Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 February 1937 — Page 20

- Vagabon

FROM INDIANA

ERNIE PYLE

VW ASHINGTON, Feb. 26.—Sir Willmott Lewis, of The London Times, dominates the foreign correspondents’ corps in Washington by his brilliance. Sir Willmott is just around the corner from 60. He left England when he was 23.

More than two-thirds of his adult life has been lived |

{ | | {

in foreign countries. All that time, he has been a newspaperman. It was snowing when I went to Sir Willmott’s home. He had phoned in a great deep voice that he had bronchitis and would have to receive me in his dressing gown.

A colored servant and Sir Willmott's little son Bill met me at the door.

| | | |

I took off my overcoat. |

Young Bill watched me eagerly, |

then suddenly he said: “You better take off your overshoes too, because when Daddy gets started talking he never knows when to stop!” There may young Bill's judgment of his father, but a pertinent question is, “Who wants him to stop?” Nobody that I know of. Sir Willmott Lewis was born to be popular. He is immensely gifted with eloquence, both of mind and of - tongue. Thirty-five years ago he organized and played in amateyr shows in the foreign colony of Shanghai. To this day he is a great actor. Bill Lewis had a good schooling. He studied in England and France and Germany. He went to work on newspapers bacause he had to have a job, and because, as he says, he was under the impression that writing and reporting had something to do with each other. He is still slightly hopeful that he was right. At 23, he went to the Far East. That was in 1899. He covered the Boxer Rebellion, and the Russo-Jap-anese War. He lived in the front lines, amid filth and dead horses and dead men.

Mr. Pyle

be some truth in

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The Indianapolis Times

Second Section

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1937

Fntered as Second-Class Matter Indianapolis,

at Postoffice,

PAGE 19

Ind.

CAPPER OPPOSES COURT PLAN

‘Packing’ Tribunal Not the Solution, Says Kansas Senator

(Third of a Series of Statements) By ARTHUR CAPPER

United States Senator From Kansas HILE I have disagreed with, and have been bitterly disappointed in, several decisions of the U. S. Supreme Court-as to

the constitutionality of laws, enacted by Congress in the public interest, I do not believe the remedy lies in “packing the

court” by the Chief Executive. 1 am 'Opposed to President Roosevelt's proposal to name additional judges through the device of allowing one of these for each justice who has attained the age of T0. i am ‘OpMr. Capper posed to giv-

ing to the President the power to

an influence

1790 1800 1810

1820 1830 1840

1850

How the average age of Justices of the United States Supreme Court has fluctuated since 1789, when the Court was established, is

interestingly shown in the above chart.

491; years in 1789; dropped to the

and is at its highest peak, 72 years, today. (1) Marbury vs. Madison.

indicated by the numerals:

ment of an act of Congress by the Supreme Court. Court denies Congress the power to regulate slavery. (3) Pollock vs. Farmers Loan & Trust Co.

vs. Sandford.

The average age was about lowest point, 47% years in 1810; Explanation of points First annul(2) Dred Scott

Court denies Congress the

1860 1870

1880 1890 1900

1910 1920 1930 1940

Average Age of Supreme Court Justices

1789-1937

| Mr. Peat predicted some time ago. | least idea what provision immortality has for keeping

Our Town

By ANTON SCHERRER

J XCEPT for the death-register of the Werter-Kerk of Amsterdam there isn’t a mention of Rembrandt's death in any contemporary document. The church rece ord, 1 recall, reads: “Tuesday, Oct. 8, 1669;

Rembrandt van Rijn, painter, on the Rooze« graft, opposite the Doolhof. Leaves two children.” And even that date is misleading, because it records the day of Rembrandt's burial, not of his death. I bring up the subject because of a suspicion that maybe Rembrandt didn’t have many people at his funeral—probably not as many as the number of policemen Wilbur Peat will have to engage to guard the four Rembrandt paintings and, of course, the 71 others that go to make up the exhibition of Dutch paintings scheduled for the John Herron Art Institute. By the way, the show starts tomorrow, which is exactly what

