Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 January 1937 — Page 9
ot Vagabond
3
SE a
m—,
-
a amet
a
rm Tg
AS
ae
-
-
-
>
"80 acres.
“icies.
_ self to do his small part in "and perfect. wi x is vy
FROM INDIANA
ERNIE PYLE
(COASEING DOWN THE COAST, Jan. 13.—In suburban Los Angeles 1 have a friend who teaches school. Many of her pupils are Mexicans. Some are very smart, and some very mean. And some of them
are very funny without knowing it. Her pupils are all poets at heart, and she has one especially gifted rhymester named Narcisso Portillo. The name alone practically drives my friend into stitches, but Narcisso’s poems are even better. Here's one he turned in the other day:
“TI know a man who is in the Navy, “He has a daughter who has a baby, “And all they feed it is brown bread and gravy.” ” 2 ” Gadding about the country as I do, my fine New England sensibilities are continually outraged by the great American yen to carve, paint, * whittle, write or scratch your name, address and the date on anything available at every national sight- } seeing place. final curse upon American taste seems to e been perpetrated at the lovely old San Juan Capistrano mission, half way between Los
-Angeles and San Diego.
This mission was built in 1776. . In the main garden is an old, old cactus plant, of the prickly pear type, grown quite tall and with large thick fronds, smooth and green. "The sun was so bright that I didn’t notice at first, but when I looked closely there they were, covering the leaves like worms—hundreds and hundreds of names, scratched into the green skin with knives or pins. ” ” s
Best Hollywood Story
i has just occurred to me that I forgot to tell the best story I ran onto in Hollywood. The M-G-M studios. in Culver City cover nearly The far end of the lot is open land, planted in shrubbery, for shooting outside scenes in “France” or “Ireland” or any foreign place. Just across the street, but hidden by a row of trees, are private resi-
dences. Well, after the talkies came in, the movie people discovered that every time they'd blow the whistle for silence, there would always be noise coming over from this row of houses—hammering, and sawing of hoards, and phonographs playing. It was driving the movie people crazy, because that hammering spoiled every scene they took. They sent emissaries to ask the people to stop, but the people said they had work to do and couldn’t stop. So one day after the whistle was blown the director sneaked around behind the trees, and here was a guy just standing there pounding aimlessly on the side of
his house. ” ” ”
Great Man Himself Went
S a last resort the great man himself went to plead with the people—I believe it was Louis B. Mayer. “Mayer? Mayer? “These are our houses. we please.” So do you know wiab happened? Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer put every person in that row of houses on the payroll. Some of them actually have roustabout jobs in the studios, but all the rest—wives, sons, daughters, babies—all are on the payroll at $5 a day just not to make noise.
Never heard of you,” they said. We'll make as much noise as
“Mrs.Roosevelt's Day
7 By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
SHINGTON, Tuesday.—At the second of two teas yesterday afternoon, the couple who came ‘through last paused a minute and the lady said: “Wouldn't it be very pleasant, Mrs. Roosevelt, to have a day without any hours in which you had to do prearranged things” At the moment I was thinking ‘of how grateful I was that I had shaken hands with about 500-odd peo-
~ ple and really didn’t feel very tired, but the question
started me thinking. Of course, we all of us want days when we can wake up in the morning and say: “I can do just as I like this whole day through.” There are, however, comparatively few people in the world who have the chance to do this, except for short snatches of time, part of a day here and there. Men have been able to do it more often than wom-
- en hecause when they cast off business cares they may
pefhaps also cast off family cares. But women, many of them at least, when they have families dependent upon them, whether they are the daughters or the “mothers, can very rarely lay aside their business cares and not be confronted with a constant succession of adjustments to the wants and pleasures of others. So, as so many of us seem to worry through life, at least a great many years of it, without having many of these “do as we please” days, perhaps the lesson to learn from it is that you would really miss not having the responsibilities! That having them you can look with longing at the days of freedom, and if you get one now and then, you enjoy it because of its contrast, for without contrast it would really have no value. I think all of us were grieved and shocked this morning to find that human beings can sink so low as the kidnaper of the little Mattson boy. To tteat a child so cruelly is inconceivable, even if it is done because of panic and fear. One hates-to acknowledge that human nature, no matter what it has gone through, can be so degenerate that it does not even respond to the helplessness of a child. There is nothing that can ever be done to alleviate the suffering of the parents when children are taken away from them in this cruel way, but something can and should be done to wipe this crime out of our country, and I hope the agents of justice will be given full co-operation in every possible way.
