Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 November 1936 — Page 9

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"FROM INDIANA 4 ~ ERNIE PYLE

1.08 ANGELES; Nov. 30.—I've been reading about tides in “Tide Tables, Atlantic Ocean, 1936.” its companion book of “Pacific and Indian Ocean,” the exact time and depth

give you

of high and low tides in some 4000 ports the.

world over, for every day of 1936. How do the book makers know what the tides are going to be? Well, they've got ‘a machine that figures it out. It’s one of the craziest things in the government, This machine sits in the middle of a big and otherwise empty room, on the second floor of the Commerce Department, in the offices of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in Washington. of The machine is about 15 feet long and 3 feet wide and about as high as your head. It is inclosed in a big glass case, but there is a door in the case, and you can go in and walk around the machine. This tide-predicting contrapMr. Pyle tion is made of brass and consists mainly of a framework and countfess big and little wheels connected by chains. Tides, as you know, are governed first by the sun and moon. And after that, by the typography of the coast line. Each wheel on this machine can be set to represent the influence of the various things that affect the “tide—moon, sun, depth of a bay, width of an inlet, off-shore islands, and so on. So they set all these things for, we’ll say, San Diego, and then turn on the electricity, and the machine grinds away. A man sits at a desk in front of a big dial at the end, and jots down. figures as they show up. The figures are the times and depths of the tides for every day of the year. H you start the machine at 9 a. m., by 4:30 p. m. It will have run off the tide predictions for one point for a whole year. : » ” ”

Good as 125 Mathemalicians

T would take 125 mathematicians, figuring all day, to do the same work. That's the way it used to be dodge. But of course they predicted only a few places then. : Today, they make actual predictions for 97 points in the world. These are called “reference stations.” But there are 3900 other places which correspond so nearly fone or another of the 97 that, by applying a simple table of time differences, anybody can figure out the tides there. The Survey is. about a year and a half ahead on its ‘tide predictions. These tables are sold to mariners and anybody else who needs them. The government has been publishing tide predictions since 1853, They were figured out by hand for 31 years. Then in 1884 somebody invented a machine to do it. In 1911 the present improved machine ‘was set up, and it has been running: ever since.

More Tide Facts

HERE are a few other things I learned while nosing around the tide room: That the biggest tides in the world are in th Bay of Fundy, and run as high as 54 feet. (As a "matter of fact I already knew that.) That the next highest are at Cook Inlet, in Alaska, where they run up to 40 feet. That the lowest are in the Mediterranean, where the difference between high and low water is less than a foot. . That the moon pulls a bigger tide simply because it is closer than the sun. If the sun were as near to us as the moon it would pull 26,000,000 times as much as the moon, which I guess would just swish all the oceans right oft into space.)

- x . ’ - Mrs.Roosevelt's Day BY ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

W J ASHINGTON, Sunday.—I feel as though a great many things had been packed in the last 48

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hours, but I must go back to Friday evening and tell

you of a play called: “Two Hundred Were = Chosen,” which I saw that evening. Many of the group who acted in “Let Freedom Ring” and “Bfiry the Dead are in this play and the virility and freshness of their performance, even though it isn’t quite as finished as it_might be, makes it extremely interesting. The play is remarkable in some ways, though I feel the last part was not up to the standard of the first and second. The author knows the types one meets throughout this country, both the good and the bad,

and it will do no one, who has anything to do with

‘government service, any harm to see the play and

ponder on it.

Yesterday I went to see the Army-Navy football

game with my son John, some of his friends and two

or three of my own. I haven't seen a football game in many years and I can not say that I exactly saw this one, for yesterday afternoon we exemplified a trait many of us have when we get herded together. ‘We think less clearly and are less considerate when we are acting as a crowd than when we are acting as individuals. Every one would have seen a great deal more had they remained seated, in spite of the fact that a big group of youngsters stayed on their feet all the time. Standing up and then clambering on. the seats was the order of the day, and those who could not see were just “out of luck.” . However, every one was good natured and no one can be held really responsible for his actions at a football game. The-excitement grows, most people are young, or' revert to their youth, and as a nation we should rejoice in our ability to be lost for a time in enthusiasm. ; oo got back to Washington in time to see Katharine Cornell in her new play, “The Wingless Victory.” Her voice alone to me is a beautiful and moving thing and this is a very beautiful play, Maxwell Anderson has written fine hlank verse, and, of course, there is no one on the stage who could bring out its beauty as does. Katharine Cornell.