Mr. Scherrer

I haven't the

the departed in touch with the world below, but the least it can do, it strikes me, is to let Rembrandt know that the show at the Herron promises to he a much bigger success than his funeral. For, according to Hendrick Willem van Loon, American author, Rembrandt's funeral wasn't much of a success. Author Van Loon starts off his great book, “R. v. R.” (published by Horace Liveright in 1930), with an account of the funeral and it is plaus=ible enough, even if it has a romantic rendering. At any rate, it's a grand piece of writing,

“We buried him yesterday,” says the author as if his great-great-grandfather, Dr. Joannis van Loon, were talking, “and I shall never forget that terrible morning. The empty streets seemed filled with a vague sense of futile uselessness. The small group of mourners stood sileritly by the side of the church

wield that great | upon the decisions of the Supreme Court. If President Roosevelt, no matter what his motives may be, can

Made and Lost Money

E made money, and lost it. He worked all over China, and in Japan, and edited an American paper in Manila. The Orient knew him, save for brief |

» power to levy an income tax. Power conferred by the Sixteenth

Amendment, obtained in 1913. (4) Bailey vs. Drexel Furniture Co. Court denies Congress the power to regulate child labor. Power would be conferred by pending amendment. Sifting various sections of the Presidential proposals for Federal

disappearances to England and America and other

cortinents, for nearly 20 years. His first wife died. He left Manila during the war to cover the Western Front. outstending in his war reporting, and in the peace conferences that followed.

He was, as usual, |

In 1919 he went with The London Times. H® has |

been in Washington nearly 16 years. Eleven years ago he married Ethel Noyes, daughter of Frank B. Noves, president of the Associated Press. back to England at least once every two years, sometimes oftener. : He reads prodigiously. Half a dozen newspapers every day, weekly and monthly magazines, and books —all kinds of books, new and old.

un n

Visited Every State

IR WILLMOTT is familiar with almost any part of the world you can mention.

He gets |

As an example, he |

had been in every state in the Union even before he |

came here to live.

He likes every place he has been. |

“If vou don’t like a place, that's your fault and not the

fault of the country,” he feels.

Sir Willmott travels in Washington's highest so- |

ciety.

And among us folks too, who aren't society at |

all. He is equally at home in both groups, and equally | in demand. He knows most of the great of our times, | here and in other countries, and a great many of them |

look up to him. He dominates.

Mrs.Roosevelt's Day

By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

N ROUTE TO WASHINGTON, Thursday.—I had a novel experience yesterday. Nevertbefore have I been ‘anything but one of the crowd doing honor to some person of note in the literary world and it was an unusual experience to find myself holding the center of the stage for a few minutes in this capacity. The anticipation was so exciting that I went to the wrong building first, and was still feeling somewhat breathless and very much out of place

when 1 met a group of reporters in the offices of |

the Ladies’ Home Journal. Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Gould were kindness itself,

ahd I stayed an unconscionable time at the reception |

and enjoved every minute of it, for so many of those present were people whom I would give a great deal to know really well. The offices in themselves were interesting with their beautfiul outlook and attractive decorations.

As usual, I gravitated to the kitchen and wished I |

had more time for exploration. I could not help being amused, however, by some of the stories which came out of that press conference which preceded the reception. I am constantly impressed by the fact of how hard it is to transmit what you are thinking and feeling to somebody else by words. Their thoughts and feelings so often get in the way of real understanding! The dinner in the evening, which Miss Nancy Cook gave for the workers, new and old, in the women’s division of the Democratic State Committee was also a happy experience. It was interesting to both Mrs. Scheide and me for we started our work together in that office. Many of the guests did not know how the work had originally been organized among the Democratic women of New York State, but to some of us who had been in it for a long time, the changes and growth are what stand out most clearly. I could not realize that it was only 16 vears ago. 1 felt IT must he talking about experiences which had happened to somebody else in another world. When Miss Cook quoted from contemporary paper, some records of speeches made in campaigns in the early days of 1919 and 1920, some of the people around the table could hardly believe them. Perhaps some of the things said today will seem as unbelievable 15 years from now!