New Books
PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS—
RANCE is said to be ruled by 200 families, but the United States by three—the Morgans, the Rockefellers and the Mellons.” Anna Rochester in her RULERS OF AMERICA: A
. STUDY OF FINANCE CAPITAL (International Pub-
lishers) shows how these three dominant - families, plus a few other financiers, form, by means of a complex system of interlocking directorates, a financial industrial oligarchy which controls our economic life through the control and manipulation of capital; which stimulates imperialism in the field of foreign affairs, and which influences even governmental polThe author gives a Marxian interpretation to her analysis, asserting such evils to be inherent in the capitalist system and, in her opinion, to be eliminated only by the organized power of the workers. The book is well documented; it was sponsored by the Labor Research Association and is a Book Union selectio ”n » 2 N “The Native’s Return,” Louis Adamic wrote of peasant life in contemporary Jugoslavia. Now comes a novel, CRADLE OF LIFE (Harper), with the same background, but, placed in the period of the Austrian Empire. The illegitimate son of Crown Prince Rudolph of Austria, young Rudek was cared for during the first 10 years of his life by Dora, the earthy, vital, Croatian peasant. Discovered then by his maternal - grandfather, he was given an estate and for the next 15 years lived as a young noble. Yet in the midst of love and luxury, Rudek ex-
" perienced a growing nostalgia for the healthy peasant
Dora, for her untrammeled emotions and sturdy vitality. In her and what she represented he grew to recognize the cradle of life. And with a growing awareness of the injustices suffered by the peasants, he, returning at last to Dora and the young Zorka, set him-
Shi ged
The Indianapolis
Imes
Second Section
A
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 18, 1937
Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoffice, Indianapolis, Ind.
PAGE 9]
<¢
ih HE NAME IS LEWIS—J OHN L. i Early Hordslins Shaped Career of F amed Leader of Mine Workers
Mr. Lewis when he first became known to the public as wartime vice president of the United Mine Workers. :
(Second of a Series)
By WILLIS THORNTON NEA Service Staff Correspondent
HEN the mine owners of Lucas County, Iowa, back in 1882, blacklisted a striking coal miner who was known as an ardent member of the Knights of Labor, they did more than
they knew. They did not know that Thomas Lewis, the Welsh miner, had a baby son 2 years old. And they did not know that all the early years of that son, John Llewellyn Lewis, were to be lived against a background of hardship because the breadwinner was barred from his regular occupation. The Lewises, both father and mother, were immigrant Welsh from coal-mining families. Settling in Lucas County, Thomas learned English rapidly and held a steady job until the ‘Screen Strike” of 1882. Known as a Knight of Labor and one of the strike enthusiasts, he was blacklisted and, when the strike was over, no operator in the county would give him a job. The family drifted to several other towns, Thomas getting what work he could as a night watchman, and even, in Des Moines, as a policeman. It was 15 years later that the blacklists were torn up, and Tom Lewis was able to return to Lucas County, Ia., and the old job. John L., a strapping, red-headed
through the West, {| metal mines of Colorado and Mon-
Soon after, at a time when, still an age under 40 years, he was running the country’s big coal strike in 1919.
youth of 17, went down into the mines with his father. The years of hardship had left their mark. Already, though his schooling had ended with the seventh grade, John was a serious iad, reading continually, taking part in a debating society, managing a baseball team. 2 ” 2
HEN, for five years or so, the younger Lewis wandered working in
tana. He was working in a Wyoming pit when a nearby disaster killed 400 miners. Impressions of the callous conditions of mining in those days were piling up all through what Mr. Lewis now calls “my years of irresponsibility.” He is reticent about those years. In 1906 he returned to Lucas, and married the girl he had never forgotten through the years of wandering. She was Myrta Edith Bell, schoolteacher. and daughter of a doctor whose family was American since before the Revolution. As young folks together in the debating societies and parties, she and Mr. Lewi$ had been comrades, and the slender young schoolteacher often lent books, suggested reading, and generally helped the education of the ambitious young miner. When he was 26, the Lucas local chose John Lewis as delegate to the United Mine Workers’ convention. From that time he was marked as a labor leader. His course upward through leadership of the Panama, Ill., local to lobbyist. at the State Legislature and then appointment as field repre-
Constant strife is leaving its marks. launched in a tempestuous presidency of the biggest union.
sentative of the A. FP. of L. by President Sam | Gompers was the standard career in unionism. In 1913, Mr. Lewis was one of
those who tried to organize the steel industry under the A. F. of L. His present drive on steel through the C. I. O. is not in territory entirely strange to him. He aided in organization moves at Akron in the rubber industry, and helped run the Calumet copper strike.