Daily New Books

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY PRESENTS—

MY HE. polify of soniicliNg Sree by merely putting out the flames and sitting back to await more fires is rapidly being abandoned as shortsighted and wasteful. Study of the causes of fires and the de- : velopment of preventive programs are becoming essen-

tial activities of the modern fire department. In re-. lation to the control of delinquency and crime, how=

ever, society has not progressed much beyond the stage of putting out the fires.” . ‘With this analogy Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck,

nationally known criminologists, introduce their latest

contribution to the literature of crime, PRE CRIME: A SYMPOSIUM (McGraw-Hill; $4).

This interesting volume, and

oO NG & v a

"MONDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1936

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Totered as Second-Class Matter ip . at Postoffice, Indianapolis, Ind.

CAN AMERICAS

i Lana x

ID NEXT WAR?

(Fourth of a Series) ]

BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS : Times Foreign Editor =. .-

—For the first time in their more than a century of existence as inter-de-pendent neighbors, the United States and the 20 republics of Latin America

eye. ree] | Pan-American cofiferences have been held seven times in.the past 40-0dd years. And. seven times these conferences have adjourned with little or nothing of moment:

done. The eighth such conference, scheduled to convene tomorrow at - Buenos Aires; “with President Roosevelt and Secretary of: State Hull in attendance, stands an-ex-cellent chance to accomplish something worthwhile.

The first attempt at a Pan- . American conference was at Panama, in June, 1826—more than 110 years ago. True to form, an iso--iationist group in the United States Senate, at the last minute, kept this country from being represented. » ” "

‘WO reasons were given. Both are interesting in the light of more recent history. One was that our presence might “involve” us with Spain--which country still laid claim to: most of South America. The second was the suspicion, born ‘perhaps of a guilty conscience, that ‘the conference might. want to’ discuss our relations, < present -and - future, with Cuba. and Puerto Rico. Nevertheless, 56 years Secretary of State James G. Blaine. invited - the southern republics to meet at Washington in 1882. But the War of the Pacifie (between Chile and Peru) caused it to fall through. And it was not until 1889 that President Cleveland succeeded in bringing it about. . ‘ : Even then, it did not get very far. For one thing, Latin Americans resented anything which, to them, looked like “American domination” of the gathering. For another, the American delegation watched like hawks lest the Latins put over something on them smacking of criticism of the American policy. That left little latitude for initiative.

was the formation of .a bureau which was later to become the Pan-American Union.

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HE second Pan-American conference met in Mexico City, in 1901; the third at Rio de Janeiro, in 1906; the fourth at Buenos Aires, in 1910; the fifth at Santiago, ‘Chile, in 1923—after having been postponed from 1514 on account of the World War; the sixth at ‘Havana, in 1928, and the seventh -at Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1933. The Buenos Aires convention is not one of the regular Pan-Ameri-can series. These have come to be held about ever five years. The next one is not: due until 1938. But, together: with the Presidents of the other American republics, President ‘Roosevelt believes in striking while the ifon is hot.

One reason for the coming. spe-

BY MARK SULLIVAN ASHINGTON, Nov. 30.—As re< V spects the direction events will take after Congress meets in January, there are two lines of

| thought, ‘Account should be taken

of two centers of influence. One sists of the intellectuals and the major and minor radicals and progressives in the Administration.

Many of the intellectuals and all the radicals still believe, in one degree or another, in taking America toward a materially changed otder of society. Some of them are strongly and deliberately determined toward that end. The attitude of others is as it was once described by Dorothy Thompson: They “believe that the traditional social and economic system is doomed anyhow, and that anything done to hasten

one is a step in the right direction.” These. still eve ' in “planned omy.” They | , for they are field, that, as Stalin

VW ASHINGTON, Nov. 30. -

are beginning to see eye to | ls

later; |

~. The most constructive result of | this first inter-American congress |-

. surrendered in the case o

is Congress itself; the other con-

Despite continued agitation for peace, governments the world over

are maintaining or building larger

“armed forces. ; : 1. United States soldiers, kept in perfect physical condition by daily exercise and training. 2. A German machine gun unit. .

3. Japanese warships stand. guard at Shanghai. :

4. A view of lately developed French fortification.

5. This French gun crew directs’

the action of a subteranean heavy gun emplacement.