New Books

PUBL!C LIBRARY PRESENTS—

VERYONE who would like to do playground work in summer will want to read the handbook, PLAYGROUNDS, THEIR ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATION (Barnes), issued by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, and edited by George D. Butler. Dealing solely with the playground, the subject matter does not include swimming or community houses. Particularly helpful to the potefitial playground worker are the chapters which discuss educational and other qualifications. By means of the thorough knowledge of playground requirements and activities which this book will give them, each would-be worker can judge whether he is fitted for the rather exacting occupation of playground direction. Persons actually in playground work will find complete and authoritative the sections on problems of administration and operation. And they will probably be grateful for suggested programs for all seasons of the year and for all ages of playground patrons.

" " ”

OOKING about them, leaders of Jewish thought have found the unity and soul of Judiasm menaced by persecution and discrimination from without and by indifference and ignorance from within. And as the position of the Jew has become more anomalous in many societies, these leaders have subjected themselves and their faith to searching inner examination. This situation has resulted in many exhortations urging Jews to renew their national consciousness and to identify themselves with Jewish idealism. In THE MESSAGE OF ISRAEL (Bloch), edited by Israel Weisfeld, are collected some 2) of these sermons, written by rabbis orthodox, conservative, and reform. The resulting volume is one not only to “quicken the heart and gladden the soul” of Jewry, but also to reveal to the non-Jewish reader the richness and depth of Jewish consciousness.

wy Eo

add six members to the Court to get the decisions on constitutional questions which he desires, then a succeeding President—if he has the necessary majorities in Congress behind him—ecan add whatever number of justices he finds necessary to get decisions to his liking. That would lead to anarchy in law which wouid compel a dictatorship. I believe in maintaining the integrity of the judiciary, just as I belizve in maintaining the integrity of the legislative and of the executive branches of the Government. I will say frankly I do not believe the Supreme Court has given proper weight to the general welfare clause of the preamble to the Constitution in its interpretation of the Constitution itself. The preamble is the heart and soul of the Constitution, and laws enacted under it, are the means to the ends as set forth in the preamble.

un S an example of what I mean, the minority opinion in the AAA decision took cognizance of the purpose of the Constitution as set forth in the preamble. I have always felt that the minority had the correct views in the decision which invalidated the Agricultural Adjustment Act. Now I am not a lawyer. It may be that we will have to amend the Constitution to give Congress the powers it needs to legislate on economic questions. I will admit

x "

| solved.

' measures of the Roosevelt program

Court reform in the hope of getting quick action on the less drastic of them, the important House Judiciary Committee held long sessions. Here are Reps. U. S. Guyer (R. Kas.), Emanuel Celler (D. N. Y.),

and Chairman Hatton W. Sumners

committee hearing.

(D. Tex.), pictured during the

that this is a slow process. What has happened to the child labor amendment is discouraging to one

who believes that tne Government | owes protection to its people as

well as to people's property. But it seems plain to me that certain problems of agriculture, of labor, of industry, are beyond the power of the individual states to solve. Either the Constitution itself, or the Court interpretations of the Constitution, block the solution of some of these problems. They are problems that must be

” » n CONSTITUTIONAL amendment may be the only way out. But I am willing to study all other plans presented, and try to work out a quicker solution. However, that dees not mean to take any solution that looks like quick action. I am thoroughly convinced that the key to the solution of these problems is not just to give to the President the control of powers exercised, whether wisely or unwisely exercised, by the Supreme Court, I have been, and am now, sympathetic with many of the objectives of the Roosevelt Administration, as my record in the Senate shows. I have supported such

| more

| servient to the will

as I felt to be in the public interest, and will continue to do so. n n UT I am unalferably opposed to this proposal to increase the number of judges. In the in-

ferior courts we do not need 25 judges—whatever may be wrong with the judicial system, it is not a shortage of judges. We

| have plenty, in my judgment.

In short. a Supreme Court subof whoever happens to be the Chief Executive

| is not the answer to the problems

we have to solve. In fact, a Supreme Court subservient to the Executive is the finish of democratic government. (Copyright, 1937, NEA Service, Inc.)

NEXT—The most consistently

urged Court plan.

RETIREMENT BILL 1S NOT LINKED TO COURT PLAN, SULLIVAN SAYS

By MARK SULLIVAN

Times Special Writer

| terpreted as having a relation to) | the President's plan for appointing

that Congress, if left to itself, if | not under pressure from the Presi- |

ASHINGTON, Feb. 26—The | six new justices of the Supreme dent. would never pass the Presi- |

Senate is discussing tirement of Supreme Court justices.