” 2 2
S chief statistician of the U. M. W,, and its representative in various negotiations and hearings on the industry, Mr. Lewis was building up his immense knowledge of the coal industry which .today makes him probably the best-informed man in the country on the subject. But he was also “building his fences” within the union, and it was a tribute to his oratory, personal vitality, and record that he was elected vice president of the union in 1918. Frank J. Hayes, president, was ill and ineffective, and Mr. Lewis became practically the head of the union. Mr. Hayes is now the Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, still a U. M. W. member and loyal to Mr. Lewis. When the World War started, America for the first time became conscious of John I. Lewis. Coal was a necessity for the war, and the man who controlled coal was important. Mr. Lewis impressed Government officials with his knowledge of the coal industry and of the allied transportation problem. But it was after the war, in the autumn of 1919, that. the
WORLD TRADE REVIVAL KEY TO WORLD PEACE, SURVEY CLAIMS
EVIVAL of world trade is the key to world peace and a return to prosperity, said an economic survey report released in this territory today by Dr. E. J. Unruh, Indianapolis, director of the Midwest Council on International Relations. The report, prepared by the Joint Committee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and International Chamber of Commerce, “indicates the need of an international economic reconstruction for the improvement of world trade and toward greater progress toward prosperity,” said Dr. Unruh.
2 2 =
ECOMMENDATIONS of ihe committee were: Removal of trade barriers: 1, The conclusion of multilateral agreements, open to “all comers” stimulating international trade;
2. Pending the development of a situation favorable to such negotiations, the conclusions of bilateral treaties consciously used as an instrument for the demobilization of trade barriers; 3. The deliberate inclusion in all such treaties of the most-favored-nation clause as a means to realize that purpose; 4, The general use of the most-favored-nation clause in its unccnditional form with a possible exception in the case of countries which, even after the restoration of more orderly currency conditions, would continue to practice discriminatory quotas or foreign exchange regulation; 5. The establishment of an international center which shall compile indices for measuring the comparative incidence of protection in the various countries, in order to encourage the reduction of excessive barriers to trade;
Dr. E. J. Unruh
6. The abolition, preferably by multilateral agreement, of import quotas as soon as the way to a definite recovery of world trade has been paved by appropriate monetary and other measures; 7. An acceleration of this process by the substitution of “tariff” quotas for “import” quotas during a transitory period; 8. An orientation of commercial policy toward a limitation of the use of import quotas to purposes of temporary expediency, thus facilitating the establishment of a timelimit for their removal; 9. The application to the quota
system of a “fair play code” as laid down by the International Chamber of Commerce;
10. The conelusion of regional and restricted collective pacts as long as the purpose and results thereof are the increase of tirade and the appeasement of nations. 2 = 2 . ONETARY Policy and Currency Stabilization. 11. The progressive establishment of the correct relation of national currencies which no longer represent a fair parity, taking into account the position of balance of payments, relative costs and prices and the domestic debt structure; such an adjustment should be encouraged by an assurance given by countries in a financially strong position to countries contemplating devaluation, that this procedure would coincide with a stabilization of currencies, or serious endeavors to this end; 12. A joint declaration on monetary policy by the leading world powers covering the following points: The avoidance of currency depreciation as an instrument of international trade competition; The preservation and extension of the existing stability of rates except as necessitated by adjustment of fair parities: The elimination of seasonal variations in the value of currencies; Recognition of the desirability for a transition to a more permanent regime without undue delay; 13. The progressive abolition of exchange and clearing regimes, in the measure that it has been possible to solve the problems of international indebtedness, to resume international lending, and to restrain uncontrolled flights of capital (e. g. by standstill agreements).
Reporters 12 Busiest Men in Capital
By RUTH FINNEY Times Special Writer
ASHINGTON, Jan. 13.—From now until summer the 12 busiest men in Washington will not be members of the Cabinet or Congress. They will be the 12 official reporters responsible for getting down on paper all the pearls of wisdom and imagery that flow from the mouths of the Congressmen. Six of them work in the House, six in the Senate.
