discussed, and the questions provide an opportunity to bring out the particular interests of a locality. I am always conscious of the fact that having lived much of my life in the State of New York. mv detailed knowledge and many of my illustrations must be drawn from the environment which I know best, and they may not apply as well to various parts of the country in which I am speaking, Therefore. questions seem to me particularly important in relating the subject to the part of the country in which I may be.

very little

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helpful book nn a

American students of economics |

The Indianapolis Times

Second Section

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 10, 1937

Entered as Second-Cla

al Postoffice,

¥ n ”

Mixing

” n ”

‘THIS BUSINESS OF RELIEF

Work and Relief a Mistake, Administration Experts Say

n n »

EE EE ET TT YT TT TT TT EE EFT OE Or TT OT TT ET TET TTT rrr rar AE ERR ER RRR RARER EAE EE ERA ER , RI ts wo RN < Ded

RET I EE IT TT EE rrr rr ER ER TR EE RN RE Er rr RE RE EE EE EE RE EAE EE

photos were taken at the State WPA offices, 217 N. Senate Ave, and show Mr. Coy * at work, holding conferences and directing the stupendous work of keeping Indi. For the last year Mr, Coy has devoted abort half his Ifare Department of which he is Director,

Mr. Cov, Washington is calling!

attack by Peter A. Cancilla sent this

SR Raa i

(Third of a Series)

By ROBERT S. BROWN

Times Special Writer

ASHINGTON, March 10.—The nation’s experiences

in work reliel during the past four years have con-

vinced most Administration experts that—

1. To combine work

and

relief is disadvantageous

hoth to the worker and the project. 2. To attempt economical, worthwhile public improve-

ments, skilled labor, 1s futile.

without long-term financing, careful planning and

With these two convictions in mind, a new approach

can be made {o the question of providing work to relieve unemployment. A long-range public works program, divided into two sections (one to include only such projects as the Federal Government itself is willing to finance, supervise and complete: the other to embrace projects which the Government would finance in part, but with the localities shouldering the responsibility), probably will be worked out of the confusion ecreated by CWA, FERA and WPA.

A .

As a first step in such a plan, the "means test"—proof of need —must be forgotten and public employment opened to all unemsployed who can work, This immediately has two good effects. First, the stigma of relief is removed from the legitimate unemployed. Second, the labor supply is broadened sufficiently to offer an adequate supply of trained and efficient workers.

n ” » HE public works program, be-

cause of present economic trends, must be held to such

Mr. Coy, there's someone to see vou. camera shots should give yon the idea that Wayne Coy, State WPA director and Acting State Welfare Director is a pretty busy man—at least he was until recently when an 32-year-old public official to the hospital. The time to WPA work, the rest to the State We

These candid |

projects as do not require large expenditures for durable goods. That pump has already been primed. But a vast reservoir of jobs which should be done is left. Public sentiment has been aroused and is ready for widespread conservation of national resources. Flood control is necesgary if the devastating high waters of the Mississippi drainage hasin are to be kept in check, Pollution abatement, reforestation, measures to prevent soil erosion, development of express highways and other nation-wide projects are available. The secondary phase of longrange public works has to do with local projects only—county, township or municipal improvements, Much has been done in this field by WPA and PWA, but the field is still wide open, providing that taxpayers are given a voice in deciding what the projects shall be, and that the Federal Government will help to carry the jobs to completion once they are started ” ”n ” NLY on the basis of bonafide public works will the Govern-

ment be able to establish definite

(ENE EERE ESE REAR ENR FE ERR RRR R ER REE REE RRR ERE REE ERE EEE EER EEE REN

Bookkeeping machines!

Records! engaged in the task of helping Wayne Coy direct Indiana relief projects, work the machines that write the checks for the relief workers; they find the records that show how much has been spent to date on this project: they work the machines that

i bo

ERT asncERERE RRNA RR AEEEARRAN

Filing systems!

