Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 January 1937 — Page 5

TUESDAY, JAN. 12, 1037

\ THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Text of Message to Congress

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By Uni‘=d Press WASHINGTON, Jan. 12.— The text of President Roosevelt’s message to Congress submitting the report of his Committee on Government reorganization follows:

To the Congress of the United States: I address this message to the Congress as oné who has had experience as a legislator, as a subordinate in an executive department, as the Chief Executive of a state and as one on whom, as President, the constitutional responsibility for the whole of the executive branch of the Government has lain for four years. Now that we are out of the trough of the depression, the time has come to set our house in order. The administrative management of the Government needs overhauling. We are confronted not alone by new activities some of them temporary in character, but also by the growth of the nation over more than a generation. Except for the enactment of the budget and accounting act of 1921, no extensive change in management has occurred since 1913, when the Department of Labor was established. The executive structure of the Government is sadly out of date. I am not the first President to report to the Congress that antiquated machinery stands in the way of effective administration and of adequate control by the Congress. Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, Woodrow Wilson and Herbert Hoover made repeatedly but not wholly successful efforts to deal with the problem.

OPPORTUNITY FOR ACTION

Committees of the Congress also have rendered distinguished service to the Nation through their efforts from time to time to point the way to improvement of governmental management and organization. The opportunity and the need for action now comes to you and to me. If we have faith in our republican form of Government, and in the ideals upon which it has rested for 150 years, we must devote ourselves energetically and courageously to the task of making that Government efficient. The great stake in efficient democracy is the stake of the common man. In these troubled years of world history, a self-government cannot long survive unless that government is an effective and efficient agency to serve mankind and carry out the will of the Nation. A government without good management is a house builded on saind. In striving together to make our Government more efficient, you and I are taking up in our generation the battle to preserve that freedom of self-government which our forefathers fought to establish and hand down to us. They struggled against tyranny, against nonrepresentative controls, ' against government by birth, wealth or class, against sectionalism. Our struggle now is against confusion, against ineffectiveness, against waste, against inefficiency. This battle, too, must be won, unless it is to be said that in our generation national self-gov-ernment broke down and .was frittered away in bad management. Will it be said “democracy was a great dream, but it could not do the job?” Or shall we here and now, without further delay, make it our business to see that our American democracy is made efficient so that it will do the job that is required of it by the events of our time? I know your answer, and the answer of tHe Nation, because, after all, we are a practical people. We know good management in the home, on the farm, and in business, big and little. If any nation can find the way to effective government it+should be the American people through their own democratic institutions. Over a year ago it seemed to me that this problem of administrative management of the executive branch of the Government should be a major order of business of this session of the Congress. Accordingly, after extended discussions, and regotiations, I appointed a Committee on Administrative Management, to examine the whole problem broadly and to suggest for my guidance and your consideration a comprehensive and balanced program for dealing with the.overhead organization and management of the executive branch as it is established under the Constitution.

WORK IS COMPLETED

The Committee has now completed its work, and I transmit to you its report, ‘Administrative -Management in the Government of the United States,” I have examined this report carefully and thoughtfully, and am convinced that it is a great document of permanent importance. I think that the general program presented by the Committee is adequate, reasonable and practical, and that it furnishes the basis for immediate action. The broad facts are known; the need is clear; what is now required is action. The Committee on Administrative Management points out that no enterprise can operate effectively if set up as is the Government today. There are over 100 separate departments, boards, commissions, corporations, authorities, agencies, and activities through which the work of the Government is being carried on. Neither the President nor the Congress can exercise effective supervision and direction over such a chaos of establishments, nor can overlapping, duplication, and contradictory policies be avoided. The Committe has not spared me; they say, what has been common

