Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 November 1936 — Page 15

Fy ke a = e 32 FF § ok : adap

FROM INDIANA

ago, while giving my professional opinion of Grand Coulee Dam, I promised you there would be only one more. dam piece. Well, this is it. It’s about Bonneville, 40 miles east of Portland, up the Columbia River.” ~~ ~ They have a special little problem at Bonnéville. The problem is how theyre going to get those dumb salmon around the dam. It has the Army engineers almost crazy. 2 Several million salmon swim back up Columbia every year to spawn, they can't get right back where they were born, then they refuse to lay eggs, and they die, and that’s the end of the salmon business in the Columbia. This is an industry that employs some 20,000 people and does a $10,000,000 annual business, so you can’t blame the Army engineers for worrying about it. The government is spending $3,500,000 to get the fish around Mr. Pyle Bonneville. And they still don’t know whether it'll work. : It’s simple enough, of course, to think up some device to lift the fish over the dam. But the problem is to get the fish into the device. Two types of “fish lifting” apparatus are being built into the dam. The first 1s the fish “ladder,” which has been used on other dams, sometimes wjth success, sometimes with complete failure. Visualize a concrete wall across a river, the water behind the wall some 50 feet higher than in front of it. The front of the dam slopes. The fish “ladder” is along .the edge, next to the river bank. It is simply a series of concrete pools, starting at the lower river surface and gradually ascending, stair-step fashion, until it reaches the level of the water behind the dam.

Little Waterfalls

ATER flows over this just as it flows over a spillway, making a long series of little waterfalls. They know salmon will swim up one of these things, because that’s the way salmon get up a river, the hard way, swimming and jumping over waterfalls. But the ‘catch is, how to entice the salmon into-the “ladder,” which is along the edge. It is the nature of salmon to swim right into the swiftest current, and the swiftest current at Bonneville will come licketysplit over the spillway in the middle of the dam.

# r ”

Bait No Good

OU can't offer them bait, for salmon don’t eat on their trek up the river. The only possible bait is a swift current. So the engineers are building in « elaborate pumping devices to make a current surge out in front of the fish ladders, in the hopes of fooling the fish into thinking that’s the center of the river. The other device is an elevator to carry the fish up. It is a lock 20 by 30 feet. Its entrance is at the surface of the river on the downstream side. Fish will * be enticed into it (we hope) by a swift current coming out of the entrance (theyll do this with pumps too). Once the fish are inside, they'll shut the door, then pump the lock full of water until the surface is level with the water back of the dam. Then they'll open the door in the back, and the fish will swim out the other side. Except that they probably won't, for they haven't any sense. To take care of this, there is a wooden lattice-work floor in the locks, which will be raised by machinery until it pushes the fish out.

Mrs.Roosevelt's Day

BY ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

He PARK, N. Y.,, Wednesday—By six o'clock Tuesday evening we really settled down to hearing the election returns. Very quickly the people who can compute percentages seemed to be confident that the verdict of the people was in favor of the President. But I, who always feel that you must wait until everything is in before you can be sure, was not so soon convinced. As the night wore on, however, it was evident that the returns were becoming more and more favorable. Finally, in the early hours of the morning, there come from Gov, Landon a telegram which typifies the attijude of one who believes in a democratic form off government. It was a fine message and from now on let us hope that any bitterness engendered by the heat of battle will be wiped out, and there will be real co-operation by friends and enemies to make the nation as a whole prosper. I have been deeply touched by the small contributions which have been sent to me to transmit to the Democratic campaign fund. They represent more sacrifice, perhaps, than larger sums of money, and are often accompanied by letters which make one realize even more keenly the weight of responsibility on a man who has the confidence of so large a part of the nation as ours. We finally induced my husband and the children to go to bed somewhere around 3 a. m., after talking with our son Elliott and his wife in Texas. They sounded very jubilant, although I think we woke them up by calling so late. At little after 11 p m. some of the people who worked so hard at the New York State Democratic committee office arrived by train. They were so much elated by the results of their labors, and the success of Gov. Lehman, the state ticket, and of Mrs. O'Day that they .did not leave until about 2 a. m. Instead of growing mgre sleepy as the night advanced, I seemed to grow more and more wide-awake, But I suppose that by tonight I shall feel as though I had never been to sleep before. We are all busy getting ready to go back to Washington, packing the trunks and getting the mall done, as far as possible, Miss Nancy Cook is having a er which the President and I are attending. By that time we should have very. complete returns and will be able to call it a victory party.

Daily New Books

By DAVID DIETZ

People Have Seen Ghosts but Not Atoms, Yet :

Science Prefers to Believe in Atoms and Not in Ghosts.