From the time each House convenes, at noon, until adjournment late in the afternoon or night one of them will be on each floor, the
others will be dictating debate al-
minute shifts; in the Senate, minutes. House reporters usually have a harder time of it. The membership is more than four times as large as the Senate's, and the reporter must know each man, to be sure
he is attributing the words to the right person. must work standing up in order to hear everything that is said, drifting from right to left of the center aisle as the debate shifts, ” »” 8
AT THE end of each 10 or 15minute turn on the floor {he reporter reads his notes into a dictaphone. Sometimes he then types
15
‘man
The reporter often|
nen and women, but the Senate gives its reporters only one assistant. Even when the debate has been transferred from notebooks to typewritten manuscript the task of making the official record is not complete. Often the reporters have to doctor up a line or two to make it grammétical. Sometimes they must correct an inaccurate quotation. When
this is done a copy of each member's |
temarks must go to the member for | approval.
All this has to be done fast. For |]
the Congressional Record goes 1G press every night, and. a contain
them himself, sometime = s it." The House employs |all deat
Mr. Lewis in 1922 is well
- o f— Mr. Lewis, his scowl { xed by 1925, sees his union real h new tops scrape bottom, ani come back again, all in a deca e.
miners demanded a 60 par cent wage increase, the six-h¢ur day, and the five-day week. I!iegotiations failing, a strike wa: called of 400,000 miners in 25 siates. President Wilson from his sick bed proclaimed the striie “not only unjustifiable, but tinlawful . rong both morally and legally . - .” and assured! ‘hat the national power would be sed “to protect the national infijrest in any emergency . . .” Mr. Lewis’ reply was #2 bitter attack on Wilson's statement as “fiercely partisan” ‘and ‘ihe climax. of a long series of atiempted usurpations of the ¢itecutive power.” ay ” 2 2 B%E Mr. Lewis and Green, then secretal urer of the miners, were under the Lever Act, a ijar-time measure aimed against c¢inspiracies to limit production ¢{ necessities. Chief lawyer for tiie U. M. W. was Charles Evans Hug hes, the present Chief Justice, w io contended that the Lever # void and unconstitutional The whole world was ihort of coal on Nov. 1, 1919, wher Lewis “pulled the miners.” TI: pinch was felt almost immidiately. Stores shortened houri, mills closed. People. were un:omfortable in homes and office; Many states called ou! troops, schools closed or shortene¢il hours. A Federal Court in [Indiana issued an injunction ingiructing Mr. Lewis to cancel hig general strike order. On Nov. 11 after a 20-hour session with othé¢r union heads, he issued his famoiis state-
William 7-treas-‘ndicted
Sullivan Sees
ct was
Today, at 56, he sels a greater goal, seeks to organize millions in mass-production industries never organized before.
ment, “Gentlemen, we will obey the mandate of the court. We do so under protest. We are Ameri-
cans. We cannot fight our Gov-.
ernment.” The strike was officially off, but getting the men back into the pits was another matter. The more radical and militant leaders refused to obey, and the strike dragged along with varying degrees of effectiveness until early December, by which time people were growing more bitter -as their coal bins grew emptier.
cn » 2
N Dec. 7 the strike was finally and effectively called off, after promise of an immediate 14 per cent raise in wages, and a commission to investigate the mine situation and recommend final settlement. Presi agi Wilson publicly congratulated” Mr. Lewis as a man of honor and patriotism. Mr. Lewis ‘then had to defend his settlement before the .conven= tion of the U. M. W. on Dec. 20. Against a bitter and noisy minority of radicals who raised the usual cry of “sell-out,” the Lewis oratory and power prevailed. Set= tlement was ratified, and as a result of the commission's findings, the miners got a 21 per cent raise in pay, the greatest they had ever received up to that time. After this, Mr. Lewis’ election as president of the U. M. W. in 1920 was foreordained. He has held the job ever since.