Hundreds of fingers daily are

These fingers

WILD PRAIRIE GRASS FORMS TWO| MILES OF ROOTS EVERY 24 HOURS]

By DR, FRANK THONE Fditor in

by Sc

Service

1037

Science Rinlogy

(Copvy jence 8 0)

Wy puter. March Roots are formed at the of two miles a day by an clump of one of the wild

ight ric 10. vate

average | prairie | |

grasses of the West. When the plant |

is two years old, it has a total of nearly 320 miles of roots, probing through a mass of soil seven feet deep and four feet square. These figures on the root age” of crested wheat grass presented at the meeting of Botanical Society of here, by T. K. Paviychenko the University of Saskatchewan. Mr. Pavivehenko was born in Ukrainia, but for several years has been a Canadian citizen. thus had long experience in two of the world's greatest grassland

“milewere the

Washington, |

He has |

hundreds that dot every acre of the millions of acres and American West,

” ” ”n

R Pavilychenko's laborious piece of root-research is belicved to be the first that has ever laid bare every inch of the whole fine-branched root system plant. Fellow-scientists looked on his specimen, laid out in a wide, shallow tank, with something like awe The that Mr

specimen Pavly-

chenko had with him in Washing- |

ton nilt thorough-going

is only one of a whole series, up in the course of the most and exhaustive

study of grass-roots life history ever

undertaken. Three species were under investi-

| gation as candidates for the tough

areas, the steppes of Russian Eura- | sia and the prairie-plains region of |

western North America,

of his special study, was introduced |

| from western Siberia into | Plains area several decades ago, as

the |

Crested wheat grass, the subject |!NS:

Job of reconquering the soil of Saskatechewan, made mutinous by long suffering under drought, over-graz-and over-cultivation. These three were crested wheat slender wheat grass, and brome

| grass.

a means for combating weeds which |

were spreading at an alarming rate in the old cattle country. proved to be not only a very successful weed control and a

the soil against that starts dust

efficient binder of the wind erosion storms, »n ” » O make a thorough investigation of the cord-like roots of this grass, Mr. Pavivehenko undertook a really monumental job, combining the patient digging of a geologist with the delicate technique of a surgeon First he around the

dug down

good |

forage plant, but aiso a remarkably | few

The grass maturity

In the experimental plots part of the grass plants were grown for while others were devoted to the excavation experiments. weeks old,

specimens were

| trenched and dug out at stated in-

whole column of roots of one of the |

| 2-rear-old wheat-grass tufts. took a week. Then he carefully { wrapped the whole thing in burlap, to keep it from crumbling. Then he

That

enclosed the column in a kind of

| sectional cage, | loose from the floor of his trench. With the aid of a few

cutting the bottom |

husky |

| young assistants, he lifted the whole | mass out, tilted it over sidewise, and |

laid it in a big tank. water, and let it soak for two days, until the soil was soft. ”n n ” FE A\HEN his real work beaan. Reginning at the bottom of the he directed a fine, brush-like of water, washing the zoil away and exposing the intricate curtain of roots without breaking | even the smallest branches. Inch by inch he worked, and as he cleared the roots he plotted every one on square-ruled paper, making a complete chart of the whole root system. This job, of washing and | charting from bottom to top, took two weeks. Then he labored over his charts, | measuring and calculating. There | were a thousand “leader” roots,

tank

spray

| each with many branches, and these |

| in turn with many smaller branches

He poured in!

(and branchiets. This job of measur- |

| ing took a solid month. | At the end he had the root mile- | age of one grass clump—319 miles.

| And this clump was only one of|

tervals through two growing seasons, so that at the end there was a whoie series representing all stages in growth,

in the Canadian

Of @|

grass, |

to| study of their tops, |

Beginning | when the seeding plants were only a |

HE youngest plants were of course easy to dig out and put | through the root-washing process, | but by the time a clump of crested | wheat grass was two years old ils

roots occupied a block four feet square by eight feet deep, weighing about four tons. To wash out every grain of this soil with the fine water-spray was a task requiring a great deal of | skill and infinite patience, yet Mr. | Pavlychenko and his aids did it with plant after plant. They did every ounce of the work with the spray, never once touching a finger to the roots, even fo remove occasional stones.

| fully preserved in formalin solution, |the little ones in ordinary fruit jars, [the big ones in metal tanks. Thus [they were kept until the long Cana|dian winter brought leisure for de- | tailed study. ¥ 4 #&

HE general upshot of the comparative study was that crested | wheat grass has very decided advantages over both its competitor species, in longevity, health of roots, ability to choke out weeds, holding power against wind erosion, and amount of humus it puts into the soil. And it is withal a good forage plant. Mr. Paviychenko pointed out that this method of root study can also be used to good effect on other plants than grasses.