“Second of a Series N° one has ever seen an atom. No scientist ever expects

to see one. lieving.

Here is one case where not seeing is ihe-»

Plenty of people have seen ghosts. But scientists are unwilling to believe in their existence. ; : Scientists believe in the perpetually invisible atom

because the

atomic theory has brought

order out of chaos in physics and chemistry. It has given a logical explanation to the phenomena of nature and it has laid the theoretical groundwork for the practical marvels of the

twentieth century. The wonders of synthetic chemistry, the creation of new plastics, new dyes and new drugs, the.

marvelous

nts of metallurgy, the

achievement of stainless steel, the new aluminum alloys, and the new cutting alloys so" important to : the machine tool industry, have come. about because

the David Dietz

chemist had the atomic theory ‘to work with. The chemist can not see the atom, but -he can

weigh it, measure it, locate its exact position in the crystal of an alloy and predict in advance what properties a given : configuration of atoms will give to a new drug, a new dye, or a new

anesthetic.

The tremendous achievements of radio, the amazing applieaions a

the photo-electric cell, the developments to date in

television,

been made possible by the ability of the physicist to:deal iho the

yet smaller components of the atom. Five hundred million ‘electrons might rest upon the period at the end of -this sentence. But the physicist has measured the electric charge of the electron. He knows the velocity with which it will move under various conditions. He can predict its behavior and as a result put it. to work in the vacuum tubes of your radio set or the photo-electric cell that controls a mechanism for sorting cigars, opening doors, or operating a telephoto machine. As we have said, plenty of people have seen ghosts. But no one has ever weighed a ghost or taken its temperature. What \is more important, no one has ever put a ghost to work. That is why the evidence for the existence of atoms is so much better than the evidence for the existence of ghosts. . As a matter of fact, one idea is almost as old in the history of civilization as the other. The idea of m really began with the ancient Greeks. They speculated as to whether a piece of stone might be subdivided endlessly or if finally an ultimate particle would be reached which could not be subdivided. They decided upon the later view.. Our word, “atom,” comes from the Greek, and means “uncuttable.” ” » » T was assumed that the ancient Greeks were right about the atom until the start of the present century, when scientists divided the atom into its component particles. The story is told of one professor who, when brought the news of the division of the atom by his students, replied, “But that's impossible. The word, atom, comes from the Greek and means indivisible.” “Well,” replied the unfeeling student, “that shows the danger of knowing Greek.” But the Greek idea differed from the modern one. They supposed there were atoms of wood, stone, etc. They pictured the atoms of solids as held together by hooks while the atoms of liquid

were imagined ‘to be smooth and round. The Greeks had another theory also, that everything-in-the- world had been fashioned out.of a few elemental substances. These were four in number: Earth, air, fire and water. The great Aristotle cared little for the theory of atoms, but embraced the notion of the four élement. Consequently, in the Middle Ages, when Aristotle became the great scientific authority, this notion was pursued: by the philosophers of the day and out of it grew the fantastic and futile pseudo-science of alchemy. But alchemy was not altogether futile. In its sedrch for the “philosopher’s * stone” with its power of eternal life and its ability to turn base metals. into gold, alchemy laid the foundation for

chemistry. BB 1661 Robert Boyle Jaunched: a

bitter attack upon the alchem- .

ists with the publication of a book which he called ~ "The - Skept; Chymist”—that was chemist. It cleared important ‘chemical advances of the next 150 years and with the arrival of the Nineteenth Century the way was ¢lear’ for the modern theory of thé atom It began with the publication: of another hook iri" 1808, John Dal~

Philosophy.” | contbined the Greek idea of atoms with the Greek idea of elements. = ° Dalton observed that any chemical compound always contained the same chemical elements ‘com-: bined in exactly the same proportions by weight. He observed, moreover, if certain chemical elements combined to form more than one compound, the different amounts of one element, by weight, which would unite with a given weight of another element, were always exact multiples of each other. From these facts, Dalton, a Quaker: - schoolmaster of Manchester, England, concluded that each ‘chemical element must be

Brain Waves: Study May Give Idea of Mental Development

4 BY SCIENCE SERVICE ASHINGTON, Nov. 5. — ether a child’s mental development can be watched in the future by means of a study of his brain waves was debated here mn a special session -of the conference of the ‘Society for Research in Child Development. This technique for leading off electric impulses direct from the brain has put a new tool in the hands of those who are studying human ‘minds. These waves come in a certain pattern which is characteristic of each individual, but

hich is not the same for different |

persons.