Because the bill has to do with this

| subject, it is going to be misinter-

HOOSIER ENGINEER-BIOLOGIST RAISES GERMLESS GUINEA PIGS

(Copyright, 1937. bv Science Service) OTRE DAME, Feb. 26.—Animals that never have a germ

| in their bodies, from birth to death,

| University,

are being produced at Nofre Dame in the laboratories of Prof. J. A. Reyniers of the biology

department.

This is something really new un-

| a closed horizontal | looks like a small known as the operating cage.

| der the sun: for every animai body |

that walks, from that of man himself down to the lowliest ameba, is

the unwitting, often unwilling host |

to swarms of bacteria and other micro-organisms. Production of

really germ-free

| animals is a matter of very great

| practical

importance. As stand now in all medical and physi-

| ological laboratories, it is impossible [to tell by how much the results of [any critical animal experiment are

changed by the presence of the mil-

| lions of assorted germs it contains.

For this reason, Prof. Reyniers, who was trained as an engineer before he became interested in biology, laid out a project for what he terms “standardization by mechanization” of the experimental animals and their environment. hr Ww Ww HE problem is two-fold: The animals must be brought into the world germ-free, ang they must be kept in a germ-free world once they have been born. - The first step is partly taken care of by the mature of prebirth existence itself. The unborn young of any mammal, wrapped in their fetal membranes, are normally germ-free. During and after the process of birth they receive their first inoculations. Prof. Reyniers therefore takes the

| the side of the cylinder.

air is admitted. | In the final analysis the real use-

” ” » PAIR of long rubber gloves are sealed into two openings in A third,

| glassed opening serves as an ob-

things |

serving window, In this operating cylinder he opens the body of the mother animal by standard cesarean surgery, and removes the young through a connecting tube into a second cylinder, the rearing cage, which is also rigidly sterilized. The germless young are fed on germless food and supplied with germless air and germless water. To test for possible contaminations, an animal from each group is instantaneously killed and its whole body ground to hamburger in a meat-grinder operating under sterile conditions in a third cylinder. Parts of the ground-up guinea pig are transferred to tubes containing a large number of different culture fluids for the encouragement of bacterial growth of any kind that may be present. If no growth occurs, and if microscopic tests are negative, it is considered reasonably well assured that the young animals are really germfree.

N the rearing cage the

animals are kept as long as desired. This

| part of the apparatus is removable,

so that several rearing cages can be used with one operating cage. Experiments may be performed, including the implantation of any selected kind of germs, and results studied umder the uncomplicated conditions insured by the germ-free | state of the animals.

| fulness of this germ-free material | rests in the quantity made availa{le to scientists. A colony of the | various animals and plants bred | through many generations might | well prove a valuable approach to the study of disease.

obsequies of the meat-grinder, the animals in the apparatus are compietely cut off from the great world of bacterial contamination. Prof. Reyniers has used other animals than guinea pigs in some of his experiments, Rabbits, rats, and mice are favorites. Cats were tried, but “they woulq fight, and puncture the rubber gloves with their claws, thus letting in outside air and spoiling the experiment.” Chicks have been used, hatched from eggs with carefully sterilized shells. Insects have been given a few trial runs, Plants have been raised in the cages. Prof. Reyniers has been given the use of & new, specially built half-million-dollar laboratory building on the Notre Dame campus. NOW his ambition is to fill it with whole | batteries of his exceedingly compli cated and rather costly cylinders. and really get down to work.