ORES GLOW IN BLACK LIGHT

~—Science Service Photo

MILL CITY, Nev, March 10.—Invisible light rays of ultra-violet are being used at the Humboldt Mine near here to detect patches

of scheelite, which is one of principal sources of tungsten.

Mines

in this vicinity produce more than half of all tungsten used in the

United States. Frequently

it is radiated with ultra-violet

scheelite quite like the quartz with which

looks when the

is nearly colorless and it is associated. However, rays from the lamp which

miner holds, it fluoresces and glows characteristically in the brighter

arcas above,

{

ana's unemployed at useful labor,

Then each root-system was care-|

-e

ratios for contributions from local

will be to the advantage of local officials to select only such needed projects as will provide the greatjobs. Otherwise, relief will eon= on local

sources in providing work. And it

est number of the cost of direct tinue to weigh heavily taxpavers,

Under such a clear-cut system,

bond issues could be planned in

advance by the municipalities and counties. The Federal Government, in turn, could suit its annual budget to the requirements instead of relying on guesswork. Such a program, too, would bring about a readjustment of hours and wages, not ona “security” basis as at present, but on prevailing local scales. A worker would not be forced to lay off when he had worked a limited number of hours per month, but could go ahead until a project was completed He would be normal employment an annual income equal to his efficiency.

returned to his habits, with more nearly The pres-

Sullivan Fears Court Plan

Would Wreck Judiciary

ERE rer RE RE RRR EERE ERA RERILERESRHN.] > E

ad a

ent economy, aimed toward assist= ance to consumer goods, would be maintained, and on a more secure basis.

¥ 4 8 O keep the program from competing with business and industry, it will be necessary for it to he elastic that projects can be “turned on” wk n private falls off, and curbed Only advance can

employment when careful planning accomplish this, As to cost, the plan will bring little reduction until it is in full operation, co-ordinated with all other branches of public assist« ance, and administered in cooperation with a unified system of labor exchanges. To be thoroughly efficient it must operate on the merit system, both as to projects and workers, Such a program fits into President Roosevelt's proposal for a new Federal Department of Public Works.

NEXT—The necessity for direct relief.

there is a

pickup,

issue bulletins to the bosses on the jobs; they write the letters that keep Washington informed on the progress of the whole gigantic project. counts on to help him keep the State's relief machinery running at peak efficiency, and so far, Mr. Coy said, they have not failed.

It is these workers that Mr. Coy

By MARK SULLIVAN

ASHINGTON, March 10.

Democratic Senator Burke of Supreme Court, by a unanimous de= | act

| Nebraska in his radio speech, called | the President's court proposal “the

| greatest disservice ever done to the |

| cause of democracy.” | The statement is

| justified. Perhaps if

strong,

differently | said it was

Federal Trade Commissgion--and the

| cision, declared the President's

illegal. The President, with his associates,

[wrote and promulgated NRA-—and

| i bmd but | the Court, by a unanimous decision,

unconstitutional, In

| phrased, the truth in it might be|some other matters the Court, by a

| more readily grasped. I imagine that much of the public thinks of | such statements as mere | mentative rhetoric. | not realize that America has come |to a phase in which the very essentials of civilization must be retaught—for the benefit of a generation that has not had to thought to them. Once in so often, a citizen finds | himself summoned into court in a | litigation in which the Government |is the other party. At all times, | every citizen is subject to it. When it happens, the citizen knows that before the court he stands equal with the Government. The court | feels no obligation to decide in | favor of the Government. There [ have been complaints against all | courts, but none ever said that a court had a fixed bias in favor of the Government. ‘ | ” ”n ” HE independence of the judiciary, this safeguard against | oppression by Government, is the | most. precious possession of man, | Because we have long had it, we [have come to take it for granted. No American is able to conceive a court He cannot conceive a court as being what courts are in Russia, Germany and Italy. So long have we in America felt | secure in this possession of an in- | dependent judiciary that today we [think it is like the air we breathe, | something conferred upon us without effort on our part, Without effort by this genera- | tion, true enough. But we have | forgotten that to achieve it took effort upon the part of scores of generations. It took over six centuries. It took wars and bloodshed and many martyrdoms. Victory was | first achieved in England. It had | been won there before America | wrote its Constitution. But it had

as being anvthing different. |

| varying ma jority—6 to 3, 5 to 4, 8

|to 1—decided against the Govern-

_ argu= ment. The public does |

Because the Court decided against the President, what does the Presi[dent propose?