Rochester. Characteristic rhythms { are found in the guinea pig at least

twelve: days‘ before birth, Dr. Car- be

michael “said. In the youngest of the unborn animals, the rhythm occurred only in isolated periods with long periods of quiet. But, although the impulses came in a wide range of frequencies from 5 to 40 per second, predominating ' fre-

Dmitri Mendeleeff, : * famous Russian chem- : ist. - His bold predictions helped prove the existence of the invisible atom.

not you're interested. Indianapolis had 1000 houses and 24, 000 people at the time. It also had a debt of $20,000. Mr. McCoy found the book in some attic cone nected with the family and now ker, it constantly

beside his bed. He gets such fun dipping into it when he can’t sleep, because it enables him to learn where the grandfathers of some of our most prominent citizens spent their nights 79 years ago. Herman Bamberger, for instance, boarded at Julius Glaser’s; Henry Severin’ at A. Sunders’; John C. New, then county clerk, at William Campbell’s; Herman Lieber put up at Union Hall, and Christian Off at H. Piet's. William J. Holliday board at Z. . Tousey’s, John 8. Tarkington at Mrs. Kinder's and Charles Vajen at Sam Beck's. John F. Waliick boarded at James McCurdy’ss Simon Yandes at Edmund Browning's, John J. Wright! at the Palmer House, and .Ferdinand Mayer, a clerk in

Mr. Scherrer

| the Variety Store run by his father at 20 W. Washing=

ton-st, had his bed and board at the corner of Illinois

| and Maryland-sts. Dr. Augustus S. Wright had his at

the corner of Maryland and Tennessee-sts. That's as ‘much as Mr. McCoy's directory will tell about Mn, : Mave and Dr. Wright. :

2 =» =

2 ( B McCarty at McCarly's TICHOLAS M'CARTY, believe it or not, ‘boarded a$ N Mrs. McCarty’s in a house on a high and woodsy lot where the Manual Training High School now . ‘stands. Frank Ittenbach, one of Alex Muerson's stone _cutters, slept with his father on Delaware-st, between - ‘South and Merrill-sts. : Clemens Vonnegut lived in the same neighborhood, somewhere between Maryland and Geo ‘Architect Dietrich A. Bohlen had his home in Huron: . st; John L. Ketcham in Merrill-st, across from his

J; father-in-law, Samuel Merrill, whose home was where

Te “today ana.

composed of atoms of ‘definite weight.. This might be regarded as: nothing more than a shrewd and ingenious guess and the lay-

man might ask why we still be-

lieve it. ...The chief reason is that hun-

of .thousands of chemical dre known to Seience’ |

ot one compound vio-

eT 48" /called. a ih of. any. These in turn are composed of

atoms. Thus, for example, a: mole-~

cule of water is: composed of two “atoms of hydrogen and one atom _ of oxygen: " Half a century after Dalton, a Russian chemist’ named Dmitri Ivanovich . Mentiéeleeff published his famous “periodic classifica- * tion” By that time, chemists had worked out a table of the weights of the atoms of the various elements, comparing them to oxygen- whose’ atoms was given the atomic ‘weight of 186. 5 : Mendeleeff showed that if the chemical elements were arranged in a table in the ascending order oof their atomic weights, there Were |

This was in the year 1869.

periodic occurrences of ' eléments .which resembled each other. Thus, for example, if you started with lithium and counted eight elements down the list, you came to sodium. Counting another eight brought you to potassium. These three have many properties in SOmmon. ; all all soft, HIE metals whic y with water with cobiidersble vo. oB.. There were gaps in Mendeleeft’s

table and he boldly predicted that |

some day chemical elements would be discovered to fill these gaps. On the basis of hig table, he prea ea! amas ics © elements would prove to be. History brilliantly confirmed Mendeleeff’s reasoning. The missing chemical elements have been discovered. They have fitted into the table where Mendeleeff said they would and they have possessed the chemical properties which he predicted for them. ” # o

ERE again, a single violation of the periodic table would

have been enough to upset the

atomic theory. But none has ever

been found. The atomic theory further was

strengthened. by the work of the

great ‘Swedish. chemist, ‘Svante August Arrhenius, who in 1887 put forward ‘his ‘theory of “elec

the behavior .of solutions: ef .vari= ous -sglts. and’ other substances in water, 2 ‘ Finally: we must mention a core tain amount of ihdirect visual the. . existe