" ; cial session is that it is only too obvious that the world is on the brink of a new war, and none of the Americas wants to be dragged in. Second, the formation-of a strong, united front, from Canada to“Cape Horn, would tend to discourage possible ambitions of land-hungry dictators overseas.

Third, the revival of world trade is essential to world recovery, and trade revival among the Americas would give needed impetus to international commerce generally. Lastly, it is widely felt that the “good neighbor” policy of President Roosevelt has finally paved the way for co-operation in this hemisphere. ” 2 2

BECAUSE of the dovetailing of all these factors, it was felt by ‘all concerned that to ‘let the opportunity slip would be a tragedy. The combination might never occur again. The world is in such a plight anything can happen. .=:To be*fair, it shouldbe set down here that a sincere-effort to improve relations betweén the. two, -Americas was, made by. President Hoover. His first officialsact after his election in 1928 was a good will. tour of Central and South America. President Roosevelt, however, has gone beyond: that, making inter-American friendship and understanding a major; United States policy. . ; The last Marine was withdrawn ‘from Nicaragua in 1933, and from

| Haiti in 1934. Treaty rights pro-

viding for intervention have been f several Caribbean countries. Fi ; In May, 1934, the Platt Amendment with Cuba was. abrogated and a new commercial: treaty drawn. These and other dramatic moves have -made our neighbors feel that at last Uncle Sam is their loyal friend, worthy of confidence.

Next—All for One and One for An?

Sullivan Sees New Congress As Fairly Conservative Body

lectuals in the Administration and enact it without change. ' Even before, when Congress was doing this; it justified itself by feeling it was acting. in the spirit of emergency. Evidence of the mental attitude

‘of the first two Roosevelt Congresses

is to be found in the number of measures upon which they put a time limitation. - Even NRA, enacted in the very heyday of the influence of intellectuals in the Administration, - in June, ‘1933; within four months after Mr. Roosevelt took office—even NRA was given a time limitation of two years. It was just

about to expire on June 17, 1935,

when the Supreme Court, on May 30, invalidated. it. Everybody knew

that if the decision of the court had

not come at that time, renewing NRA, would have different and much weaker NRA. 8.8 ® TY THE point is that the last two Congresses, with respect to some 15 iniportant measures, pit’ a time limit on them. hs On the whole, the record of the past Congress was not radical. The

rew Congress that meets.in Janus

made a |;

Little Accomplished at Seven New Wo

Parleys Previously Held

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KNOW YOUR ~ INDIANAPOLIS ‘There are six railroads with 16 divisions in Indianapolis. Carloadings here in recent months. have ‘been. the highest in recent years.

ary: does not vary materially in. personnel.” The number of Democrats in the House has been increased from 322 to 329. The" seven additional ones are neW: -‘There’is no reason to suppose these are necessarily .radical, and their number is negligible. Of thé 322° Democrats remaining, who compose the:rest of the Democratic majority, nearly all] are the same who held seats last

year. : 5 b 3 Ld In the new Congress, in both Sén-;

Those at

Present: Exchided

‘May Benefit by Security Act

(Ninth of a Series) :

WEN the Federal Old-Age Y Benefits Plan goes into effect

Accordingly, periods of work in

| covered employments. may likewise

be interspersed with: periods of em-

ployment not covered under the

on Jan. 1, 1937, it is estimated that | plan.

26 million workers will be covered by the plan...It -is anticipated that subsequent years. will reflect normal increases in the number of individuals affected and that the number who ultimatély will be covered will Teach 35 or 40 millions. j This is explained by the fact that Americans traditionally change oc--cupations.: While an individual may ‘be an employe of a state govern‘ment when the plan become effective on Jan. 1, and thus not be cov‘ered by the plan, the following year

13000 a year from any one employer will be credited on:his Social Se- |.

ed| ‘Thus, he begins to build up wage

ef: requiremen hii BE tite in

104 benett at the age-of 6.

A worker who has had only brief connection with a covered employment may qualify for a benefit even though the major part of his working life is spent in an occupatio not covered by the plan. 7 In addition, it is possible for an individual who hasmever worked in a covered émployment to ‘be benefited by the plan. H& may ‘participate in the estate of a deceased in-

dividual who was covered by the|

plan, and to whose estate a death payment had been made under the

NEXT_Wha docs “wages

- + | wearing such colors in public. 2

Plan?