Eo mm ro Eo oi

Shown here is a ‘small ‘model ‘of the apparatus for

raising germ-free experimental animals. ‘cance to biology is so great that Prof. J, C. Reyniers

signifi-

—Science Service Photo.

has just taken over a new $500,000 building on the Notre Dame campus, :

this | week a bill having to do with re-

Thus from birth to death and the |

Court.

| For the sake of clarify it is most | necessary that the public should

| ( understand that there is no rela- | - | : WE preted. It is going to be misin- | tion whatever betwzen the bill now

| under discussion by the Senate, and | the President's plan. The two are | as different as voluntary is differ- | ent from compulsory, and that is about all the difference in the world. Nevertheless, later on, this coincidence in time is going to have a material effect on the course of events. After the bill now in the Senate has been enacted, as it probakly will be, the President's proposal will have a different status and will look different to the | country. | A good way to achieve clarity is | | to tell briefly the history of the bill | | now in the Senate. For many years, | | ever since 1869, there has been al | law providing that if a Supreme | | Court justice is over 70 and has | | served 10 years, he can resign and | | receive full pay for life. Under this law, the late Justice | Oliver Wendell Holmes resigned in 1932, and for a time received full pay, which was $20,000 a year. In ! 1933, however, Congress passed the | emergency “Economy Act” which provides that no pension should be over $10,000 a year. Justice Holmes’ pension was thereupon reduced to that amount, so long as the Economy Act was in force. » » » I: was felt that this should not be, that a justice who resigns expecting full pay should not later find his pension reduced to half. It was felt that justices (over 70 and having served 10 years) who leave the bench should be guaranteed full pay for life, without risk of having the amount reduced by some future Congress. To achieve this, a bill was very carefully written. It is the! same bill that is now in the Senate. It was first introduced about two years ago. When the kill was before Congress {wo years ago it was defeated (on March 6, 1935). It was defeated, to some extent, by a sense of delicacy —possibly unnecessary delicacy-—on the part of members of Congress. It was defeated because many members felt that the passage of such an act might be construed as a kind of hint to certain elderly justices that they should retire. This argument against the bill did not appear in the debates; but it was spoken of quietly among members and it was strong enough to defeat the measure. The argument was, as Republican Congressman Michener says, ‘“whispered”’—the word whisper being used not in an odious sense, but in the sense of practicing quiet delicacy. (Observe, by the way, that Congress two years ago was unwilling to do quietly, by hint, what President Roosevelt today publicly de- | mands shall be done by coercion.

dent's proposal?) ” » ” LTHOUGH the bill giving justices the privilege of volun- | tarily retiring at full pay was de- | feated two vears ago, it was rein- | troduced early in the present Congress. It was reintroduced in’'complete good faith, in the conviction | that it was a good thing to do. It was reintroduced wholly without regard to the President's proposal, and weeks before the Presi- | dent made his proposal. It was | reintroduced by the Chairman of | the Judiciary Committee, Mr. Sum- | ners of Texas, a Congressman high- | ly respected by his fellow-members | and utterly free from suspicion of | deviousness. The bill was sent to the House Committee on Judiciary, It was in | that committee, following the nor- | mal routing, when, on Feb. 5, the

President made his sensational pro- |

posal for what amounted to compulsory retirement of justices over 70. Because of the coincidence, the voluntary Retirement Bill fell under suspicion. The suspicion was unfounded. Of the voluntary bill, it is frue to say, in the words of Congressman Celler of New York, that it is “simply an optional retirement bill; there is no coercion; there is no compulsion about it; there is no attempt to bludgeon or blackjack the judges into retirement; they can take it or leave it; there is no

hidden trick in this bill; we have employed no hidden strategy, it is a clear-cut measure; there is no | deliberate attempt to put over anything.” : »® | HE voluntary Retirement Bill | was passed by the House Feb. | 10, is now before the Senate, and | presumably will pass and become | law, I have emphasized that this bill | for voluntary retirement has no | faintest relation to the President's proposal for what amounts to compulsory retirement. It has no relation except merely that of coincidence in time, Yet just because of this coincidence in time, the passage of the bill mow pending will have a marked effect—upon the President's proposal and in all respects. The President's proposal will take on a new status, not now foreseen. And the arguments for and against the President's proposal will be modifled in a way not now foreseen. Among other effects, friends of the President's proposal will say that because some justices can voluntarily retire with full pay, therefore they ought to retire, It will be said that if they don’t retire voluntarily, therefore the President's measure for what amounts to compulsion should be passed. These arguments will be specious,

» u

From this, can there be any doubt

ile Wlney Will We iticin,

door, waiting for the coffin to arrive.

un n un

Deathbed Wish

EMBRANDT had died on the Friday before (Oct. 4), and a few hours before his death had whis« pered a wish that he might rést next to Saskia, his first wife. In his delirium he had forgotten, of course, that he had sold her grave long ago to buy one for Hendrick je, his second wife. Dr. Van Loon promised to do his best, so runs the

| tale, and was glad he told the lie, for “he went to his

last sleep convinced that soon all would be well and

| that his dust would mingle with that of the woman | he loved in the days of his youth.”