knowledge for 20 years, that the

President cannot adequately handle his responsibilities; that he is overworked, that it is humanly impossible, under the system which we have, for him fully to carry out his constitutional duty as chief executive because he is overwhelmed with minor details and needless contacts arising directly from the bad organization and equipment of the Gevernment, I can testify to this. With my predecessors who have said the same thing over and over again, I plead guilty. The plain fact is that the present organization and equipment of the execvdtive branch of the Government defeats the constitutional intent that there be a single responsible Chief Executive to coordinate and manage the departments and activities in accordance with the laws enacted by the Congress. Under these conditions the Government cannot be throughly effective in working, under popular control, for the common good. The committee does not spare the Controller General for his failure to give the Congress a prompt and complete audit each year; totally independent of Administration, as a means -of holding the Executive truly to account; nor for his unconstitutional assumption of executive power; nor for the failure to keep the accounting system of the Government up to date to serve as the basis of information, management and control. . The ‘committee critizes the use of boards and commissions in administration, condemns the -careless use of “corporations” as governmental instrumentalities, and points out that the practice of creating independent regulatory commissions, who perform administrative work in addition to. judicial work threatens to develop a “fourth branch” of the Government for which there is no sanction in the Constitution. Nor does the committee spare the inadequacy of the Civil Service system.

FIVE-POINT PROGRAM

To meet this situation and bring our administrative management up to date, the Committee presents an integrated five-point program which you will find set out in its report. It includes these major recommendations:

1. Expand the White House staff so that the President may have a sufficient group of able assistants in his own office to keep him in closer and easier touch with the widespread affairs of administration, and to make the speedier clearance of the knowledge needed for executive decision; 2. Strengthen and develop the managerial agencies of the Government, particularly those dealing with the budget and efficiency research, with personnel and with planning, as management-arms of the Chief Executive; 3. Extend the merit system upward, outward and downward to cover practically all nonpolicy-deter-mining posts; reorganize the Civil Service system as a par! of management under a single, responsible administrator, and create a citizen board to serve as the watch dog of the merit system, and increase the salaries of key posts throughout the service so that the government may attract and hold in a career service men and women of ability and character. 4. Overhaul the 100 independent agencies, administrations, authorities, Boards and commissions, and place them by executive order within one or the other of the following 12 major executive departments: State, Treasury, War, Justice, Postoffice, Navy, Conservation, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Social Welfare and Public Works; and place upon the executive continuing responsibility for the maintenance of effective organization; 5. Establish accountability of the executive to the Congress by providing a genuine independent postaudit of all fiscal transactions by an Auditor General, and restore to the executive complete responsibility for accounts and current transactions. As you will see, this program rests solidly upon the Constitution and upon the American way of doing things. There is nothing in it which is revolutionary, as every element is drawn from our own experience either in government or large-scale business. I indorse this program and feel confident that it will commend itself to you also with your knowledge of government, ahd to the vast majority of the citizens of the country who want and believe in efficient self-government. No important advance can be made toward the major objectives of the program without the passage hy. the Congress of the necessary legislation.

TWO NEW DEPARTMENTS

It will be necessary to provide for the establishment of two new de-

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partments, a Department of Social Welfare and a Department of Public Works, for the assignment by the President of all the miscellaneous activities to the 12 major departments thus provided, for reorganization of the Civil Service System, for modernizing and strengthening the managerial agencies of the Executive, and for making the Executive more strictly accountable to the Congress. By the creation of two new departments nearly 100 agencies now not under regular departments can be consolidated as to their administrative functions under a total of 12 regular departments: of the Government. The remaining elements of the five-point program, though they must await your action on the basic legislation, may be initiated through appropriations and Executive orders. In placing this program before you I realize that it will be said that I am recommending the increase of the powers of the pres- - idency. This is not frue, The presidency as established in the Constitution of the United States has all of the powers that are required. In spite of timid souls in 1787 who feared effective government the presidency was established as a single strong chief executive office. in which was vested the. entire executive power of the National Government, even as the legislative power was placed in the Congress and the judicial «in the Supreme Court. What I am placing before you is not the -request for more power, but for the tools of management and the authority to distribute the work so that the President can effectively discharge those powers which the Constitution now places upon him. Unless we are prepared to abandon this important part of the Constitution, we must * equip the presidency with authority commensurate with his responsibilities under the Constitution. The Committee on Administrative Management, after a careful examination of recent attempts to reorganize ‘the Government and of state reorganizations carried out so ably by Governor Frank O. Lowden in Illinois, Governor Alfred E. Smith. in New York, Governor Harry F. Byrd in Virginia, Governor William Tudor Gardiner in Maine, and by. other Governors, accepts the view held by my distinguished ‘predecessors that the detailed work of reorganization is, as President Theodore Roosevelt said over 30 years ago, “essentially executive in its nature.” The Committee accordingly recommends that reorganization should be a continuing duty and authority of the Chief Executive on the basis of standards set by the Congress. To make this safe, the Committee insists, however, that the Congress keep a watchful eye upon reorganization both through the annual budget and through the maintenance of strict executive accountability to the Congress under the independent audit of all financial transactions by an auditor general. Under the proposed plan the -Congress must by law establish the major departments and determine in advance the general principles which shall guide the President in