He proposes to so

that it will the decisions he desires. If the proposal succeeds, if the Supreme Bench is turned into a court which under these stances will find in favor of

Government, then there will

give

have

independence of the judiciary. destruction will be so that every one will know that before the courts the citizen is no

n ” o

not be permanent. It is said that the new justices appointed by

of the Government with respect only to the specific measures which the President has said he wants, NRA, Triple-A, and the others. If is said that thereafter the new justices would feel and share the tradition of independence that the Supreme Court has had for nearly 150 years, But to this there eral answers,

In the first place, the President | must appoint his new justices not |

merely with a view to their deciding in favor of the Government with respect to NRA, Triple-A and the other measures the President has mentioned. The President must appoint his new justices with a view to future measures. We can safely surmise that it is the future measures that the Presi dent, consciously or

| been =o recently won that the writ- |

lers of our Constitution knew how important it was. They wanted America to be a |eountry in which the question should never arise, So they wrote the Constitution in such a way 8s to assure the independence of the courts, and the protection of the | citizen's rights by the courts, These assurances were specified in several parts of the Constitution and implicit in all of it. Among other ways, it was provided that Fetleral judges should hold office for life, and be not removable except for cause and by process of impeachment. ” ” ” OW let us turn to Mr. Roosevelt's present action. Why is | he irritated against the Supreme | Court? His grievance {is this:

Government to dismiss,

decided against the | The President wanted

has most in mind, ures that the Supreme Court has invalidated do not, by their absence, seriously inconvenience Mr, Roosevelt, The Administration and the

{country are doing very well without | them,

| |

| & |a period of deference to the Presi- |

n ” »

OREOVER, even justices were

if the disposed,

new after

| dent, to become again independent,

it would be difficult for them to do 80. The country would not quickly reacquire confidence in the independence of the Court. The new judges would be spoken of as the “President’s judges.” And finally, the form of society which the New Deal contemplates cannot exist alongside an independent judiciary.

in favor of the Government and aid the Government to carry out its

and did dismiss, a member of the !will,

{

WW ray Wiig,

Indianapolis,

circums- | the |

been wrought a destruction of the | The | farreaching |

longer equal with the Government. |

T is said that the change would

are seve |

unconsciously, | The past meas- |

Matter Ind

PAGE 13

Our Town

By ANTON SCHERRER

LMOST from the very start Indianapolis had nicknames for the different parts of town. For example: “Waterloo” was the region between the Bluff Road (S. Meridian St.)

and the river bottom, south of the Belt Railroad; “Cotton Town” was the district west of the canal and around wheat is now 16th St.; “Stringwas the territory along the National Road west, of the river; “Sleighgo” was the Negro settlement east of Broad Cut, and west of the spot where the terrible Purdue wreck occurred. “Peedee”’ was a name early wished on the country around Thinois and Tinker (16th) Ste: “Kinderhook” was the triangle bounded by Virginia Ave. and Maryland and Alabama Sts.; “Germantown” was the nickname for N. Noble "St.; and, of course, there was “Bucktown,” a name given the district west of the Mr. Scherrer canal and south of Indiana Ave, Of all these, Bucke town is the only one to retain its original nickname, The Negroes had nothing to do with nicknaming it, The district got its name as early as 1837 by way of old Dave Buckhart (Buck, for short), a leader of a gang of roving laborers who came to town to work on the National Road, When work was slack on the road, they spent their time digging wells and cellars, even moving houses. And they were good at stealing their neighbor's pigs, poultry and potatoes, Mr. Buckhart generally went around town dressed up in an old slouch hat, a pair of breeches held up by a single suspender, minus a coat and vest, and alwavs harcfooted, His associates were like himself in appearance, buf, better disposed, At any rate, Buck was the best fighter and the biggest whisky drinker. \

town”

”n n nN Known as ‘Chain Gang’