The reason for Rembrandt's pathetic end can be

| traced, of course, to the period of 1654-58, when the | painter was stripped of all the property he had ace

cumulated in the historic house in Breestraat.

n n ”

Kind of Tramp

OR the rest of his life he was a kind of tramp, shifting his lodgings with uncomfortable frequency, carrying with him nothing but the materials of his art and some little wreckage from his collections which seemed to have been saved we know not how. The fact that he was a tramp may have been one reason why so few people came to his funeral. Author Van Loon advances another reason, however, and fantastic as it seems, it is just reasonable enough to believe. For, according to Van Loon, most of the people who might have attended Rembrandt's funeral stayed away because they thought an imposter was buried that day. Apparently a rumor had spread through Amsterdam that the real Rembrandt had died in Hull, England, five years before, where he had gone to escape his creditors.

A Woman's View By MRS. WALTER FERGUSON

Wy SAT may be said about the advantage or the disadvantage of women in business and the professions, the general feminine character is being improved by the experience. If we retain our natural qualities—and 1 see no evidence that they are being lost—and at the same time acquire some of the better masculine traits, I think we shall develop into really valuable members of society. For this much is undoubtedly true. The businesse woman is more dependable than the home woman, She doesn't promise to perform a service, whether it be a personal matter or a trifling club obligation, unless she expects to keep her word. Thousands of housewives, I regret to say, have no such sense of honor, Our organizations are crammed with mothers who are utterly unreasonable in this ree spect. They are glib with promises they never keep. The businesswoman, trained in the give and take of her world, is usually more just in her dealings with others than is the housewife, who rules her home as an autocrat. The working girl learns early to hold her tongue and is not given to malicious gossip, because she soon understands how hard a thing it is to resist tempta= tion and how bitterly men and women have to struggle to get along at all. We could use a great deal more of the business and professional virtues in the home. There is the sense of honor ahout money, for instance; the feeling that one must give something for favors received, which the sheltered wife so often lacks entirely. Having never earned money of her own, and being accustomed to wheedle extra dollars out of a compliant husband, sha isn't a. good credit risk since she doesn’t feel obliged to pay her debts. It seems unlikely to me that women cursed with these faults will ever be able to bring up dependable chiidren., From all evidence, the modern businesswoman would make twice as good a mother as the overpraised domestic paragon.

Your Health

By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN

Editor, American Medical Assn. Journal N the prevention of measles perhaps the most ime portant step is to prevent little children from coms ing in contact with a person who has the disease. Experience shows that few victims die of measles if they are given good care. It is important, there« fore, to see that the child with measles is nursed prop= erly and also that it does not come in contact with anyone likely to spread pneumonia, sore throat, scare let fever, tuberculosis, or secondary infection. To prevent other chiidren in the home from catch= ing nieasles, the sick child should be kept in a room entirely to himself. In families where there are several children, and practically always in orphan asylums, nursing homes, and similar institutions, convalescent serum sometimes may he used to prevent measles in children who have been exposed and who have not had the disease. The blood is drawn from a healthy person who has recovered from measles, two or three weeks after his recovery. The fluid matter is separated from the blood, and it is then injected in small amounts into the muscles of those who are to be protected. It is believed that the serum will ward off the disease if given early enough. Some investigators noted that most newborn babies are particularly resistant to severe infectious disease, including measles. They thought, therefore, that possibly newborn in fants get directly from their mothers’ blood somes thing which give them resistance to this disease. They made an extract of the tissue by which the infant is attached to the mother before birth, and found that this extract, when injected into an infant, consider= ably increased its resistance to measles, In fact, they also found that this extract, when injected into the body of an infant with measles, will lessen IS, evenly of the attack.