ernment among these departments, and in this task the President is to act on the basis of careful research by the bureau of the budget and after conference with those primarily affected. Reorganization is not a mechanical task, but a human task, because government is not a machine, but a living organism With these clear safeguards, and in view of our past muddling with reorganization, one cannot but accept the logic and wisdom of the recommendations.

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‘AN IMPORTANT STEP’

I would not have you adopt this five-point program, however, without hs 5 this represents an importan step in American history. If we do this, we reduce from over 100 down to a dozen the operating executivé® agencies of the Government, and we bring many little bureaticracies under broad coordinated democratic authority, But in doing, we shall know that we are g back to the Constitution, and givin to the Executive branch modern tegls of man-

agement and an up-to-date organization which will enable the Government to go forward efficiently. We can prove to the world that

| balloted today in their “run-off”

American government is both Democratic and effective. In this program I invite your cooperation, and pledge myself to deal energetically and promptly with the executive responsibilities or reorganization and administrative management, when you shall have made this possible by the necessary legislation. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT.

DISTRICT 11 MINERS VOTE IN ‘RUN-OFF

President, Secretary, Board Members to Be Named.

By United Press TERRE HAUTE, Ind. Jan. 12.— Union miners of District No. 11, United Mine Workers of America,

election to choose a district presi-

dent, secretary-treasurer, and two district executive board members. The second election was necessary in contests where none of the candidates obtained a majority of all votes cast in the biennial election Dec. 8. ~ Candidates in today’s balloting were: President—Frank Barnhart, Terre Haute, incumbent, and Louis Austin, Princeton. Secretary-treasurer — John Suttle, Terre Haute, incumbent, and Ralph Day, Terre Haute. Board Member From Subdistrict No. 1—Haskell Thompson, Winslow, Jpcnmbent, and Forrest Corn, Winsow. Board Member From Subdistrict No. 2—Luther Cole, Linton, incumbent, and Clell Hobbs, Linton.

CONTRACTS FILED UNDER HOLDING ACT

New York Company Seeks Utilties’ Approval.

First management contracts were filed today under the holding company section of the Public Service Commission Act by the American Waterworks & Electric Co., Inc. New York City, on waterworks properties in Richmond, Terre Haute, Muncie and Kokomo. The New York City company is owner of common stock in the four

water s companies. These contracts are extensions of former contracts and call the payment of

3 per cent of the operating revenues to the holding pany. After reviewing these contracts the Public Service Commission approve or disapprove them, under

was wracked by sobs, took turns

YOUNGER MATTSONS KEEP UP COURAGE

Parents Stinned by Cruel Murder of Son.

By United Press TACOMA, Wash, Jan. 12.—The younger members of the family of Dr. and Mrs. William W. Mattson carried on today. Their elders were in a state of collapse. Mrs. Mattson was put to bed and Dr. Mattson wandered around the house in what a friend described a “stunned stupor.’ It was left to 14-year-old Muriel and 16-year-old Bill Jr. to represent them to the outside world. Bill, tear-stained but trying to bear up bravely, and his sister, who

answering the door, receiving visi= tors and answering the telephone. They acknowledged the gifts of flowers sent the stricken family, thanked neighbors and friends for their kindly offers of aid and sympathy. The father, former University of Washington and University of Pennsylvania athlete, was the first to receive the news of Charles’ death. He was in his office where a few minutes before he had told newspapermen that despite the kidnaper’s silence he was confident his son still was alive. Harold Nathan of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

telephoned and told him that his |

son’s body had been found.

POSTMASTER IS NAMED WASHINGTON, Jan. 12.—Acting postmasters appointed today included Michael E. Callahan, St. Marys of the Woods, Ind.

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