NEXT—Ten years of turmoil in which Mr. Lewis and his union have their ups and downs,
Intimidation
In March on Washington
Ei MARK ASHINGTON, Jan. 3. — On Friday will take place a “march on Washington” !iy an organization called the “Wa kers’ Alliance of America.” The Workers’ Alliance purports to be ms: de up of, and to represent, workers: on Government WPA relief proje:ts. Plans for the march on Washin (ton were announced last. week by th: national president of the body, 1ir. David Lasser. According to acco ints emanating from a press ¢anference which Mr. Lasser helc¢, several thousand men from all parts of the
country will arrive in Washington
by train, bus, trucks and at ‘omobiles. They will parade to Capitc! Hill and will there divide into gro ips which will go to the offices of m mbers of Congress to apply what ir. Lasser calls “mass pressure.” The » demand is for an increase in th: amount which Mr. Roosevelt ha: proposed for relief until July 1, $50,000,000. Mr. Lasser is quoted as saying “we cannot accept the propo:il of the President as adequate.” Ir. Lasser speaking for the Workers Alliance, demands $1,040,000,000. Probably the public read; this sort of thing about many so-called “movements,” without inquiring closely just what the orga: ization is, what went on. behind it. what occurred preceding the occajion when the movement emerges pu; Hicly. The one certain thing is that next Priday’s “march on Washingin” is not: spontaneous. It is going to exert “mass pressure,” but it is ot spontaneous mass action. In the présent case, obv ously it is not going to occur to man; different persons in Chicago to ta:e a train for Washington on the :ame day that the same impulse oc¢iirs to several other different persciis in several other cities distant irom each other. One wonders who rst thinks of the idea and then brinis it about. Since the cost of railroad fare from Chicago or more distant’ cities to
| Washington is a conside¢ ‘able item
for a person on relief, oi 2. wonders how the movement is fine iced. » EJ ” LWAYS, behing ever: ‘such enterprise, there is an individual. Always these movement: however co-operative or collectivis| they may purport to be, follow iil actuality the individualist pattern of society. Always there is an jinciividual as criginator, promoter .or ‘head. Us-
ually the headship satisfic;; some de- |
sire of the person who rings the thing about. Sometimes ihe motive
SULLIVAN rational convention held that elected him, if that is the way it was done? What inspires Mr. Lasser— what is his motive and his objective? One may not approve the march of WPA workers on Washington— one may regard it as an act coercive of Government and threatening to
civil peace... One may not approve the demands made in thé name of WPA workers, which, if granted, will postpone indefinitely the balancing of the budget and may bring ar inflation. One may not approve that, yet even those who dislike it most must concede that the whole phenomenon follows along the familar lines of a free society offering the maximum of liberty and opportunity to the individual.
# bd 2
yf Germany under Hitler, or Italy under Mussolini, there could occur no such manifestation. Before a march could get started on Berlin or Rome the leaders would find themselves in chains or facing a firing squad. The marches would end, violently, before ever they got started.
In a democracy such as ours, in which the aspiration is, or should be, to give the greatest possible freedom to the individual, changing conditions bring new opporiunities for leadership. This is 'true of every field of activity, business, professional careers, politics. Alert and ambitious persons see the opportunities, grasp them, and thereupon, if they have the ®quipment for the role, are able to function as leaders. But just as our democracy permits such demonstrations as next Friday’s march, so should the informed public opinion of a democracy have its own notions about the merit of what the marchers demand and-its own opinion about, the merit of the methods. “Mass pressure” on Congress can .come dangerously close to intimidation. ‘When the soldier bonus marchers were moving mutteringly below the Senate windows, Senators; including Mr. Borak, voted on the merit of ‘the demand but against their demand not solely mainly as a rebuke. to: what they regarded as attempted intimiddtion.
Our Town
By ANTON SCHERRER
HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH, who ran the Youth’s Companion when I was a little boy, did as much as anybody to set us kids straight in matters of deportment and decorum. It’s another reason why readers
of the Youth's Companion turned out to be better men and women than subscribers to St.
Nicholas. As early as 1881, for instance, Mr, Buterwory
had Mrs. H. O. Ward running a department devoted to deportment which, when you came to think of it, had Emily Post beat more than 50 years.. Mrs. Ward did her job as well as Mrs. Post—even better, I think, because I can’t remember the time that anybody snickered when Mrs. Ward issued her edicts. Which, of course, is more than you can say for Mrs. Post. Mrs. Ward was especially good : when it came to telling us kids what : to do at the dinner table. Most of Mr. Scherrer it made sense, I remember. I don’t think I'll ever forget the time Mrs, Ward advised us to start eating as soon as we were served. “The custom of waiting is obsolete,” she said. She had another in the same issue that cautioned us not to drink from our saucers, It was a little harder to understand. Mrs. Ward also contributed something worthwhile to the problem of napkins, especially what to do with them after we had finished our meals. She supported the theory entertained by my parents, I remember, and ruled that napkins should be neatly folded when leaving the table. Mrs. Ward had a hard time putting this one over because there was considerable controversy concerning the subject at the time.