Traffic Barometers

§TvrEs of motor_vehicle traffic ’ made by the Port of New York Authority show things- as

that patterns dis-|

econd

PAGE

ur Tow By ANTON SCHERRER

(CONRAD BROUSSELL (or Brussell) gentleman with Gallic blood cours through his veins, was our first baker. was in many respects our most tragic figun . too. 3 Baker Broussell wasn’t the first figure Indianapolis had, because there is always case of Daniel Shaffer. Mr. Shaffer came to India apolis in January, 1821, and started the first store ¢

the high ground south of Pogue's Run, near the present line of South-st. Six months later, he was dead. It was the first death in Indianapolis. . Baker Broussell’s tragedy was not a matter of death but one of birth, because the more you ex=amine his life, the more you realize that his was the case of a man born way ahead of his time. Than which, of course, there is nothing more: pathetic. Baker Broussell came to Indianapolis some time in the fall of 1820 and set up shop within a stone’s throw of Mr. Nowland’s tavern in what subsequently came to be known as Wilmot's Row, or what is now known West and Washington-sts. Here he made and — delicious ginger bread known as “Hoosier bait,” which he kept cut in fi'penny squares known to the trade - as quarter-sections or “fips.” If Baker Broussell had stayed with his delectable invention, there never would have been a tragedy, But he couldn’t let well enough alone. He passed up a sure thing to go into bread baking, at a time— mind you—when all our women were stuck on their home-made biscuits and salt-rising “bread. After which, he got ‘the crazy notion of supplying our entire = population, living in 40, cabins at the time, with bread fresh from the oven—and twice a week, at that.

8 8 » Turned Down Cold UR women turned himr down cold and there arg

still grewsome tales floating around telling of their almost unbelievable sales resistance. They called Mr. Broussell's bread “boughten bread,” with the res sult that he was a ruined man after that. History can’t offer another case of @ man who knew & little about women and who did so little about if - Of course, after Mr. Broussell was dead, the wome sort of got around to his ‘idea. I can explain that, too. As Indianapolis grew and immigration increased, the hired girls, who in the past had been girls from ' the country, daughters of well-to-do farmers, gave way to the foreigners.

2 ” Substitutes. Couldn’t Bake

FT HE country girl had been brought up to do the family cooking ‘and baking and could handle the job as well as the mistress. Sometimes better. The foreign substitute could not. And so it came to pass that the mistress had to make a decision. Either she had to go back to her baking tools or buy “boughten bread.” ' > Well, I can tell you what happened because just about the time the housewives of Indianapolis had to make their choice, Parrott and Nickum blew .into town and built a bakery so big that it occupied three entire floors. By 1880, they were using 100 barrels of flour a day, which is fo say that they had all the women of Indianapolis eating out of their hs

Mr. Scherrer

That was about 30. years after Baker Broussel ¢

of a broken heart. - -

Hoosier Yesterdays

NOVEMBER 30

NDIANA history lovers owe a debt of gratitude James Albert Woodburn, who was born Nov. 1856, at Bloomington, Ind. :

"A studént and a writer, Prof. Woodburn has de« voted much of his life to preserving the pageantry of the past. At Indiana University, Prof. Woodburn is a ‘well loved figure in the memory of students of the past 40 years. Professor emeritus of American history at the university, Préf. Woodburn was president of the Ind ana Historical Society from 1923 to 1931. He is presi= dent of the Indiana Council on Foreign Relations and a founder and former president of the American Poe litical ‘Science Association. : A scholar, Prof. Woodburn received his A. B. and M. A. degrees at Indiana University and a Ph. at Johns Hopkins, where he was g member of Phi Beta Kappa. His social fraternity was Phi Ga Delta. Prof. Woodburn has received several honor degrees, and Indiana University awarded him the Docs tor of Laws degree.

In addition to his other activities, Prof. Wood burn is a member of the Indiana Historical Commis= sion, Indiana George Rogers Clark Memorial Commis sion and the Federal Clark Commission. As a teacher, author and leader of historical ganizations, Prof. Woodburn' has done much to 2 alive the ‘memories of the past. He is the author of many books on ‘American government and: politics a textbooks for schools, == = Eighty years old today, Prof. Woodburn has ree tired from active pedagogy. His residences are list in Who’s Who at Bloomington and Ann Harbor, Mick —By T. C. Sieg Fe mt ; 3

Watch Your Heal BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN A QUAKER named John Daiton bought some

db b rong

* Color blindness is more common in boys than 8 important today

BY SCIENCE SERVICE | signals