OLLECTIVELY, they were known as the “chain gang,” and they set up a reign of terror around here that lasted until the time of the Civil War, A feud between them and the Negro residents was inevitable, and culminated in a collision with Old Man Overall, a plucky Negro who lived on the open common near the present line of Ohio St, and Milie tary Park. The chain gang let it be known that they meant to get Mr. Overall on a certain night, and the Negro pathered his sons and guns and prepared for a siege. The assailants made a demonstration before the “Overall’s fortress” but a few shots scared them off and everybody accepted it as a signal victory for the Negroes, This was pretty near the end of the chain gang's career, ”n on ”

End of Gang

HE actual end came with Buck's attempt to break up an open-air Methodist revival meeting, conducted by the Rev. James Havens, then in the prime of his enormous physical strength. On the third day of the meeting, Buck, bare= footed and considerably drunk, wandered into the meeting with the purpose. of course, of breaking it up. Like a good minister of the gospel, the Rev, Havens tried to reason with him, and that doing no good, he sailed into him for fair. Sure, he made mince~ meat of old Buck. This too much for Buck and he moved to the Bluffs, which was as far from Bucktown as he | could go without leaving Indianapolis. Legend has it that Mr. Buckhart reformed after that and lived | to a ripe old age.

was

A Woman's View

By MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

\Y ELEANOR ROOSEVELT'S lecture tour | AVR through the Southwest will take her to the edge of the dust bowl. On March 12 she is to visit Alva, OKla,, where she will dedicate a new building of the State Teachers College and make two other addresses, For all three the First Lady will collect $3000. In reality this is a cut rate, for Mrs. Roosevelt is just about tops on the lecture platform, being paid $1250 for every professional performance, This money, as we are told, is all turned over to charity. The President's wife is to be commended for her fine generosity, although a more splendid gesture on her part, we believe, would be to turn a part of the moncy back to the community from which it comes. The land lying adjacent to the Panhandle of Okla= homa, upon which Alva is situated, has borne no grain to speak of for three years, The farmers, many of thera at least, are in a bad way and now the dust ia rolling once more over the earth, blowing the planted wheat from the ground so that prospects for a 1937 crop are not good. Three thousand dollars would go a long way toward mitigating some of the distress of the residents, There is a tendency everywhere to provide for the needs of those who are far away and to ignore those of the people who are near us. It is one of the most inconsistent of our merciful impulses, into which our imagination tricks us. For we like to believe that peo« ple out of sight are more virtuous and worthy than those whose faults we so plainly see, Mrs. Roosevelt and her managers, we feel sure, will see how farcial it is to take money out of the dust bow! to give to the children at Warm Springs, Ga., or wherever it may be going. With a more provincial attitude at this point, the Federal Government might not have to finance sc many community projects, nor give so much to local charities,

the President would decide in favor |

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

American Medical Assn,

N the usual mild cage of mumps, the symptoms firsé noticed are headaches, vomiting, loss of appetite, pains in the back and limbs. and a very slight fever, These symptoms usually are associated with any of the common infectious diseases, Then there may be some pain in the jaw which fs increased by jaw movements, by pressure on the | glands, and sometimes by eating pickles, lemons, or | other sour foods. The swelling may begin on both sides of the face at once, but usually one side begins to swell a day or two before the other. In very severe cases, the swelling may be so large that the person will not be recognizable. In milder cases, of course, the swelling may be slight. The symptoms affecting the body as a whole seldom last more than three or four days, but may last longer if there are complications. If tha blood of the patient is examined, the doctor will usually find an increase in the number of small white blood cells. Children do not ordinarily have secondary symp= toms with mumps because they are usually put to bed and kept there until well, Adults, however, quite frequently suffer from coms | plications. Thus, infectious organisms may pass from the glands in the cheeks to those having to do with | sex in either the male or the female. This is a com= mon and serious complication and needs most care= ful treatment, The ordinary case of mumps requires little special treatment. The patient, of course, should be kept in bed, and should follow a light diet, principally be~ cause of the pain caused by chewing. If there is fever and much swelling, of course the patient should remain in bed for several days after the fever has subsided. As with most swollen glands, the application of heat or cold may be useful in ree lieving the pain, Complications, however, demand much more seri= ous attention, and the physician should be called immediately if there is the slightest indication of such complications,

{

Vditor Journal