® nn Nye Didn't Agree
ILL NYE, I recall, didn’t agree with Mrs. Ward at all. “The law of the napkin is vaguely unders stood,” said Mr. Nye. “It is poor taste to put it mn your pocket and carry it away. The rule of etiquet is becoming more and more thoroughly established that napkins should be left at the house of the hostess. It should be left beside the plate where it may be easily found by the hostess and returned to the neighbor from whom she borrowed it for the occasion. If, however, the lady of the house is not doing ‘her own work, the napkin may be carefully jammed into a globular wad and fired under the table to convey the idea of pampered abandon.” We kids went into a huddle when we read Mp Nye's views on the subject and finally decided t maybe he was poking fun at Mrs. Ward. It was t only time anybody dared to be funny with Mrs. Ward, Mr. Butterworth, of course, maintained the dignity of his position and compietely ignored Mr. Nye.
. » s
Advice for Girls, Too
RS. WARD also had a lot of advice for little girls although, as I have pointed out once be . fore, I never knew a girl who read the Youth's Companion, unless, of course, it was Miss Carolyn Strange Thompson who, I understand, read everye ‘thing when she was a youngster, Anyway, I guess Mrs. Ward had her eyes peeled on little girls when she said: “Gloves and mittens are no longer worn at table, even at the largest dinner parties.
A Woman's View
By MRS. WALTER- FERGUSON
ROBABLY there is no stupidity so profound as the stupidity of men about women. For that reason it is an event to find a husband who, having made an honest effort to analyze his wife’s tempera= ment, arranges .a satisfactory future for her. Here is the story in his own words: ! “Our two sons are in college. My wife, although not an intellectual woman, possesses a good brain and a great deal of physical energy. One day I woke up to the fact that she was wasting both in the ° narrow routine of social affairs. She was distracted, nervous, and suffered from an ever-increasing unrest. “Suddenly I had a clarifying vision of what her future would be, if this were continued: Would the money I was trying so hard to save really make her happy after I was gone? Wouldn't it be better if I used some of it to teach her [to stand on her own feet, to utilize her energies to a purpose? In another 10 years what would she be like? I knew. An idle, unhappy, perhaps a neurotic woman, striving to fill empty days with inanities. “Then -and there I made a to take my wife into business with me. Fortunately, although it is a modest one, my trade offers her the chance to keep books and to help with customers. “At first, the idea of giving tip her bridge luncheons and her club meetings was disturbing, but I pretended I needed her and in four months she is another person. Interested, vital, filled with plans for the future, she is like a bride again, and we are tasting the happiness of our early married years. “If I should die. the sum| I leave her will be small. But it will be enough, (for I am leaving her so much more than money: Work to do. And the longer I live, the more men am that work is the
resolution. I resolved
most important thing for men and women alike.” Well, I almost wept for joy to hear him. Here, at last, a common business man with no intellectual pretensions voices a wisdom worthy of the sages. And out of what simple deductions such wisdom comes! For we have one human being forgetting sex and looking squarely at another human being. That's all it takes for men to understand women.
Your Health
By DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN
Editor, American Medical Assn. Journal
E contrast to the condition which develops when “there is an excessive number of red blood cells are these forms of disease in which the number of such cells, and the amount of red coloring matter in the blood, are greatly reduced. There are, of course, various causes of anemias. A person may lose large amounts of blood because of a severe hemorrhage as ‘a result of which there is lese sened ability of the blood to carry oxygen. There are disease conditions which attack the blood-forming organs, so that there is faulty produce tion of blood; and there also are instances, because of poisoning, infection, or some similat factor, in which the red blood cells are destroyed too rapidly. It should be realized that formation and destruce tion of red blood cells goes on constantly in the hu< man body. It has been estimated that from one-tent} to one-fifteenth of the total number of red cells are destroyed each day and that others are formed to fake thet pisces. In developing his red blood cells, the human being seems to require iron, copper, certain glandular substances which are apparently available in the liver, 130m vitamins, and Some material from the thyroid glan A severe deficiency o or absence of any one of thess elements will mean a disturbance in formation of red ‘blood cells, and thereby may lead to anemia. Most people are so sensitive to the sight of blood or to the feeling of a hemorrhage, that the loss of blood usually is accompanied by psychic or mental ~ symptoms, such as shock. The loss -of any small _ amount of blood causes some people to faint promptly, ‘ - and develop restlessness, cold sweat, pallor and thirst, norrh occurs, the first step necessary the’ develop ment of anemia is to stop the next, event shock, -by applying warmth siderable amounts of fluid. Transe s is used as an emergency
lu Sheila. 10 tine sone blood, such