. (was: unable’ to explain’ ‘this phenomenon which became known as the “Brownian ‘movement.” ‘At the beginning of the: present century it became ‘apparent that the - movement of these particles must be due to their collisions with moving molecules of the “liquid. In 1905, Prof. Einstein established this theory : beyond contradiction by a brilliant mathematical analysis. The average molecule has a diameter of about 1-125-millionth of an inch. It has been calculated that a cubic inch of air contains 800 quadrillion molecules. Atoms, which compose molecules, must be still smaller. : : The chemist, nevertheless, has devised ways and means of ing the atom do his bidding. His triumphs have Deen. many, memes

> atom't to works,

. px ;

ree POLITICS AS CLAPPER SEES To

“A

BY RAYMOND CLAPPER ’ ASHINGTON, Nov. 5.—Among

quencies from 8 to 12 occurred at |dominan

all the ages studied.

Peculiar variations of brain waves |SUVeY in mental defectives of the Mon- whole

golian type who have mental ages |i

below about 5 years were reported

That this pattern may He deter: [23 mined even before birth ‘was indi-|

cated by Dr. Hallowell Davis of Har-

photographs showing the accentu-

dted noses of gentiles in the Ad-

pe a ETL nis a Se to ‘country,

| indignant letters

against the press, of course, . no one knows. But there have been some significant signs that considerable resentmenbrexisted. In one city, persons wore lapel buttons boasting

f| SL sheiz Qistike-of 8. certain anil:

New Deal newspaper. In certain

newspaper correspondents. In Chithe correspondent of one anti-New

.| Deal paper pointed out to them.

‘Some of the correspondents on that

{trip were alarmed over the visible

fury of the crowd. Aah ae URTHER evidence of this re- ~ sentment is on hand in a good

srolytic dissociation” to ° plat ¥

“ confined to small type, under a

- Next—How the ch chemist yt ‘the -

cities, When Reosevels rode through | packed streets, crowds ‘booed the

cago angry crowds clamored to have | &°

fikty newspaper ofioes, iu Bales of | CISCO | several cities violently aiti-Roose-Yep. velt DeNpapIs ove lost So mye

the Catherine Merrill School (No. 25) now stands, ‘Henry Schnull lived above his grocery (and produce) store at 170 .W. Washington-st, and William F. Piel too, lived with his groceries (and dry goods) farther

- east on the same street

Governor at Terminal R. PATRICK H. JAMESON had the corner Ohio and Alabama-sts, and Stoughton Fletcher “the corner where the Cadle Tabernacle now stands, Stoughton Fletcher Jr. lived at the southeast corner of Virginia-av and South st; Daniel Yandes at southwest corner of Pennsylvania and New York: and Ashube]l Willard; our Governor at the time, had the corner where the Traction Terminal now stands. : I'm sorry I can’t be more definite about exact "tions, but the fact of the matter is that Mr. McC directory lists very few street numbers. It e “the dilemma, too. “In reference to our annual ¢ _tributors,” says the preface, “we would here allude the advantage of advertising. As it will be our hi est aim to please all and have their cards conspicu= “ously displayed, as well as their names in the Business Mirror, which we hope will be sufficient indu to ensure a hearty support. Non-supporters will be neral head, mi ) !

fiing heir game without, Ades Baupg thelr Pl C

Hoosier Yesterdays - NOVEMBER § > UGENE V. DEBS, Socialist leader and labor organs izer, was born in Terre Haute Nov, 5, 1855. Hi career, which was to bring him world fame—and at the same time great tragedy—began wheh he took | job as railroad fireman on the Terre Haute & Ir anapolis Railroad. He held this position from 1871 until 1874, then for the next five years he was employed in a wholesale grocery house. In 1880, however, he again answered the call of railroading. Debs first came under the political searchlight + 1879, when he served as Terre Haute city clerk, holds ing that office until 1883. Two years later he elected to the Indiana state Legislature. He opened his labor activities in 1880 when he chosen grand secretary and treasurer of the B hood of Locomotive Firemen. As president of American Railway Union he directed and won a on the Great Northern Railway early in 1804, and ‘the same year, while managing the strike of the We ern railroads, he was charged with conspiracy, acquitted. : This was the first time his name was on court reo ords as a defendant. He served his first jail term Woodstock, Ill, where he was held for six months a contempt of tourt charge. The great railroad strike, which had paralyzed traffic in the West, had been broken, however, by intervention of < President Cleveland, who - troops to guard the trains. Released from jail, announced he would consecrate his life to the emanci« pation of the workers. He became a Socialist writer, lecturer and organizer and traveled all over the United States. He was Sos

he ran for office, in 1920, he was behind bars in the Federal penitentiary at Atlanta, where "was serving as a war objector. He was released on ofs

Do, 1